Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK December 2004 Kaleidoscope 2004

7/31/2019 Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK December 2004 Kaleidoscope 2004

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Information Media for Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation

Advisor:

Director General for Urban and

Rural Development, Ministry of Settlement

and Regional Infrastructure

Board of Head:

Director of Human Settlement and Housing,

National Development Planning Agency

Republic of Indonesia

Director of Water and Sanitation,Ministry of Health

Director of Urban and Rural Eastern Region,

Ministry of Settlement and Regional

Infrastructure

Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate

Technology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,

Ministry of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special Planning

Environment Management,

Ministry of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:

Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:

Hartoyo, Johan Susmono, Indar Parawansa,

Poedjastanto

Editor:

Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,

Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono,

Essy Asiah, Mujiyanto

Design:

Rudi Kosasih

Production:

Machrudin

Distribution:

Anggie Rifki

Address:

Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion items

are welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and accom-

panied by identity.

Cover by Rudi Kosasih

From Editor 1

Your Voice 2

Main Report

Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed 3

Flood Swept Across Indonesia 4

Questioning Government's Responsibility 5

The community is in short of clean water 6

Looking for Alternative Water Source 7

Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight 8

Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond Are Sources for Consumption Water 9

Flares at TSPT Bojong 10An Egg About To Hatch 11

2004, the Year of Implementation of National Policy for the Development

of Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation 13

Glimpses of WASPOLA Activities 2004 15

Water and Sanitation Program (ProAir)

for Rural Population of Nusa Tenggara Timur 17

WSLIC Phase 2 18

CWSH 18

About WASPOLA

The Implementation of National Policy for WSS Development in November 2004 19

Consigment of Formulation of National Policy for WSS Development 21

Workshop on the study of the Dissemination Implementation

of National Policy for WSS Development 21

Workshop for Small Scale Water Provider 21

About WSS

Workshop of Community Water Supply and Health (CWSH) Project 22

Formulation of Draft of Government Regulation on Drinking Water

Supply and Sanitation Development 22

Dissemination of the National Policy for the Development of

Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation 23

Pesentation of Winner Candidates for Scientific Article Writing Competition 23

Consolidation Workshop WSLIC-2 Project Management Report 24

Official Dedication of WSLIC-2 Project in Kabupaten Lumajang 24

Reportage

WhenDolbun is Embarrased 25Interview

Infrastructure as Nation's Unifier 29

Article

Human Quality and Sanitation Infrastructure Development in Indonesia 31

RT/RW Institution as Coordinator in Community Based Water Supply

and Environmental Sanitation Management 34

Strategy for Community Awareness Improvement 38

Once Again About Privatization 42

Data

Basic Sanitation Coverage Rating by Kabupaten/Kota in 2002 47

Book Info 49

Website Info 50WSS Bibliography 51

Agenda 52


3/56

Time has flown without we beingaware of. Now we have come to

the very end of 2004. Not a beau-

tiful present is what we get this end of

year. A superlative degree of disaster,

instead. More than a hundred thousand

of our brothers and sisters in Aceh and

North Sumatra were victims of nature's

mighty force, earthquakes and the fol-

lowing tidal waves. Is that God's dis-

pleasure or His demonstration? Only God

knows best. What is certain is, this disas-

ter should make us aware about the reali-ty of life is that as Servant of God we shall

never walk imperiously arrogant, do

behave humbly into God's mercy, instead.

Besides, this disaster should move us to

lend our hand, help our mireable bro-

thers and sisters. And let us pray that

such a disaster will never come again.

Amien. Acehnese Misery, Our Misery.

Dear Reader. As usual, many who use

the end of Gregorian calendar year as a

milestone where annual report and at the

same time evaluation of the progress

made within the year, is summarized intorecord. Was it a success, a half success, or

a failure.

Percik of this edition comes in a

slightly different format. We want to

invite the readers to look back into vari-

ous events that happened in this year in

relation to water supply and environmen-

tal sanitation in general, and the WSS

working group activity, in particular. We

hope some changes would happen in the

next year. Of course a change towards

improvement. Prevent it, anything thathappened last year is repeated this year.

If things like this happen then we belong

to the disgraced.

Dear readers, the portrait of events of

the year are specially presented in the

main feature. The title is WSS Kalei-

doscope 2004. Beside that we want to

present to you how far has the National

Policy for Community Based WSS

Development been moving and what is

the progress in Institutionally Based

Development Policy. These two policies

are vital for WSS development because

since the birth of this nation we have

never had a national policy for this sector.

We also want to see the glimpses of WSSprojects such as ProAir, WSLIC-2, and

CWSH have been doing.

Not to be forgotten, Percikmade an

interview with Suyono Dikun, Deputy for

Infrastructure, Bappenas on Infrastruc-

ture of Indonesia. As we know, WSS

development has some linkage with the

existing infrastructure condition. More

than that, in January 2005 we are going

to organize an event called Infrastructure

Summit. Of course we want to know what

Indonesia expects from organizing such

an event.

What is different from the usual is the

reportase. In the present edition the

column is filled with report from fieldvisit to Bangladesh and India. The la-

nguage style is different from the usual,

including its length. We hope that by

reading the reportase the readers would

go together and feel the heartbeat of the

journey.

We also present to you the result of

the acticle writing competition. Beside

the winner, other articles worthy of pre-

sentation and useful for the readers will

also be presented in the next editions.

R O M E DIT O R F

Merry Christmas 2004and

Happy New Year 2005

SOURCE:FANY WEDAHUDITAMA

1PercikDecember 2004

WSS working group


4/56

Percik Must Continue

We fully agree and support the contents

of Percik magazine, especially as they relateto the knowledge and various technologies

and policies in water supply and enviro-

mental sanitation sector. Percik is a useful

reference for procurement, development,

and management of WSS facility and infra-

structure of Kab. Malang that always

demands our serious attention.

The most important issues that demand

serious attention in Kab. Malang include

equitable water supply service between

towns and villages (many villages withinherent water problem), technological as

well as managerial aspects in waste materi-

al handling, domestic wastewater treat-

ment, and urban drainage canal, especially

with regard the responsibility in safeguard-

ing the "national assets" such as Sutami and

Selorejo dams from solid and domestic

wastewater from polluting the raw water

reservoirs.

Basically the Dinas Permukiman and

Pertamanan of Kabupaten Malang is look-

ing forward to more information from

Percik. Next time we will try to send you our

article about WSS condition and manage-

ment here in Kab. Malang.

Ir. Didik Budi Hartono, MT.

Chief, Dinas Perumahan,

Kebersihan and Pertamanan

Kabupaten Malang

More Informationabout CLTS

After reading Percik of October edi-

tion on page 40 on the concept Commu-

nity Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) we have

a feeling that it has something valuable

and useful for Sub-dinas Community

Health of the Dinas Kesehatan City of

Palembang in its effort to support

Indonesia Sehat 2010. We would appre-

ciate it if you could advise us where we

could obtain more information about the

concept and the complete address of Mr.

Kamal Kar.Dr. Hj. Gema Asiani, M.Kes

Kasubdin Penyehatan Lingkungan

Kota Palembang

CLTS concept has been applied in se-

veral countries including Bangladesh

and India. We have copies of a book that

explains the concept in detail. We will

send you a copy of the book as soon as we

can. As for Dr. Kamal Krishna Kar can

be reached through the following e-mail

addresses: [email protected], kamal-

[email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Service Coverage ofPDAM Palopo

We would congratulate for the publi-

cation of Percik Magazine as a means for

interaction and information networks

among water supply and environmental

sanitation activists.

As an input we would add to your

information that as of 31 December the

total active home connections of PDAM

Palopo is 11.773 with an average size of

family is 6 persons, the total population

with access to the service is 70.638.

Services other than home connections

include 13 MCK, 13 public hydrants, 7

public taps, and 5 water terminals each

provide service to 50 persons on average.

From simple calculation the total home

connection and non home connection

service covers 72.588 persons.

The total population of Palopo is

106.813, the PDAM Palopo service cove-

rage as of 31 December 2004 is 67,96 per-cent or rounded up to 68 percent.

We would like to inform you further

that pursuant to Law No 11/2002 on the

formation of Kabupaten Mamasa and

Kota Palopo, PDAM Kabupaten Luwu

which is located within Kota Palopo has

been transfered to PDAM Kota Palopo.

Drs. H. Andi Nurlan Basalan, MM

CEO of PDAM Kota Palopo

O U R V O IC EY

2 PercikDecember 2004

PercikEditor wishes to thank those

who have sent a letter to us. Among

others: Bappeda Kabupaten Ba-

tanghari, Planology Division Univ.

Trisakti, Mayor of Metro, Regional and

City Planning Division Fac. of Technics

UNDIP, DPRD Nusa Tenggara Timur,

Information and Public Service Centre,

Dept. Fishery and Maritime Resources

Development, Planology Division Univ.

Tarumanegara, Environmental Techno-

logy Division ITS, Regional Secretary,

Kab. Aceh Barat, DPRD Kab. Pasaman

Barat, DPRD Prov. Sumatra Selatan,

and DPRD Kab. Aceh Utara

In Percik of June 2004 edition,

there was written "Sanitation is mo-

re importance than independence"

should read "Sanitation is more

important than independence".

In Percik of October 2004 edi-

tion, it was written "National Se-

minar for Socialization of Law No.

8/2004" should read "NationalSeminar for Socialization of Law

No. 7/2004".

In Percik of October 2004 edi-

tion, it was written "At this time the

formulation of the National Policy

for Institutionally Based Drinking

Water Service Development which

serves as an umbrella policy for

PDAM management is in its final

stage and is one part of the initial

100 day program of the Indonesia

Bersatu Cabinet" should only read"At this time the formulation of the

National Policy for Institutionally

Based Drinking Water Service

Development which serves as an

umbrella policy for PDAM manage-

ment is in its final stage". Omit "and

is one part of the initial 100 day pro-

gram of the Indonesia Bersatu

Cabinet".

ERRATA


5/56

Early 2004 it was the beginning of

the problems connected to TPA

(Tempat Pembuangan Akhir,

terminal disposal site) of Bantar Gebang

came to light. The city government of

Jakarta that has been managing the 100

ha disposal site since 1999, now has to

relinquish the facility back to the city go-

vernment of Bekasi. This is because the

deputy mayor of Bekasi, upon completion

of the contract at the end of December2003, unilaterally asked the city of Ja-

karta pay a fee of Rp 85.000 per ton of

solid waste material dumped into the site.

This is unacceptable to Jakarta because in

previous memorandum between the two

governments states the fee is only Rp

50.000 per ton.

In addition, the inhabitants of three

villages, i.e. Sumur Batu, Cikiwul and

Ciketing demand a compensation for the

unpleasantness caused by a disposal site

in their neighbourhood. This demand is

of course causing a headache to the go-vernment of Bekasi and to Jakarta at the

same time. The population blocked the

road leading to the site. Consequently no

garbage truck dares to go near the site.

The people will reopen the road only if

they are paid the compensation. There is

no way for Bekasi city government but to

agree. The city government promised a

compensation of Rp 50.000 per month to

each of the 12.000 families living in the

neighbourhood. It was proven right. But,

unfortunately, it was only once. And, theblocking resumed and demanded that

payment be made as promised.

The crisis obviously causes difficulty

to city government of Jakarta. While TPA

Bantar Gebang is closed, Jakarta does not

have yet any replacement. It is not sur-

prising, as the TPA is closed for a single

day, mountains of waste material are seen

everywhere. The scavengers in the TPA

were complaining about their livelihood.

Some of them moved to another ground

such as Cilincing. As for the citizens of

Bekasi, they want to see the "war" bet-

ween both governments end peacefully

and they demand the problem of polluti-

on be solved in the best possible manner.Peace did come. The mayor of Bekasi

welcomes City government of Jakarta

resume operation in Bantar Gebang. The

mayor's policy is in contradiction with

that of his deputy. And the mayor's inten-

tion will not proceed smoothly, either.

Because now comes DPRD's turn to speak

up. They said that the policy of the city

government of Bekasi has been deviating

after the termination of contract between

Bekasi and Jakarta. Finally, months have

passed and this TPA's problem does notsee any way out.

Beside waste material problem, Ja-

karta population is surprised with the

increase of water supply tariff by 30%

effective from 1 January 2004. The

increase is intended to cover the Rp 900

billion defisit of PAM Jaya partner and

PAM Jaya's obligation to pay back the Rp

1,7 trillion loan to the central govern-

ment.

The increase poses heavy burden to

most PAM customers. They see that the

service up to now is short of their expec-

tation. Such as, smelly water, very small

flow, irregular service. Some considerthis calculation is not transparent, illogi-

cal since it is intended to cover financial

loss. But, once again, no one can ever

stop an increase. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM

Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed

January

SOURCE: MERCYCORPS.OR.ID

Ka le idoscope


WSS News Index

Cisadane river is polluted, PDAMTangerang may cease to operate(16/1)Jakarta inhabitants want more

water hydrants (27/1)BPPT and Pusri will develop a

waste material processor in Jakarta(13/1)Tangerang is considering an elec-tric generator from waste material(24/1)Jakarta is in first degree alert (6/1)Minister of Public Works: JakartaShould Develop an Early Flood

Warning System (2/1)A Reservoir in Gadog is to preventagainst flood for Jakarta (3/1)Ciliwung overflows, Jakarta isflooded (20/1).


6/56

In February 2004, the Agency for

Meteorology and Geophysics (AMG)

reminded the Indonesia community

about the forthcoming of tropical storm

level III which was developing over the

sea south of Java. The storm would cause

heavy widespread downpour all over the

country. At that time AMG estimated

that February would be the peak rainfall.

It was a good estimation. Flood sweptalmost all regions in Indonesia beginning

from February and went on through

March. Flash flood hit Java. More than

just infrastructure damages, flood in East

Java took the lives of 3 people and ano-

ther one missing. This flood hit seven

regions of East Java. Muddy water ran

across the southern part of Kabupaten

Mojokerto. Up to 1-1,5 m deep. This mud

flood is the first in 100 years. The total

loss for East Java is estimated at Rp 300

billion.

In Central Java flood cut transportconnection between Semarang and

Purwodadi of Kabupaten Grobogan.

Hundreds of houses in Kabupaten Gro-

bogan were under water causing a wave

of refugees.

In the northern coast West Java, flood

has cut the main transport link of the

island. The flood span between Pa-

manukan (Subang) on the western end to

Krangkeng (Indramayu) in the east. In

Indramayu the total loss is estimated at

Rp.1,7 billion because 10.665 ha of ricefield may have to be replanted.

As usual, Jakarta is experiencing si-

milar fate. Hundreds from several loca-

tions had to look for temporary shelter.

Traffic jams in 29 points. Tangerang and

Bekasi were not too far different. The

condition of these areas was almost iden-

tical with the prevalence of dengue fever.

In Kabupaten Banjar, South Kali-

mantan, thousands of people had to take

refugee because most of the area is under

water. In Kabupaten Manggarai (NTT),

death toll consisted of 3 and six others

were lost. Flood also occurred at Dong-

gala, Central Sulawesi, causing two per-

sons lost their lives. Sumatra and Sula-

wesi did not miss the flood.

The government is considered too

weak in dealing with flood. This is evi-

denced from flood keeps coming every

year. Preventive measures were almostunheard of, and post flood operation

seems quite slow. Whereas, many have

supplied input and suggestion about the

government should do in dealing with

flood.

In the midst of overflowing flood

water, the city governments of Batu and

Malang are in shortage of clean water.

Both city governments have to hire scores

of water trucks in order to overcome

water crisis, because their distribution

are badly affected by the flood. In Batu,4.200 PAM customers have to buy water

in jerry cans while in Malang 7.000 are

without water supply.

In the meantime, effective from this

month PDAM Tasikmalaya is increasing

its tariff by 50%. The increase does not

only relate to basic tariff but also tariff

classification to household that has

changed function. The reason for in-

crease, operational cost and the prices of

equipment and materials for PDAM

operation have increased. Instantly theincrease causes strong reaction from the

legislative. They have objection with the

increase, because in reality PDAM is still

making profit, though small.

In Ungaran, the local PDAM can no

longer bear the burdens of operational

costs and loan repayment. The company

is in arrears amounting to Rp 33,8 billion.

To overcome this PDAM Ungaran invites

the cooperation of PT Sara Tirta Ungaran

(STU) to manage the water source at

Ngembar, Kecamatan Jambu. The for-

mat of the cooperation is STU develop

and take over PDAM asset for the period

of 27 years. Upon completion all the asset

goes back to PDAM Ungaran. The new

investment amounts to Rp 29,244 billion

consisting of Rp 23,4 billion for deve-

loping a drinking water installation and

the rest to construct instalation at the

water source.

AI N R EPO R TM


Flood Swept Across Indonesia

February-March-April

WSS News Index

Scavengers' Smile at TPA Bantar

Gebang (2/2)

TPA Cipayung becomes a pilot TPA

for Jabotabek area (3/2)

TPA causes pollution to fish pond

(9/2)

Transfer Station at Cilincing is pro-

ven to cause environmental pollu-

tion (10/2)

BPPT Offers 5 Aspects for SolidWaste Handling (16/2)

Up to Rp 5 million Fine for Lit-

tering (26/2)

Banjir Kanal Barat optimalization

projet is completed in April (18/2)

North coast road at Situbondo is

covered with mud and rock (16/2)

31 kelurahan (villages) of Yogya-

karta are sensitive to flood and

landslide (5/2)

Raw Water Supply Drops by 62%

(5/4)

Polluted by Fuel Refilling Station,One Has Been Buying Mineral

Water for 5 Years (13/4)

West Java Government Hand Over

Water Supply Management and

Asset to PDAM (11/4)

Proposed Tegal PDAM tarif

increase almost 100% (27/4)

PAM water of West Bangka has

long been polluted (27/4)

Hundreds of Bojong population

held demo to Police HQ (9/3).

Ka le idoscope


7/56

Following floods that swept

many parts of Indonesia, the

community begins questioning

the government's performance in

dealing with this disaster. Generally

the people consider that the govern-

ment is incapable of anticipating the

occurrence of flood and the conse-

quences it leaves behind. As a result,

human lives and property always fall

victim, and the amount is never small.The regional government of Jakar-

ta, for example, is unable to cope with

this problem, and has asked the cen-

tral government to share the burden.

This is because flood is not the pro-

blem of a single province but it entan-

gles across administrative borders.

The bupati of Kabupaten Indramayu,

Irianto Syafiudin, requests the provincial

government's help to solve river siltation

problem in his region. Siltation rate in

Kab. Indramayu is the highest in West

Java because this region is the down-stream area of rivers carrying mud from

Tasikmalaya, Garut, Sumedang, Subang,

Majalengka and Kuningan areas.

In Bekasi, the population of Babelan

requests the government to as soon as

possible normalize Kali Balisasak. The

river has undergone advanced siltation

and aquatic vegetation cover and as such

it cannot function as normal waterway

during peak flow.

In the city of Bogor, many roads turn

bad easily because of poor drainage sys-tem.

Therefore, several parties suggest that

the roads of the city should not be paved

with asphalt, but with concrete bloc

instead. Additionally, the community re-

quests that the drainage is re-arranged

properly considering Bogor is a rainy city.

Further the community requests re-

arrangement of waste material and street

vendor management. The population ex-

pects that this tourist destination city

may become a clean and hygienic city.

In Padang, the citizens regret the

environmental destruction that has taken

place in the region. In areas where flood

was historically unknown, now are begin-

ning to experience the disaster. The citi-

zens consider the city government lacksof care and interest to subject related to

flood and environmental conservation as

well as spatial planning.

The Minster of Environment, Nabiel

Makarim, stated that there are nine out of

198 lakes (natural and man-made) in the

area of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang

and Bekasi have been converted to other

function and must be reverted to their

previous condition. According to him, re-

version of the lakes in this region is an

effort to control flood especially in theresorption and water pocket areas. In

addition, he feels a deep apprehension

with the damages made to 134 lakes

(68%). Only 42 (20%) of the lakes are

considerd accepteble and 2 lakes have

totally disappeared.

What was stated by Nabiel is right.

The function of Rawa Badung reservoir in

Jatinegara, East Jakarta is to hold water,

but at the same time it is also a garbage

holder. Floating on surface is waste

material consisting of plastic,

empty bottles, cans, and so on.

This condition causes a lot of nui-

sance to the neigbourhood. They

expect the city government would

build a fence around the reservoir.

In the meantime, Bogor citi-

zens are surprised with the in-

crease of PDAM Tirta Pakuan's

150% tariff increase. The increaseis based on the increases of elec-

tricity at 60%, fuel at 50% and

basic regional salary. The increase

which is effective since June has

invited objection from the con-

sumers. They consider the in-

crease is too high and incomparable with

the quality of PDAM service.

But, hush. people's voice is almost

always unheard. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM

WSS News Index

Questioning Government's Responsibility

May

Bekasi City government breaks promi-

se, Bantar Gebang population closes

TPA (6/5)

Waste Material of TPA Leuwigajah for

electricity (8/5)

Container in place of informal transfer

station (10/5)

Because of Waste material teachers

threaten to strike from teaching (31/5)

Many have to drink water not worthy

for consumption (14/5)

PDAM Bogor raises tariff up to 150%

(21/5)

Big annual decrease is dicharge rate in

NTB (26/5)

Seminar of "Water Culture" (19/5)

And water pipe is hung on the tree

(13/5)

Need a regulation on relocation of

water use (14/5)

Central Government is asked to help

overcoming flood problem (8/5)

Water discharge of Citanduy river

drops drastically (8/5)

The rivers of Jakarta serve as the

longest toilet in the world (5/5).

SOURCE: DEPT. OF HEALTH


Ka le idoscope


8/56

After flood swept a number of

regions, Indonesia is now facing

another "law of nature" as a con-

sequence of environmental degradation:

drought. This condition does not only

affect the people as individuals but also

the clean water provider, PDAM. The re-

gional public utility company is com-

plaining about the difficulty in getting

raw water.

The rivers of West Kalimantan drasti-cally drop their water level. Water depth

that was normally 3 metres now sinks to

only one meter. In many parts of the

rivers the people can freely wade across

the banks. It is obvious that such a con-

dition is detrimental to raw water supply

for several PDAMs such as the ones in

Sanggau, Landak and Pontianak. The lo-

cal population has to buy drinking water

at Rp 70.000 per tank containing 4.000

litres. Other people have to pay retail

price at Rp 1.000 per gallon (4 litres).

Worst of all, the poor who cannot affordto buy water, have to go to the river to

take water, let it settle overnight and use

it the next morning. Some even have to

use it directly.

In Banjarmasin, the local PDAM also

experience a supply shortage. One of its

500 l/sec capacity raw water intakes can-

not be used any more. Beside drought

problem, salt water intrusion has reached

above tolerance level. Water scarcity

brings detrimental effects to the popula-

tion. Diarrhea diseases are beginning toattack the people living near the river,

especially the poor who are living in

thickly populated quarters.

In Serang, approximately 10.000

PDAM customers are unable to enjoy

clean water service. The director of local

PDAM says that the main conveyance

pipe in Tamansari, Baros is closed down

by the local population because of a nag-

ging problem of land compensation.

In Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, the

regional government distributes clean

water to the population with the priority

given to the poor. Because of prolonged

dry season eleven kecamatan of this

kabupaten are suffering from water

scarcity. In Kulonprogo, 8 from 12 keca-

matan are in shortage of water. Even in

four of them they have no clean water at

all for almost two months.Sutrisno, head of Pemali Jatrun wa-

tershed management, in Central Java,

said that approximately 430.000 ha of fo-

rest lands in 16 kabupatens are in critical

condition and must be seriously taken

care of otherwise they may cause disas-

ters to the surrounding areas. Of the to-

tal, 238.000 ha are located outside of the

forest areas.

In NTT, the local government has to

discontinue water supply to the barracks

of ex Timor Timur refugees. The reasonis because the local government is in

short of fund to support the operation.

The ex refugees respond sharply. They

say the government has treated them

inhumanly because they have no more

drinking water in their camp.

Beside in the regions, water crisis also

threatens Jakarta. And this is an inter-

mittent annual disaster agenda for Ja-

karta. The heavy rainfall cannot find

enough entry to underground aquifer

because of the minimum water resorption

areas. And ground water condition of the

remaining areas is very poor. An obser-

vation made to water taken from the wells

of the community of 5 districts of Jakarta

indicates that 90% of the samples have

been contaminated with coli bacteria

from human waste. If this condition pre-

vails, according to Japan Indonesia

Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2010

Jakarta will face a serious water short-age.

AI N R EPO R TM


WSS News Index

The community is in short of clean water

June-July

PDAM Indramayu increases tariff by

66% (30/1)

Waste materials heavily pollutes Siak

river, PDAM is suggested not to con-

tinue processing raw water (3/7)

The population of 16 villages in Demak

is in short of clean water (8/7)

Regarded as legally defective, 16 NGOs

file suit against Law on Water Resour-

ces to Constitution Court (14/7)

Salt water intrusion has reached mid-

town area (20/7)

Blue Oasis City is built on a water re-

sorption area (28/7)

Judicial Review of Law on Water Reso-

urces is submitted to Constitution

Court (29/7)

Proportional Water Sharing to prevent

Absolute Water Spring (22/7)

Extension of TPA Bantar Gebang

approved (10/6)

Local population maintains rejectionagainst disposal site for Jakarta garba-

ge (23/7)

Integrated Waste Disposal at Bojong is

guaranteed environmentally safe

(29/7)

Number of Lakes in Bekasi decreases

continuously (8/6)

Rp. 100 billion for BKT land procure-

ment (24/6)

Mookervaart river, your story today

(28/7).

ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH

Ka le idoscope

DROUGHT


9/56

Prolonged drought that

spread across vast areas

of Indonesia has com-

pelled the government to look for

alternative water sources or ways

how to maintain the existing

reserves. The government, thro-

ugh the Minister of Research and

Technology, Hatta Rajasa, is de-

termined to look for alternative

water sources for fulfilling cleanwater requirement. One exam-

ple is construction of undergo-

und reservoir at Goa Bribin,

Gunung Kidul. Pumping up wa-

ter from Goa Bribin can satisfy the need

for 175 thousand of Gunung Kidul popu-

lation.

Exploitation underground water is

also done in Duwet hamlet of Suci village,

some 40 km south of Wonogiri, Central

Java. A deep well pump was sunk 160 m

below ground and water is pumped up to

satisfy water requirement of 500 familiesin the village. With the well operating the

villagers do not have to walk 7 km to keca-

matan capital to buy water, or to wait for

water tank on the main road which is 1

km from the village.

The effort to look for new water

source is also done through competition.

Arie Herlambang, a researcher from the

Agency for Technological Study and

Application, won Innovative Technology

competition 2004. He was named the

best out of seven finalists with an innova-tion called "Technical Application for the

Treatment of Brackish Water of Peat Soils

into Drinking Water." The inovation is

not just theoretical, it has been success-

fully applied in a transmigration area of

Central Kalimantan which is always in

shortage of clean water. Basically this

equipment consists of a series of filtration

process much longer than the one used in

water supply provider in the cities, and is

combined with desalination unit. The

equipment which costs Rp 350 million is

capable of producing 170 gallons of drink-

able water for every 8 hours of operation.

Water is sold at Rp 3.000 - 5.000 per gal-

lon.

In the meantime, to prevent river se-

dimentation, the Governor of Jakarta,

pleads that the inhabitants of Jakarta not

to throw any waste into the 13 rivers ofthe city. Besides, the city government will

move all the settlement houses built on

the riverbanks. The governor promises

the legal city inhabitant with Jakarta

identication a low priced living quarter in

a flat. One of the rivers that shows

improvement is kali Angke, but a home

work still remains undone, i.e. changing

the water colour from black into clear.

While for flood protection, the go-

vernment is determined to finalise con-

struction the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT)drainage system by 2007. A budget of

almost Rp 2 trillion is allocated for the

construction. The most difficult process

is land procurement because it involves

relatively large pieces of land, about 263

ha in total, all belonging to the communi-

ty. With the functioning of BKT, it is

expected Jakarta will be more manage-

able and reducing inundation of 13 locali-

ties.

In Sumedang, the government will

review the design of Jatigede levee

and dam construction. Department of

Regional Infrastructure and Setlle-

ment Systems (Public Works) is going

to bring head of water level lower so

that the area of inundation will be

reduced. This change means the vol-

ume of the dam will be less and the

service area will also be smaller.

The seed of community threats toclose down the Integrated Water

Treatment facility is growing. The

population from 6 villages of

Kecamatan Kelapanunggal asks the

DPRD Bogor to cancel the Bupati Bogor

letter of decision that grants permit for

the construction of the facility. PT. Wira

Guna Sejahtera, the company to operate

the facility keeps convincing the people

that the solid waste treatment facility is

environmentally safe. (MJ)

WSS News Index

AI N R EPO R T

Looking for Alternative Water Source

M

August

Looking for Water Sources isContinuing (3/8)Unable to Solve Consumers' com-plain, Palyja may face sanction(3/8)Deep well overcomes scarcity ofclean water (5/8)Drought in 4 kabupaten ofBanyumas (10/8)Water Treatment of Peaty SoilsWon Innovation Competition(20/8)

Freedom Yes Freedom, ButWater Scarcity is Water Scarcity(23/8)Water Level in 3 lakes is receding,Cirebon population is threatenedwith dryness (24/8)Three Primary Schools Which ArePolluted With Garbage have Notbeen Moved (2/8)Govt. of Jakarta will proceed withBojong garbage treatment facility(10/8)Self Reliant Garbage Treatment,Not Impossible (31/8).



Ka le idoscope

Need

INULs help?

Calm down.....we will provideArtesian well


10/56

PDAM's short of capacity to pro-

vide service has encouraged the

growth of refillable bottled water

business. The household scale business is

available in almost every street corner.

They sell drinking water at a relatively

cheap price, Rp 2.500 per 4 gallon con-

tainer. This price is much lower than that

of the branded bottled water, which may

be twice as much. The growth of refillablewater depot causes deep concerns to the

branded water companies. Besides, there

are many who question about hygienic

level of this refillable water.

In mass media articles were written

about the facts that some of the water

depots contain e-coli bacteria and may

cause kidney disorder if consumed for a

long duration. This of course makes the

depot owners feel unhappy. Through

their business association (APDAMIN-

DO, association of drinking water suppli-

er and distribution business), they denythe statement and consider it too tenden-

tious and contains some sort of slander.

They demand that the statements be cla-

rified otherwise the refillable business

may suffer defamation.

The small scale water businessmen

admit that they should be developed

given the necessary education about the

importance of hygiene. Therefore, they

must be developed and assisted, rather

than being killed instead through herding

of community opinion to a negativeeffect.

The government of DKI Jakarta

issued a Governor's Letter of Decision No

13 /2004 on the requirement of health

certificate for a drinking water depot.

The certificate describes the procedure of

issuance, recommendation for permit,

and supervision of refillable water busi-

ness. The certificate is the precondition

for obtaining operational permit from

Deperindag (Dept. of Industry and

Trade). The Letter of Decision poses

sanction to businessman who violates the

regulation, beginning from written notice

up to revocation of the operational per-

mit. Apdamindo hailed happily the Letter

of Decision. The say with the Letter of

Decision there is a guarantee for the busi-ness as well as for the community.

PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja of Tange-

rang promises clean water supply for

communities with water shortage. It

made ready 6 water trucks each with

5.000 l capacity. Based on the existing

data, there were 25 villages that were in

shortage of clean water. But not a single

RT/RW requested for any help.

The same step was taken by PDAM

Indramayu. To overcome water shortage,with 8 trucks in operation, PDAM distrib-

uted clean water free to villages upon

request from the respective village head-

man. What the villages need is to prepare

a water reservoir. Each village was sup-

plied with 4 trucks of water each with

4.000 l capacity.

Drought still continues in some other

areas. The communities are still in short

of clean water. This is in Kalimantan,

some parts of Jawa, and Nusa Tenggara.

In the meantime, Medan and its sur-

rounding are under big flood. Rain con-

tinued falling for several days. Hundreds

of homes are under water. This big flood

is a combination of the heavy rainfall and

overflowing from other regions.

Bantar Gebang case flips open again,

after the common agreement between the

governments of DKI Jakarta and Bekasiwas signed last July. The reason is, the

TPA (final disposal ground) is neglected.

The leachate from the mountain of

garbage overflows the ditches into the

community settlement. The company

appointed to manage it seems not ready

to do its job. The government of Bekasi

demands that DKI Jakarta take care of

the problem. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM


Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight

September

WSS News Index

Investment of PDAM Partner isLimited.(1/9)

PAM Jaya Tariff will automaticly

increase every 6 months.(1/9)

Bandung Basin in Water Crisis

Due to Changes in Land Use,

(3/9)

PAM Banjarmasin Relies on Ta-

buk.(21/9)

Clean Water Costs Rp 2.000 per

jerry can.(24/9)

Inhabitants of Mahakam Ri-

verbanks are in shortage of clean

water.(30/9)

Bulak Sindon water Source May

Be Exploited for Business.(30/9)

DKI Jakarta has not sumbmitted

TPA Management system.(7/9)

2005, TPA Cikundul Ceases

Functioning.(14/9)

Flood Swept North Sumatra,

Hundreds of homes under

water.(21/9)


Ka le idoscope

permit

NAUGHT=

CLOSED DOWN

REFILL


11/56

The long dry season that swept vast

areas of Indonesia has left misery

to many people. Critical water

shortage in many areas. The community

of Wanareja, Garut, has no choice but to

use ditch water for consumption. Later it

was found that the water contains a high

number of bacteria. It is not worthy fordrinking even after boiling. It might be

tolerable for handwashing purpose.

The local agency for health has

reminded the people. But what could

they do, clean water supply never comes

by. The only way is to recommend the

people to treat the water with clorine

before consumption. The regional go-

vernment of Garut helps them with a

water filtration device made by ITB. The

Rp 40 million device is hired for two

months. Actually, Cigaruhguy water so-

urce is located in the same area, but basedon local adat law the source can only be

used by two hamlets. The other nine

hamlets can only bite their fingers.

In Martapura, South Kalimantan,

the community of Kecamatan Gambut

who live along handils (manmade

drainage dithches specific of South

Kalimantan) have for 4 months made use

water from wallowing ponds for their

daily consumption. The 2 meter deep

ponds were dug near the handil. Each

pond may produce several pails of yellow-ish and turbid water. Some of the ponds

are located close to a toilet with its nause-

ating odour. The yellowish water is let to

settle and filtered before use.

In Serang, Banten, scores of Suka-

wana and Trondol villages are conta-

minated with diarrhoeal disease. They

are sick because they consumed water

from Bedeng river which is used as

MCK (bath, wash and defecate) and for

animal washing.

Water shortage is also experience in

Kupang, the capital city of NTT. As many

as 550 people have no access to clean

water. Dug wells are drying. The Oepura

water source, the biggest waste source

for the city where PDAM also takes it

water, is also drying up. Long queues are

seen everywhere for 5 litres of water. Thiscondition is made worse because of da-

mage in PDAM distribution pipes.

Similar fate is also experienced by the

citizens of Cirebon. It is slightly better,

though. At least the citizens still have the

benefit of water flow, though they have to

take turn. This is the step PDAM takes so

that no citizen is left out.

Service rotation is also done in Su-

medang, West Java. Water source in

Cipanteneun Cimalaka where PDAM gets

its raw water, is going down. The diffe-

rence from Cirebon is that not all of cus-tomers can get a service. Some home

connections get no water except the

sound of air flow as you turn the tap open.

This condition made it necessary for

PDAM to operate water tanks.

In Cimahi, the community of Cibeber

of Kecamatan Cimahi Selatan demands

that the Cimahi city government put an

end to water exploitation of Lake

Ciseupan; it is sold to industrial compa-

nies. This complaint is caused from the

fact that the Ciseupan area is drying up.Water table in wells drops by 2-3 metres.

No far from that the community of

Braga, city of Bandung file a protest

against the construction of Braga City

Walk (BCW). The community considers

the project disturbs the environment.

They are complaining about the decrease

in groundwater table. The company that

builds the project once promised to com-

pensate the communitty with a water

supply network for them. But the promi-

se remains a promise, and reality is some-

thing different.

In Jakarta, PT. Palyja the water sup-

ply management, complains about deficit

in raw water supply. The normal supply

should stand at 6,2 m3/sec is now down

to only 5,2 m3/sec. Whereas the average

requirement is 5,4 m3/sec. Beside theinsufficient amount, the PAM Jaya part-

ner company also complains about water

quality. It is always turbid. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM


Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond AreSources for Consumption Water

October

WSS News Index

Water Crisis in Kupang still

unsolved. (4/10)

To irrigate agricultutral land,

Kuningan farmers broke

PDAM distribution pipe.

(7/10)

For 4 months thousands ofpeak area community depend

on wallowing pond for water.

(9/10)

According to Sucofindo, Su-

rabaya water is good for

drinking. (11/10)

Integrated Tourism Project

Threatens Water Conser-

vation. (13/10)

PDAM Raw Water Supply

Drops By 200 l/sec. (25/10)

Population of South Su-

kabumi Is Crying for Water.

(25/10)

Population of North Bekasi

Requests Subsidy for Dug

Wells. (27/10)

Population of Wanaraja Still

Depends on Drainage Water.

(27/10)

Polluted, Water from Musi

river is not worthy for drink-

ing. (29/10)

Ka le idoscope


12/56

End of November 2004 was the

culmination of cases with TPST

(Integrated Garbage Disposal

Site) at Bojong, Kecamatan Kelapanung-

gal, Kabupaten Bogor. The local people

held demonstration which ended up with

clashes with police force from Bogor

Resort Police. Five demonstrators were

shot and others were fleeing (hiding).

The actions were already done several

times. There were even rumours that acertain party is behind them. But what is

obvious from field observation, the local

inhabitants question about the negative

impact the TSPT will produce to the envi-

ronment and the placement of the TSPST

is against the spatial planning in which

the area is alloted for housing and settle-

ment. Each time there is a trial the inha-

bitants would come and place barricades

to prevent garbage carrying trucks to en-

ter. Once, the people even drove out the

police chief who tried to make a speech.

They cut trees and place logs and otherheavy materials on the road leading to the

site. It all culminated on 22 November

shortly before noon. The mass attacked

TPST Bojong and inflicted damages and

put fire on some of the asset belonging to

PT, Wira Guna Sejahtera, the managing

company.

The Minister of Environment, Rachmat

Witoelar, could understand the fear the

inhabitants have. But what he regreted was

the community action that caused damages

to the asset while the opportunity for nego-tiation might still be sought for. According

to him, socialization activity must be

undertaken more extensively.

As a result of what has happened ma-

ny parties suggest that TPST Bojong be

temporarily closed. Jakartas governor

emphasized that TPST Bojong will opera-

te, but it has to wait till the conditon is

conducive.

The Environmental Research Centre

of the Institute for Research and Commu-

nity Empowerment IPB sees the Bojong

case as an iceberg of garbage handling

problem in Indonesia. The problem boils

down to the fact that garbage handling of

Jakarta and other cities of Indonesia is

nailed firmly on the old paradigm. The

new paradigm in waste material handling

starts with the of development of policy

and practices that reflect community

based waste material handling through

active involvement of the whole commu-nity, private sector and the scavengers.

The Bojong case seems to tell all the

stakeholders related to waste material

handling to voice out their ideas. Some of

them suggest that the 6 thousand tonnes

of daily Jakarta waste production be

processed into compost. Some even sug-

gest that an incinerator is built in each

divisional region in order to minimize the

burden of TPST. Others strongly defend

using sophisticated technology on ground

that availability of land area is quite li-

mited. Which one is the best? Each hasits argumentation. What is certain is that

for Indonesia, the ideas have never been

tested as 100% suitable. Therefore, it

should at this point we think seriously to

find the best solution. To prevent the

Bojong case re-occur and more victims

falling down.

In the meantime, Tangerang govern-

ment frankly refuses any Jakarta plan to

dump their waste material into its place.

As we know, Jakarta has no more land to

dispose of its waste material. This casemakes us realize that waste material han-

dling requires inter-regional coordination

based on a thorough consideration and

the principle of mutual benefit, including

benefit to the neighbouring community.

And what is more important, at no time

environmental impact analysis may be

neglected. Otherwise, the local popula-

tion will be victimized.

The end of 2004 is coloured with

heavy rains falling all over the country.

Poor drainage has resulted in flooding of

many areas. Jakarta has prepared itself

to face it, including preventing of diar-

rhoeal disease which comes together with

rainy season. But because of poor quality

in drainage construction, many roads are

turning bad due to erosion.

AI N R EPO R TM


Flares at TSPT Bojong

November-December

WSS News Index

Distamben (Agency of Miningand Energy) West Java Built

an Artesian Well at Leulosa

(1/11).

Raw Water for Drinking Must

Not Be Taken From Polluted

River. (5/11)

Water Crisis is Threatening

Jakarta. (22/11)

PDAM Must Pay Compen-

sation for Days without Ser-

vice. (23/11)Automatic Water Tariff will be

reviewed. (29/11)

Local Population Supports

TPST Bojong. (1/11)

Garbage for Compost. (4/11).

Investor is Eyeing Surabaya

Solid waste handling. (9/11)

Mountains of Garbage in the

streets of Jakarta and Tange-

rang. (18/11)

Riot in TPST Bojong, 5demonstrators were shot.

(23/11)

Canals are still being used as

garbage dump. (21/11)

East Jakarta government fears

BKT land procurement be

taken over. (10/11)

Be careful with diseases dur-

ing the rainy season. (12/11)

Ka l e id oscope


13/56

The National Policy for the

Development of Water Supply

and Environmental Sanitation is

using two approaches, community based

and institutionally based. The communi-

ty based has reached the stage of field

implementation in 2004. Its sister, the

institutionally based is in the stage of

deliberation. Early 2005 the sister policy

is scheduled to be finalised and is ready

for dissemination.Looking into their formulation, the

institutionally based in faster than the

community based. The workshop on the

draft of theis policy was conducted in

September and the process up to final for-

mulation in December 2004. The com-

pletion process is considered an impor-

tant momentum, because it will reflect

consistence and decisive character of the

overall WSS development policy frame-

work. To this end, 4 teams were formed,

each is given a responsibility to deal with

one sub-sector: Drinking Water Team

Wastewater Team

Solid Waste Team

Drainage Team

And there are also sub-teams dealing

with environmental, financial, institu-

tional, and social aspects. All these work

teams make up the core work team for theinstitutionally based policy formulation,

which is responsible not only for revising

the existing draft but also to enrich it with

environmental sanitation component in

order to have a balanced treatment

among the sub-sectors.

Since the September workshop in

Bogor, the Working Group has been con-

ducting a series of meetings for the com-

pletion of the Institutional Policy draft.

Discussion took place in either sector

team or in plenum.At the same time there happens syn-

chronization of policies produced by

other planning agencies such Public

Works and the Ministry of Environment

(KLH). Public Works has produced

National Action Plan for drinking water,

waste water and solid waste. While KLH

has produced a national polcy for solid

waste management.

Workshops I and II were conducted

in seriatim involving all the related sec-

tors. The draft is always updated by the

consultant under the supervision of

WASPOLA Secretariat and direction of

the Working Group until the completionof draft #3 which is expected to be the

AI N R EPO R T

National Policy for the Development of Institutionally Based WaterSupply And Environmental Sanitation,

An Egg About To Hatch

M

Expansion of service coverage with

priority given to poor families (pro

poor)

Maintain balance between the demand

for WSS development and the environ-mental carrying capacity (eco-link)

Impove involvement of all stakehol-

ders in WSS development (all out)

Optimizing the principle of proper

management with cost recovery (good

corporate governance)

Enforce law effectively (law enforce-

ment)

Develop inter-regional and inter-

agency coordination in WSS develop-

ment (regionalization)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

National Policy for InstitutionallyBased WSS Development

Increase service coverage and quality

level gradually from clean water to

drinking water

Improve access to drinking water faci-

lity with priority given to the poor fa-

milies and low access areas

Community empowerment in taking

benefit from drinking water, in a rea-

sonable mannerControl to drinking water consumption

through tariff and regulation instru-

ment

Increase the role of government, com-

munity, and private sector in raw water

management

Application of the principle of entre-

preneurship and cost recovery in the

management of drinking water in gua-

ranteeing the basic human need

Increase investment opportunity for

the provision of drinking water service

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Drinking Water Sector Policy

FOTO:OSWAR MUNGKASA


Ka le idoscope


14/56

final draft. This draft will be submitted to

Central Project Committee (CPC) meeting

for approval.

Though it has come to draft #3, it does

not mean that the activities related to the

policy formulation have come to an end.

There are several support activities that

have not taken place, they are:

Study on laws and regulations related

to water supply and environmental

sanitation, such Law on Water Reso-urces, Government Regulation on

Drinking Water, Law on Decentra-

lization, Law of Public Company, etc.

Enrichment of insight on the subject

of public policy.

The above activities could not take

place due to the hectic schedule of the

Working Group. These support activities

are actually independent activities for thepurpose of providing input and reference

for the working teams, therefore the acti-

vities are stil l relevant while the

Institutional Policy formulation is still on-

going. It is almost certain that the egg

called National Policy for the De-

velopment of Institutionally Based Water

Supply and Environmental Sanitation is

going to hatch. However, revision andimprovement can be neglected. We'll

wait. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM


Reducing the amount of waste as

much as possible beginning from its

source

Encourage the role and active partici-

pation of the community as partner in

waste material management

Strengthening the capacity of solid

waste management institution

Develop partnership with private sec-

tor in solid waste management

Improve level of service to gradually

achieve the national target

Application, step by step, the principle

of cost recovery

Effective law enforcement

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Policy Related to Solid Waste

Encourage integration drinking water sector with wastewater sector

Wastewater management is conducted in consideration of environmental conservation

The community must have access to an acceptable drainage facility and infrastructure

Priority in placed on provision of access to poor community

Wastewater management is undertaken by an institution specially assigned to do this

service

Increase the role of government, private sector and community in wastewater mana-

gement

Application, step by step, the principle of cost recovery in wastewater management

Effective law enforcement in order to prevent pollution of water source

Policy Related to Wastewater

Management of drainage system is un-

dertaken by the government, private

sector, and community based on the

hierarchy of the drainage system

Drainage system is developed to sup-

port balance in water system

Drainage management is based on the

priority of population density and

poverty

1.

2.

3.

Policy Related to Drainage Sector

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

SOURCE:OSWAR MUNGKASA

Ka le idoscope


15/56

June 2003. The National Policy for

the Development of Community

Based Water Supply and Environ-

metal Sanitation (WSS) was born. The

policy was approved by 6 echelon I offi-

cials of 5 government departments. Tho-

se who signed the document were Ir. Su-

yono Dikun, PhD, (Deputy Minister for

Infrastructure and Facility Development,

Bappenas), Prof. Dr. Umar Fahmi Ach-madi, MPH, PhD (Director General for

Contagious Diseases and Environmental

Sanitation, Dept. of Health), Ir. Budiman

Arief, (Director General for Urban Plan-

ning and Rural Planning, Dept of Public

Works), Drs. Seman Widjojo, Msi.

(Director General for Regional Develop-

ment, Dept. of Home Affairs), Dr. Ardi

Partadinata, Msi (Director General for

Village and Community Empowerment,

Dept. of Home Affairs ), and Dr. Machfud

Siddik, MSc. (Director General for Ba-

lance in Central and Regional Finacing,Dept. of Finance).

Before the signing, the policy which

was formulated by Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation (WSS) Wor-

king Group has undergone several field

trials. The regions selected for the trial

were Kabupaten Solok (West Sumatera),

Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin (South

Sumatera), Kabupaten Subang (West

Java), and Kabupaten East Sumba

(Nusa Tenggara Timur, NTT). These tri-

als gave a clear indication that the regionsare willing and capable of adopting the

policy.

And it was timely in 2004 for putting

the policy into real operation. Consi-

dering the limitation in the part of the

central government, however, the policy

cannot be implemented all at once

throughout the country. There needs to

have a stepwise process. Then in January

2004 a workshop was organized to deve-

lop a strategy for the implementation of

national policy for the community based

WSS development. This workshop pro-

duced criteria for site selection and the

related instruments needed. Besides, the

participants also agreed to develop a de-

tail implementation plan for 2004. The

agreed activities were directed towards

marketing/promotion, advocacy, facilita-

tion, consultation, and implementation.

In early 2004 the WSS WorkingGroup sent offering letter to provincial

and kabupaten/kota governments. There

were 14 kabupaten and 13 provinces

expressed their interest. The Working

Group then made selection based on the

letter of interest and regional commit-

ment. Approval was given to seven pro-

vinces, namely West Sumatera, Bangka

Belitung, Banten, Central Java, South Su-

lawesi, Gorontalo, Nusa Tenggara Barat

(NTB), and seven kabupaten: Sijunjung,

South Bangka, Lebak, Kebumen, Pang-

kajene, Gorontalo, and West Lombok.Before the policy was brought to the

field for a real application, several pre-

paratory activities were made. One of

them was conducting a worskhop at the

end of May on the understanding of the

national policy and the process of imple-

mentation facilitation at the regional

level. This workshop was aimed to shed a

light on the regional facilitator candidates

what the policy is all about and at the

same time also developing a detailed

work plan for the regional level imple-mentation facilitation activity. Before

this the facilitator candidates have also

attended an orientation course on

Methodology for Participatory Assess-

ments (MPA), a methodology for commu-

nity approach based on the principle of

demand responsiveness. This is the me-

thodology to be adopted in the national

policy for the community based WSS

development.

In mid June 2004, the implementati-

on facilitation of national policy for thecommunity based WSS development

began rolling in the participating regions.

One by one of the facilitators were mobi-

lized to their respected home bases. One

facilitator was placed in each province to

cover the job in the provice and the

respected kabupaten. There were seven

of them in all. They were supported and

were under the coordination of WASPO-

LA secretariat and the WSS Working

Group.

Up to July 2004 the activities in theregions consisted of: coordination in the

preparatory activity towards the policy

implementation, and public presentation

of the program in each province and

kabupaten. The activities were conducted

by each of the regional government and

were facilitated by the respective facili-

tators.

The preparatory activity was preceded

with inter-agency coordination consisting

of Bappeda, Agency for Health, Kimpras-

AI N R EPO R T

2004, the Year of Implementation of NationalPolicy for the Development of Community Based

Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation

M

NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

OF COMMUNITY BASED WATER SUPPLY AND

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

Water is a social good and an eco-

nomic good

Informed choice as basis for demand

responsive approach

Environmentally sensitive develop-

ment

Hygiene behaviour education

Pro poor development

Role of women in decision making

Accountability in development

process

Government role as facilitator

Active community participation

Optimum service and right target

Application of cost recovery princi-

ple

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.


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16/56

wil/Public Works, Community Empower-ment Agency, for the purpose of intro-

ducing and further clarification of the

program planning. In general all the re-

gions were supporting eagerly and each of

them prepared their own facilitators and

the necessary support equipment. All ex-

cept in one Kabupaten of the facilitatrors

are housed in the office of Bappeda. The

latter was placed in the office of Public

Works.

Beside the abovementioned support,

the regional government also allocatedfund for the policy implementation.

However, in the majority of the regions

the fund was not yet made available, the-

refore it had to be found from the annual

budget. The regions that had allocated

some fund from the very beginning were

kabupatens Sijunjung, Gorontalo, Bangka

Selatan and West Lombok.

Meanwhile, the facilitator identified the

agencies and NGOs related to WSS develop-

ment. The identification produced a list of

names for participation in Orientation TOT

on MPA and Policy Implementationorganinized by WSS Working Group at

Cisarua, Bogor, on 13-16 July 2004.

The regional facilitators and stake-

holders also collected data on water sup-

ply and environmental sanitation. These

data were used for discussion material in

the regional workshop for the formulation

of WSS development plan. All the regions

came to realize about the problem of data

insufficiency. That is why, data prepara-

tion should be given a sufficient time

frame.

Program presentation

The presentation agenda consisted of:

(i) general picture of policy formulation

program; (ii) the basic principles underly-

ing the national policy for community

based WSS development; (iii) policy

implementation facilitation process at the

regional level; (iv) discussion and clarifi-

cation; and (v) common agreement for a

short term work plan. In general all the

participating regions gave a positive

response to the work plan and began to

understand that sustainable WSS deve-

lopment is an important issue and deser-

ves serious attention. The short term

agenda consisted of among others esta-

blishment of a working team, selection of

participants for Orientation TOT in MPAand Policy Implementation.

Other matters that called for clarifica-

tion from the facilitors were:

There was some sort of misunderstan-

ding that this program would be fol-

lowed with a physical project. This

understanding was based on the tra-

dition that each program was always

identical with physical project.

The absence of DPRD (legislative) repre-

sentatives. Whereas this office plays an

utmost important role in supporting andfollowing up the WSS activities.

Uncertainty in fund allocation in seve-

ral regions such as Central Java, West

Sumatera, NTB, Gorontalo and South

Sulawesi.

MPA Orientation TOT and Policy

Implementation

All participating regions sent partici-

pants, Banten even sent one and Goron-

talo two additional participants than they

were initially told to do. Two participantsfrom Bangka Belitung failed to show up

for transport reason.

In general, the participants were en-

thusiastic in following the training. They

also prepared their own planning for the

policy implementation for further discus-

sion with their own superiors.

Regional level workshops

Workshop after workshop took place

in the seven provinces and seven kabu-

patens. The purpose was to help theregions to work out a regional policy

famework and action plan for WSS sector

development. This activity included:

Review of the national policy for commu-

nity based WSS development by the re-

gions

Identification of issues and problems

related to said development

Study on the factors rensponsible for suc-

cess and failure of WSS development in

each region

Policy dialogues for the purpose of buil-

ding interest and care within the variousparties for the effort in overcoming the

issues and poblems related to WSS deve-

lopment

Preparation regional level action plan

Disemination of the policy to all kabu-

patens conducted by the province.

Up to this point all the participating

provinces and kabupatens have conduct-

ed the review of the policy principles

involving a wide range of stakeholders,

through regional workshops, and were

summarized into a common perception,challenges and efforts to be undertaken.

Visits were also made to projects which

are considerd successful as also to those

which met with a failure in order to find out

what are the factors behind each of them and

to learn a lesson from them for a sustainable

development in the future. What is more

important is several regions have started to

ponder on WSS program for 2005. Will the

policy be really put to practice? We'll wait

till next year. (MJ)

AI N R EPO R TM


Water Supply and EnvironmentalSanitation Policy Formulationand Action Planning (WASPOLA)

Project was implemented under the

leadership of the Indonesian govern-

ment through an inter-departmental

(Bappenas, Dept. Home Affairs,

Dept. Settlemnet and Regional

Infrastructures, Dept. Health, and

Dept. Finance) working group

chaired by Bappenas, with a majori-

ty grant fund provided by the Aus-

tralian government through AusAID

and a direct support from Water and

Sanitation Program for East Asia and

the Pacific (WSP-EAP) on behalf of

AusAID and the World Bank

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17/56

In 2004 WASPOLA conducted anumber of activities deducted

from the tripartite: Indonesian

government, AusAID and WSP-

Worldbank workplan 2004. The activi-

ties were grouped into 4 categories: poli-

cy implementation, policy reform, know-

ledge management and project manage-

ment. The following the the summary of

WASPOLA activities during 2004:

JANUARY

Workshop on development of region-al level implementation strategy. Con-

ducted on the 14th day of the month at

Mariot Hotel, Jakarta. 27 participants

consisted of representatives from

WASPOLA Working Group, WSP-EAP

and AusAID. The workshop concluded

an agreement about implementation

strategy and action plan, which provided

a role to the province to facilitate the

kabupaten.

FEBRUARYTraining of trainers for workshop on

achieving Millenium Development Goals.

Held on the 10th-11th day at Hotel

Sheraton Bandara, Jakarta. Attended by

22 participants consisting of WASPOLA

Working Group, WSP-EAP and WASPO-

LA secretariate representatives. This

workshop provides training to facilitator

candidates for MDGs workshop imple-

mentation. This event was facilitated by

members of the Working Group and

WSP-EAP who have attended similar

training in Laos.National workshop on achieving

MDGs through drinking water and envi-

ronmental sanitation action plan.

Conducted at Hotel Sheraton bandara on

17th-19th. Attended by 62 participants

from the central government, regional

governments, professional associations,

universities, NGOs, donor agencies, and

mass media. This workshop produced a

sharing of viewpoints among the stake-

holders about the importance of improve-

ment of knowledge about MDGs targets,and a sinergy among the stakeholders in

achieving MDGs.

MARCHNational workshop on National Policy

for Community Based Development

implementation (Selection of participa-

ting regions). Held at the Hyatt Hotel

Yogyakarta on 10-12 March 2004.

Attended by 55 regional participants

coming from 14 kabupaten and 13

provinces, 15 participants from the cen-tral level, 8 regional facilitator candi-

dates, and WASPOLA secretariat and

WSP-EAP. It was agreed in the workshop

the selection criteria for participating

regions, and the requirements that must

be met by the participating regions.

APRILConfirmation of regions that were

interested in joining the policy imple-

mentation. It was done through tele-

phone calls and regional visits.

MAYOrientation seminar of Methodology

for Participatory Assessments (MPA) for

drinking water and environmental sani-

tation development. Held in Hotel Lido,

Sukabumi on 10th-13th of May. Attended

by 32 participants consisting of WASPO-

LA Working Group, government of Kab.

Sukabumi, regional facilitators, and

WSP-EAP. This event is an annual rou-

tine with the purpose to provide an

understanding about MPA methodologyto new members of WASPOLA, and a

refresher for the old ones. Besides, it also

serves as provision for the regional facili-

tators who will soon assume their job

about the participatory methodology as

the tool for policy facilitation.

Workshop for the development of

work plan in policy facilitation imple-

mentation of the National Policy for

Community Based WSS Development at

the regional level. Conducted at the Hotel

Plaza Purwakarta on 24-27 May. At-tended by 25 participants consisting of

regional facilitators, WASPOLA secretari-

at and Working Group. This workshop

produced a detailed work plan for the re-

gional level policy implementation, in-

cluding facilitator performance indicator.

JUNEMobilization of regional facilitators.

The process went gradually in accordance

with the preparedness of the respective

region. Seven facilitators, each one forKabupatens Sawahlunto Sijunjung (West

Sumatera), South Bangka (Bangka Beli-

tung), Lebak (Banten), Kebumen (Central

Java), Pangkep (South Sulawesi), and

Gorontalo (Gorontalo). Within this

month some of regions were already

beginning to conduct workshop/meeting

with the respective stakeholders to

inform and discuss about the dissemina-

tion activity, each one of them was

attended by WASPOLA representative.

JULYWorkshop for review of WASPOLA

acitivies. Held at Hotel Novus Puncak

on 6-8 July. There were 25 participants

attending the workshop consisting of

WASPOLA Working Group and Secre-

tariat. This workshop identified the

priority, and those activities that wait

or even cancelled alltogether, and pos-

sible insertion of new activities. The

priority included completion of the

National Policy for Institutionally

Based WSS Development, while thosethat could wait were case studies and

field trials.

Workshop for socialization of Natio-

nal Policy for Community Based WSS

Development at the provincial and kabu-

paten levels. Conducted in all participa-

ting regions.

AUGUSTParticipation in Nusantara Water Ex-

po which was conducted at Jakarta Hilton

AI N R EP OR T

Glimpses of WASPOLA Activities 2004

M


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Convention Centre on 19-20 August. In

this event WASPOLA Working Groupsupported by the secretariate organized a

display of all the products, printed and

electronic, that it has accomplished.

Appoximately 200 visitors made a visit to

WASPOLA stand.

Information workshop seminar for

introducing National Policy for Com-

munity Based WSS Development at the

Provincial and Kabupaten Levels. This

served as a means to build an interest and

care among the regional level stakehol-

ders about the issues and problems thatwill be faced in WSS development.

SEPTEMBERWorkshop for the development of

draft #2 of National Policy for Insti-

tutionally Based WSS Development. Held

at Hotel Salak Bogor on 1-2 September. It

was attended by 65 participants repre-

senting the Working Group, regional

governments, service providers (PDAM,

PDAL, PD/Dinas Kebersihan), private

sector, NGO, universities, and donor

agencies. The meeting agreed on severalconcensus in restructuring of the existing

draft. In addition, it was also identified

the general and sub-sector policies, and

indicative strategies.

Indepth studies about regional WSS

development through a series of case

studies, best practices discussion, and

dialogues. These activities were orga-

nized by the respective regional WSS

working teams, the provincial as well as

kabupaten levels.

OCTOBERPreparation of WASPOLA Workplan

2005. Conducted at Hotel Mariot Jakarta

on 20-21 October and attended by 25 mem-

bers of WASPOLA Working Group. The

meeting produced a draft of WASPOLA

activities for 2005. Basically, workplan

2005 is a continuation from what has been

started in 2004, the focus will be the imple-

mentation of the National Policy for

Community Based WSS Development and

the regional level, dissemination and com-

pletion of National Policy for InstitutionallyBased WSS Development.

Coordination of WSS development

activities in Indonesia. Conducted at

Hotel Borobudur on 21 October, con-

cluded with fast breaking event. Attended

by 62 participants coming from

Bappenas, Dept. of Public Works/Kim-

praswil, Dept. of Health, International

NGOs, regional government association,

Perpamsi, DPRD association, related pro-

jects, mass media, and WSP-EAP. In the

event the WASPOLA Working Group pre-sented the National Policy for Community

Based WSS Development, and pleaded

that the event be continued in order to

strengthen coordination to eventually

reach the highest efficiency in WSS facili-

ty development in Indonesia.

Indepth studies about regional WSS

development through a series of case stu-

dies, best practices discussion, and dia-

logues. These activities were organized by

the respective regional WSS working teams,

the provincial as well as kabupaten levels.

NOVEMBERPolicy dissemination implementation

study. For the details please see About

WASPOLA.

Dissemination of National Policy for

Community Based WSS Development bythe Province. The province of South Su-

lawesi conducted dissemination in three

kabupaten, while the provinces West

Sumatera, Bangka Belitung and NTB did

it for the whole province at once.

DECEMBERWorkshop for development of draft

#3 of National Policy for Institutionally

Based WSS Development, held at Hotel

Sheraton Bandara on 1-3 December. This

event was attended by 35 participantsconsisting of representatives from region-

al government, service provider (PDAM,

PDAL, PD/Dinas Kebersihan), private

sector, NGO, WSP-EAP. In this workshop

the participants were given a better

understanding about the purpose of the

policy, and several important terminolo-

gies and enrichment of each sub-sector

policy.

Final kabupaten and provincial work-

shop in the implementation of national

policy for community based WSS deve-

lopment. The purpose of this workshopwas to review the implementation during

the period of facilitation activity by

WASPOLA Secretariat, and the post faci-

litation action plan.

AI N R EPO R TM


Postponed Activities 2004Considering the hectic schedule

there are several activities that had to be

put aside, they were:

Trial with KfW/GTZ project. This

activity was postponed indefinitely.

Trial with UNICEF-West Java wascancelled because there was no

more applicable project for the

activity. Trial with WSLIC-2 project

was postponed to 2005 and is

revised into sanitation funding

study.

Data verification and management

study is postponed to 2005.

Central Project Committee meeting

scheduled for December 2004 is

postponed to early 2005.

Planned Activities for 2005WASPOLA acticities of 2005 are fo-

cused on dissemination of national policy

for community and institutionally based

WSS development. The dissemination of

the policy will follow the existing pattern,

i.e. placing province as the facilitator forkabupaten implementation.

WASPOLA has developed a communi-

cation strategy that serves a umbrella for

all communication activity in the context of

WSS especially national policy for WSS

development. To accelerate policy adop-

tion, trial activities involving the relevant

parties will be organized. Studies will also

be conducted in order to gain a lesson and

input for improvement of WSS develop-

ment in Indonesia.

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1.

2.

3.


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The purpose of this program is to

enable the community to operate

and maintain their own water

supply system. ProAir -a collaborative

effort between the German and In-

donesian government- applies

demand responsive approach:

community groups may request for

support from the program to over-

come their problems related to

water supply. The task of the com-munity together with ProAir team

is to develop a suitable manage-

ment structure, and to guarantee a

sustainable management of the

water supply system they have

been dreaming of. After conduc-

ting analysis about the community

condition from the technical (water

sopurce, coverage area, etc.) as well

as socio-economic aspects, then

the community is facilitated with

planning and developing an appro-

priate water supply system.The community is given infor-

mation about the choices of water

supply service (such as public

water taps, home connection) and

the consequences of each of their

choice, especially in connection

with requirement and operational

cost related to the different cho-

ices. This project involves the large

community from the very initial

preparation, something quite fore-

ign to them. It is not surprising that thecommunity is unprepared and the imple-

mentation schedule for 2004 was de-

layed.

The strategy applied by ProAir:

1. Determining Service Coverage Zones

and Management

Allthough the size of participating

community is relatively small (500 to

1.000 people), this number is still to large

-in the context of mutual confidence

among them- because in some cases the

community is highly segmentized. The-

refore, ProAir introduces zoning in water

supply system pre-design. These smaller

areas are generally made up

Documents

Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK December 2004 Kaleidoscope 2004