Industrial-Organizational psychology in the Americas: Past & future trends

Harold Takooshian, APA International Psychology

Overview

1. International origins of scientific 2. today: indigenous (193) + specialized (52)

3. I-O today in the North America today

4. Origins of I-O in North America

5. I-O today in South v North America

6. The future of U.S. I-O : 3 trends

7. Conclusion

1a. International origins of

1879 Wundt: Germany

1881 Ochorowicz: Poland

1889 International Exposition: France

1b. Paris international expo 1889 !

1c. International

• By 1889 had developed many specialties covering specialty areas (criminal studies, education, psychopathology, psychophysics, therapy) and phenomena (amnesia, hypnosis, hallucinations, learning, perception).

• In 1889 several scholars and scientists decided to hold the International Congress of Physiological in Paris.

2a. : Indigenous and specialized

Indigenous: National (193 nations)1885 Russia (125th anniversary in 2010)1892 USA (APA)

Specialized: In every nationIn APA, 54 divisions. Division 52 (1997)=

International Division 14 (1945)= I-O

3. I-O today in North America

4 I-O areas today in SIOP

(Society for I-O ):

1. Personnel : Fit the person to the organizationWho to recruit, select, train, assess, promote

2. Organizational : Fit the organization to the person3. Human factors: Ergonomics, engineering 4. Consumer behavior: Reach outside the organization

(Advertising, marketing)

4a. Origins of I-O in North AmericaPersonnel James McKeen Cattell

1890 “mental tests” 1921 Psychological

Corporation1917 Military

(Goddard)

Human factors1909 “time-motion studies”F.W. Taylor, F+L. Gilbreth

4b. Origins of I-O in North America

Consumer behavior1901 Walter Dill Scott1903 of advertising

Organizational 1927-39 Hawthorne studies

(Elton Mayo)1960 Human enterprise

Douglas McGregorHRM = “Labor ” shift

4. Growth of I-O : South v North America

South America: None

1984 Universidad d’Atacama

Abel Gallardo, MS

http://abelgallardo.tripod.com

North America:

1987: Society for I-O Psychology

www.siop.org 4,000 of 84,000

demand, salaries, growth (NYC 2007)

5a. 3 future trends in U.S. I-O

APA I-O Psychology Handbook (S. Zedeck, 2011)

1. Human Relations Movement (HRM):

Ways to humanize the corporation

2. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

3. Predicting counterproductive behaviors (CPB)

5b. HRM: Target Corporation• HOW CAN TARGET PROMOTE ITS EMPLOYEES’ WELFARE?ANNE TAKOOSHIAN: TARGET “TEAM” H.R. (HUMAN RESOURCES)

• “360-degree feedback:” assessing job satisfaction,annual Employee Attitude Surveys

• Employee wellness: Physical & mental health, EAP• Counseling: finances, family, career development• Insurance: Home, car, life, health, pension• Community involvement: volunteers, social activities,

TCOE 1%,

5b. Org. citizenship behaviors

• PROMOTING POSITIVE IN ORGANIZATIONS?

• tests: Shift from clinical to I-O

• Assessing job satisfaction: JDI, MSQ…

• OCQ, Org. Commitment (Porter, 1979)

• OCB, Org. citizenship (Podsakoff, 2000)

5c. Counterproductive behaviors

• CAN ORGANIZATIONS AVOID CPBs?

• tests: Shift from clinical to I-O

• Dependent personality (drugs, alcohol)

• Dishonesty

• Lateness, absence, malingering

• Violence, anger, conflict

Thank you !

• Professor Alexander Voronov !

• Professor Evgeny Osin !

• Professor Valentin Spivakovsky !

• Anne W.S. Takooshian !

125 years of International :IAAP, Paris, 8-13 July 2014

International in New York City:March 1-4, 2013, EPA conference