Industrial Parks for Aquaculture Industrial Parks for Aquaculture –– now launched in Spainnow launched in Spain

Victor Victor ØØiestadiestad –– Dr. Phil.Dr. Phil.AkvaplanAkvaplan--nivaniva -- NorwayNorway

SpanishSpanish officeoffice

IndustrialIndustrialProductionProductionCentresCentres for for

SeafoodSeafoodlaunchedlaunched in 1992 in 1992 –– front front ofof a a fourfour--

pagespages folderfolder

M

ReRe--launchinglaunchingIPCSIPCS oror IPAIPA

duringduringAquaNorAquaNor--19951995

THE FIRST PLAN FOR 25 THE FIRST PLAN FOR 25 IPAsIPAs IN IN GALICIA GALICIA

((MarchMarch 2005)2005)

A SECOND PLAN FOR 26 A SECOND PLAN FOR 26 IPAsIPAs

PLAN GALEGO DE ACUICULTURA (REVISIÓN DO PLAN SECTORIAL DOS

PARQUES DE TECNOLOXÍA ALIMENTARIA)(DOCUMENTO PARA INFORMACIÓN)

JULY 2007JULY 2007

INDUSTRIAL PARKS FOR INDUSTRIAL PARKS FOR AQUACULTUREAQUACULTURE SUITED FOR SUITED FOR NICHENICHE

SPECIES & FISH JUVENILESSPECIES & FISH JUVENILES

NICHE SPECIESNICHE SPECIESFLATFISH (TURBOT, SOLE, HALIBUT)FLATFISH (TURBOT, SOLE, HALIBUT)

HIGH VALUE DEMERSAL FISH SPECIESHIGH VALUE DEMERSAL FISH SPECIESHIGH VALUE PELAGIC FISH SPECIESHIGH VALUE PELAGIC FISH SPECIES

JUVENILESJUVENILESPREPRE--SMOLT SALMONIDESSMOLT SALMONIDES

SEASEA--BASS, SEABASS, SEA--BREAM, COD AND BREAM, COD AND COMMODITY SPECIES IN GENERALCOMMODITY SPECIES IN GENERAL

An illustration from SpainAn illustration from SpainStolt Sea Farm (PRODEMAR, Galicia) produced Stolt Sea Farm (PRODEMAR, Galicia) produced about 4,000 tons of turbot in 2006 at 8 to 12 Euro per about 4,000 tons of turbot in 2006 at 8 to 12 Euro per kg with a final profit of 3 Euro per kg.kg with a final profit of 3 Euro per kg.

12 million Euro in profit in 200612 million Euro in profit in 2006

ConclusionConclusion: Niche production could be lucrative for : Niche production could be lucrative for both small both small -- and large enterprises (like SSF)and large enterprises (like SSF)

Is niche species production lucrative?Is niche species production lucrative?

LOS MOLLES LOS MOLLES –– CHILECHILESTARTING POINT FOR AN STARTING POINT FOR AN IPAIPA

TURBOT AND ABALONE

Planning of Planning of Industrial Parks for Industrial Parks for AquacultureAquacultureby by AkvaplanAkvaplan--nivanivaand NIVA:and NIVA:-- TjeldbergoddenTjeldbergodden-- KKåårstrstøø-- RubbestadRubbestad-- MongstadMongstad-- MelkMelkøøyaya

HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE PRODUCTION HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE PRODUCTION WITHIN WITHIN IPAsIPAs??

BY HYPERBY HYPER--INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY --AS THIS SOLE FARMAS THIS SOLE FARM

SUITED FOR PELAGIC AND BENTHIC SUITED FOR PELAGIC AND BENTHIC SPECIESSPECIES

SUITED FOR HALIBUT TO 15 KG IN SUITED FOR HALIBUT TO 15 KG IN SHALLOW RACEWAYSSHALLOW RACEWAYS –– FOUR FOUR

LEVELS (TUSTNA KVEITE)LEVELS (TUSTNA KVEITE)

SUITED FOR TURBOT IN SHALLOW SUITED FOR TURBOT IN SHALLOW RACEWAYS SIX LEVELS RACEWAYS SIX LEVELS -- GALICIAGALICIA

PRINCIPAL DRAWING OF PRINCIPAL DRAWING OF SHALLOW SHALLOW RACEWAY SYSTEMRACEWAY SYSTEM

THE THE FIRSTFIRST SHALLOW RACEWAY WITH SHALLOW RACEWAY WITH 120,000 TURBOT JUVENILES 120,000 TURBOT JUVENILES

(LMC (LMC -- ØØYGARDEN 1988)YGARDEN 1988)

NORWAY MARINE CULTURENORWAY MARINE CULTURE ––TJELDBERGODDEN TJELDBERGODDEN –– A FAILUREA FAILURE

▲INCORRECT USE OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF ALL TYPES

▼CORRECT USE HIGH DENSITY AND SELF-

CLEANING

IPAsIPAs IN GALICIA: RESULTSIN GALICIA: RESULTS WITHWITHCONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGYCONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY vsvs HYPERHYPER--

INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGYINTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY

Land allocated or needed -

hectares

Tonnes/year

Value (8€/KG)x Mill €

Employees(Directly)

Value€/m2

PGA 320 22,500 180 750 60

HI TechnologySame production 32 22,500 180 450 600

HI Technology 100,000 tonnes 150 100,000 800 1800 550HI TechnologyAll land used 320 220,000 1760 4400 550

SpeciesSpecies testedtestedTYPE OF FISH SIZE RANGE(GRAM)

DENSITY (g/l or % bottom cover)

COMM/TEST

FLATFISHHALIBUT 0.1 – 15,000 100-300% CTURBOT 0.1 – 10,000 100-400% C

DOVER SOLE 0.1 - 500 100-200% CSENEGAL SOLE 0.1 - 500 100-200% T

CALIFORNIA HALIBUT 0.05 - 10 100% TWINTER FLOUNDER 0.05 - 10 <100% T

BENTHICSPOTTED WOLFFISH 0.2 – 20,000 500 g/l CCOMMON WOLFFISH 0.2 – 5,000 500 g/l T

LUMPSUCKER 0.05 - 50 100 g/l TDEMERSAL

COD 0.05 - 50 230 g/l TWHITE SEABASS 0.05 - 30 100 g/l T

SEA-BREAM 0.02 - 20 300 g/l TPELAGIC

SALMON (PRE-SMOLT) 0.2 - 60 550 g/l T

DENSITY TEST OF SEADENSITY TEST OF SEA--BREAM IN BREAM IN SRS SRS -- FROM 2 TO 15 GRAMFROM 2 TO 15 GRAM

DENSITY

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

08.09

.200

610

.09.2

006

12.09

.200

614

.09.2

006

16.09

.200

618

.09.2

006

20.09

.200

622

.09.2

006

24.09

.200

626

.09.2

006

28.09

.200

630

.09.2

006

02.10

.200

604

.10.2

006

06.10

.200

608

.10.2

006

10.10

.200

612

.10.2

006

14.10

.200

616

.10.2

006

18.10

.200

620

.10.2

006

GR/

L

75125225300CONTROL

Final densities in brackets

Test group25 75 (82)

Test group50 150 (167)

Test group75 225 (209)

Test group100 300 (280)

Control groups5 20 (22)

Number of fish 1250 2500 3750 5000 5000 x 2Final weight (g) 15.6 15.9 13.3 13.3 11.9 & 13.0

Advantages of the Shallow Raceway System (SRS) compared with Conventional Tank System (CTS)

1. SRS demands far less coastal land than conventional farming technology (depending on the number of levels it can be about 20% for the same biomass production as with conventional tank system = CTS [assuming 8 levels]); and it

need for the same reason a far smaller building for the same biomass; these are the two main investment gains from the SRS.

2. SRS can be built at some distance from the coast since its needs for water replacement will normally be lower –estimated to down to 30% of conventional system.

3. SRS will demand less people as many functions will be robotized - for a big farm (>1000 tons) estimated to about 50 – 70 % of the staff at a CTS of same production capacity.

4. SRS design can more easily be fish-friendly – takes care of animal welfare-aspects - and operator-friendly.5. SRS can be installed as modules – called “towers” - in pace with the increase in biomass to reduce start-up costs, so

the initial number of fish can be that of the full-sized farm.6. The enterprise can step-by-step increase its efficiency and thus profit from a lasting gain in productivity.

7. SRS is flexible with respect to choice of species to be farmed – as pelagic and benthic-pelagic fish species can be farmed in the system as well.

8. The use of floating pellets and moveable screens in the tanks in SRS makes it possible to keep high fish density through the system at any time and at any size - with about 300% cover of bottom – thus offer an overall 30% higher

standing biomass for the same tank surface as with CTS.9. The use of floating pellets in SRS may reduce FCR with 10% so less feed is needed for the same weight gain.

10. The gain in fish biomass per m² tank is expected to be higher in shallow raceway, mostly due to an overall higher standing fish biomass in SRS/m² then in CTS; the specific growth rate may also be higher due to easy access to

floating pellets. The net biomass gain will be in favor of the SRS.11. Survival rates in SRS will be the same as in CTS or better - unless something peculiar happens in one of the

systems.12. SRS is easy to connect to any water source and it is easy to reuse or re-circulate the water; in a flow-through system with reuse at the same level or between levels, the SRS will use about 30% of the water used in the CTS in

biomass equivalent (l/kg x min).

LOCATIONS SELECTED FOR IPAs IN GALICIA

26 LOCATIONS SELECTED FOR 26 LOCATIONS SELECTED FOR IPAsIPAs IN GALICIAIN GALICIA

LOCATIONS SELECTED FOR IPAs IN GALICIA

THE 26 COASTAL LOCATIONS IN GALICIATHE 26 COASTAL LOCATIONS IN GALICIA

FIRST MOVERS MIGHT BE FIRST MOVERS MIGHT BE OWNERS OF THESE OWNERS OF THESE

PARKSPARKSANDAND -- SHOULD NORWAY BE THE SHOULD NORWAY BE THE

NEXT COUNTRY TO LAUNCH NEXT COUNTRY TO LAUNCH INDUSTRIAL PARKS FOR INDUSTRIAL PARKS FOR

AQUACULTURE?AQUACULTURE?