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INDUSTRIAL PLANTATION STATUS IN KENYA
Anthony M MainaKenya Forestry Service
3rd SPGS Commercial Forestry Seminar-24/09/2008
Introduction• Plantation Area and Age Distribution• Species/Age Distribution• Thinning Regimes and Yields• Wood Demand Scenarios• Volume Distribution• Resource Allocation and Re-structuring• Felling Plans• Issues Impacting on Plantations• PELIS
Forest Plantations Area • Plantation area 125,000ha• Total stocked plantation area 110,000ha• Cypress 57,900ha• Pinus Patula 23,000ha• Other Pines 3,900ha• Eucalyptus 13,300ha• Mixed hardwoods 12,000ha
Age/Area Distribution For Cypres
Volume/Age Distribution
Thinning Regime and Yields
Wood Demand Scenarios
10284801142755.612856001469257.11607000514240TOTAL
1440160018002057.14292250720VIHIGA
4656051733.3335820066514.2867275023280U/GISHU
1776019733.3332220025371.429277508880T/NZOIA
504056006300720078752520THIKA
1440160018002057.14292250720TAITA TAVETA
102240113600127800146057.1415975051120NYERI
118560131733.33148200169371.4318525059280NYANDARUA
201602240025200288003150010080NANDI
96960107733.33121200138514.2915150048480NAKURU
1440160018002057.14292250720MURANGA
504005600063000720007875025200MERU CENTRAL
000000MARAKWET
72008000900010285.714112503600MARAGWA
2880320036004114.285745001440MALINDI
81609066.66671020011657.143127504080MAKUENI
73608177.7778920010514.286115003680MACHAKOS
153120170133.33191400218742.8623925076560KOIBATEK
38404266.666748005485.714360001920KITUI
1248013866.6671560017828.571195006240KIRINYAGA
8892098800111150127028.57138937.544460KIAMBU
121360134844.44151700173371.4318962560680KERICHO
100320111466.67125400143314.2915675050160KEIYO
1680018666.6672100024000262508400KAKAMEGA
3240360040504628.57145062.51620KAJIADO
21600240002700030857.1433375010800EMBU
1920021333.3332400027428.571300009600BARINGO
@ 50% recov@ 45% recov@ 40% recov@ 35% recovdemand @ 32% recovMill capacityDISTRICT
Age/SPP/Volume Distribution
531965531965287008071042255529
684915684915018441550050028
714630714630012481058982027
119378011937801452522687095238526
10188151018815013961587920025
106264423728093769688824
14245656804317602346411723223
13193652609501887211306422
1053183159540133869193221
79920239760056587426220
600661801982034148384319419
7756823270472132906420618
472081416240111303607817
218685467067247921640416
970424260803392623215
42760106900140121403048014
582681456700149804328813
750201875500105246449612
SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL (M3)OTHER PINES (HA)P.PATULA (HA)CUP LUST (HA)AGE (YRS)
Young Stands Volume distribution
45704967291260.8
531965531965287008071042255529
684915684915018441550050028
714630714630012481058982027
119378011937801452522687095238526
10188151018815013961587920025
106264423727.7093769688824
142456568043.317602346411723223
131936526094.801887211306422
1053183159540133869193221
79920239760056587426220
600661801982034148384319419
7756823270472132906420618
472081416240111303607817
218685467067247921640416
970424260803392623215
42760106900140121403048014
582681456700149804328813
750201875500105246449612
SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL (M3)OTHER
PINES(HA)P.PATULA
(HA)CUP LUST(HA)AGE(YRS)
Volume Distribution For Over-mature Stands
90264309026430
371899537189959376152E+0678085041
2821002821001540014112012558040
3624603624601473518872015900539
3991403991405862514584519467038
4965454965453521020065526068037
5470505470503657514248536799036
5608055608051757019799534524035
403620403620202657906530429034
4632254632251603014094530625033
5470155470153241010769540691032
585410585410308007784047677031
6600656600652037018595545374030
SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL
(M3)OTHER PINES
(HA)P.PATULA (HA)CUP LUST
(HA)AGE (YRS)
Resource Allocation and Restructuring• Sawlogs :If sawmills continue at current recovery
rates of 32% then the annual demand for sawlogsis 1,600,000 m3. At recovery rate of 45% the demand drops to 1,200,000 m3.
• Ply and panel: Annual demand of plywood is expected to be 300,000 m3.
• pulp wood• PPM requires 60-70% pine, 20-30% cypress and
10% eucalyptus for a total annual demand of 450,000 m3.
• The total demand therefore is 1,950,000 m3.
Clearing Backlogs And Normalizing Thinning Regimes
• Over-mature Plantations• Average yield 326m3/ha (inventory data). • Plantations >30 yrs to be spread for a minimum of six years.
(see table 6)• Start harvesting of 25-29yrs plantations after six yrs• Thinnings• To be spread five yrs and remain within technical orders
specifications on delayed thinnings.– 1st commercial to start with current age 14 going
backwards to current age 10 by 5th yr– 2nd commercial to start at current age 19 to current 15 by
5th yr– 3rd commercial to start with current 24 back to current 20– 1st thinning 40 m3/ ha@ 12 yrs (inventory data)– 2nd thinning 60 m3 /ha@17 yrs– 3rd thinning 80 m3/ha@22yrs
Pulpwood Allocation (PPM)
133,07012%78%10%54.4325.810
82,25021%69%10%39.9195.111
142,06519%71%10%96.8309.112
206,67546%44%10%338252.513
120,05033%57%10%14320014
58,10031%59%10%6510115
150,1508%82%10%4438516
160,33513%77%10%76.138217
224,14018%72%10%133.450718
189,70023%67%10%16038219
Estimated vol.m3 (C&P)% Pine%Cypress% EuclptPine (Ha)Cypress(Ha)Age
Felling Plan-Overmature
1,401,245annual cut in approx cubic
meters/yr
4,298.30annual cut in hectares
plantations >30 yrs to be c/f in six years
25,789.80TOTAL
5,121.40238.81061.43821.230-32
4,079.00153.91194.32730.833-35
5,157.70414.71936.32806.736-39
11,431.702722.961192589.8>40
Total area (ha) Other Pines (ha)P.Patula (ha)Cypress (ha)AGE (YRS)
Felling Plan Thinnings-Restructuring
Thinning backlogs cleared in 5 yrs
1,332.00
2076.515642.5105TH YR
1,755.30
21117.7161228.4114TH YR
1,649.20
22328.5171469.6123RD YR
1,780.70
23652.418866.2132ND YR
1,328.30
2445919726141ST YR
AREA (ha)
3rd com.(YR)AREA (ha)2nd Com.(YR)AREA (ha)1st Com (YR)
Harvesting Plan for Clear-fells and Thinnings
1,596,19558,100
1,538,095.001,401,245136,850.005th year
1,748,017150,150
1,597,867.001,401,245196,622.004th year
1,772,010160,335
1,611,675.001,401,245210,430.003rd year
1,841,633224,140
1,617,493.001,401,245216,248.002nd year
1,753,789189,700
1,564,089.001,401,245162,844.001st year
G/TOTALPULP M3TOTAL M3(sawlogs)CLEARFELL M3THINNING M3
Issues Impacting on Plantation Programme
• Under-funding• Loss of permanent labour• Irregular surveys and inventories• Timely release of funds• Harvesting moratorium• Planting backlogs• Slow pace of reforms
Way Foward• Increased funding• Restructuring PPM• Re-introduction of PSPs• Re-introduction of tree breeding programme• Concessioning of plantations• Lifting the harvesting moratorium• Introducing bamboo as a commercial species• Increase species range• Upscale PELIS
Way Forward
• Commercialize the Plantations• Upscale PELIS• Re-Introduce PSPs• Introduce More commercial species• Start tree breeding programme• Address seed sources and quality• Concession plantations• Lift the harvesting ban• Introduce commercial bamboo production• Revamp the sawmilling industry