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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s. Industrialization. Industrialization = industry = factories 2 phases of industrialization in Canada : Phase 1 1860-1900 Phase 2 1901-1929 1870-1901 : - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Industrialization and Urbanization in Canada in the late 1800s
Industrialization• Industrialization = industry = factories• 2 phases of industrialization in Canada:– Phase 1 1860-1900– Phase 2 1901-1929
• 1870-1901:– The National Policy helps Canadian factories do
well protects them against U.S. competition
Industrialization
• Artisans make things one at a time
• Before the mid 1800s• Factories makes lots
of things very fast• MASS PRODUCTION• After the mid 1800s
Industrialization
• Industries / factories started using STEAM ENGINES
• Steam engines made machines work FAST• LOTS of products can be made in one day• Steam engines needed lots of coal to power
them
Artisans no machines
Before the first stage of industrialization
From Artisans to Industrialization
IndustrializationHow did industrialization happen?Ingredients:1. Cheap labour (workers) immigrants / french
Canadians were people who worked for little money2. Capital($$$) money to invest in companies3. Raw materials (wood, leather, etc.)4. Transportation Railways / boats5. Energy Coal / steam engines6. A place to sell the products
Industrialization
• Who profited from industrialization?• In Québec: Montréal• big city with a large population « cheap labour » • Railways that connect with the rest of Canada, • A port to ship products by boat • Rich people that can invest money in industries
(usually English people)• The province of Ontario (Toronto) also benefits a
lot
Montreal access to ports and railways
Factories Using machines powered by steam engines
Stitching collars on mens’ shirts (Montreal)
Large factory in Montreal
Machines powered by steam engines
Investing money:Montreal Stock Exchange& Banks
Industrialization Recap• Technology used in factories = STEAM ENGINES
worked using coal• Investments = Rich English men• Transportation = Railway and boats• Locations for factories = BIG CITIES LIKE MONTREAL• What kinds of factories? Leather, clothing, textiles,
furniture, metalworks, steel• Sell to who? Canadians all over Canada• Workers = IMMIGRANTS & FRENCH CANADIANS = • “CHEAP LABOUR”
Year People working in industry
Total population of Quebec
Percentage of workers in industry
1831 15,600 890,000 1.8%
1861 25,300 1,112,000 2.3%
1871 39,000 1,192,000 3.3%
1881 53,700 1,359,000 4.0%
1891 73,600 1,489,000 4.9%
1901 129,000 1,649,000 7.8%
Urbanization
• Urbanization = Urban = Cities = People moving to cities
• Cities getting bigger• Industrialization = more jobs in cities = more
workers needed • No work in rural areas (farms) people move
to cities to work in factories• Industrialization made people move to cities
faster
Urbanization• Living in cities difficult life for most people in
late 1800s• Living conditions in cities were bad (1870s-
1901)• Poor hygienic conditions• City services are not great garbage
collection, sewer system, outdoor toilets.