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INF3490/INF4490 Biologically inspired computing
Future Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence - What to expect and should we worry?
When and Where will a Breakthrough Come? • Technology breakthroughs often happens
randomly and not linked to major initiatives and projects.
• AI breakthroughs depend on the invention of scalable learning methods. – Need to understand more about how scalability and
complexity arises in nature. • Contributors to progress in AI:
– Researchers mimicking biological or medical phenomena.
– Researchers solving engineering problems 2
CAM (Cellular Automata Machine) Brain
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What Methods are Best?
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Autonomous Systems • Systems that can operate with no or limited
human control • Degrees of human control:
– Full autonomy (human decides only the goal) – Remotely monitored (autonomous planning but
human take over if the system is misbehaving) – Remotely operated (autonomous steering using
human planning) – Remotely controlled (human take all decisions)
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How Similar to Humans? • Similarity depends on progress in a number of fields
such as AI methods, computing power, vision systems, speech recognition, speech synthesis, human-computer interaction, mechanics and actuators.
• Design and usability will be essential for future robots but they should not necessarily be as similar as possible to humans (ref. uncanny valley).
• We will see robots having human-like behavior, but not human consciousness.
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Would AI be Good or Bad?
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Is Terminator Coming Close?
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“Humans, limited by slow biological
evolution, couldn’t compete and would be
superseded by A.I.”
AI is our “biggest existential threat”
I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence.
Ethical Risks of Developing AI Systems • People may become unemployed because of
automation.? • We get too much free time.? • Artificial intelligence can be used for
destructive and unwanted tasks.? (“1984”)
• Successful KI can lead to the extinction of mankind?
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Future Scenario with Autonomous Interacting AI Systems
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Ethics for Programmers
• In the book “Moral Machines” it is argued that ethic competence should be included during program development by e.g. – machine learning methods based on examples of
ethical and unethical behavior • Software that will replace human evaluation and
social function should adhere to criteria such as – accountability (no. ansvarlighet) – inspectability – manipulation robustness – predictability (no. forutsigbarhet)
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What would you require of a robot to be used in your home?
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Ethical Guidelines for Robots and their Developers (Asimov 1942)
• A robot may not harm a human being, or through inaction, allow a human to be injured.
• A robot must obey orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
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Ethical Recommendations for Commercial Robots (Euronet Roboethics Atelier)
• Safety: There must be mechanisms (or opportunities for an operator) to control and limit a robot's autonomy.
• Security: There must be a password or other keys to avoid inappropriate and illegal use of a robot.
• Traceability: Similarly as aircraft, robots should have a "black box" to record and document their own behavior.
• Identifiability: Robots should have serial numbers and registration number similar cars.
• Privacy policy: Software and hardware should be used to encrypt and password protect sensitive data that the robot needs to save.
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