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-DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL
INFANTRY DIVISION
ENGINEER BATTALION
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYAUGUST. 1957
*FM 5-132
FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS,NO. 5-132 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WASHINGTON 25, D.C., 23 August 1957
INFANTRY DIVISION, ENGINEER BATTALION
Paragraphs Page
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Section I. General ......... ............... 1-3 4II. Organization ................... 4-7 4
CHAPTER 2. ENGINEER COMBATCOMPANY
Section I. General ........................ 8-10 8II. Company Headquarters ........ 11, 12 9
III. Command Echelon ............ 13, 14 10IV. Administrative Echelon ........ 15-19 14
V. Company Employment andPioneering Operations ........ 20, 21 17
VI. Company Combat Operations... 22-27 20VII. Company Training ............ 28, 29 23
VIII. Platoon ..................... 30,31 24IX. Duties of Platoon Headquarters. 32-36 25X. Platoon Employment and
Pioneering Operations ........ 37,38 27XI. Engineer Platoon Combat
Operations .................... 39-44 29XII. Squad ......................... 45-52 34
*This mIanual supersedes FM 5-132, 25 January 1952, and TT 5-132-2,February 1957.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 1
Paragraphs Page
CHAPTER 3. HEADQUARTERS AND
HEADQUARTERSCOMPANY
Section I. General .......... : ............. 53-56 38
II. Bridge Section ................. 57-61 40
III. Equipment Platoon ............ 62-66 46
IV. Equipment Platoon CombatEngineer Vehicles ............ 67-71 48
V. Combat Engineer VehicleOperations .................... 72-77 51
VI. Company Headquarters;Company Operationsand Training ................. 78-84 54
CHAPTER 4. BATTALION
HEADQUARTERS
Section I. General ........................ 85-87 57
II. Division Engineer Section ....... 88-90 61
III. Administrative Section ......... 91-93 62
IV. Intelligence Section ............ 94-96 66
V. Operations Section ............. 97-99 72
VI. Supply Section ................... 100-104 74
VII. Communications Section ....... 105-107 81
VIII. Maintenance Section .......... 108,109 84
IX. Battalion MaintenanceSubsection .................... 110-112 85
X. Field Maintenance Subsection... 113-116 87
XI. Chaplain Section .............. 117,118 90
XII. Medical Section ............... 119-121 91
CHAPTER 5. BATTALION OPERATIONS
Section I. General ........................ 122-124 93
II. Training ....................... 125-134 94
III. Administrative Movements .... 135-141 103
IV. Tactical Movements ........... 142-144 110
V. The Advance to Contact andthe Attack ............... .... 145-156 111
2 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Section VI. Pursuit ........................ 157-160 124VII. The Defense ................... 161-164 126
VIII. Atomic Defense ............... 165-169 141IX. Defense Against Guerilla Forces. 170-176 145X. Retrograde Movements ........ 177-180 149
XI. Denial Operations .............. 181-185 151XII. River-Crossing Operations ...... 186-188 154
XIII. Infantry Combat .............. 189-191. 156
APPENDIX I. REFERENCES ............... ...... 161II. TYPICAL SOP ............... ...... 166
III. TYPICAL REORGANIZA-TION OF INFANTRYDIVISION, ENGINEERBATTALION FOR COM-BAT AS INFANTRY ........ ...... 183
[INDEX ............................. ...... 196
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 3
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Section I. GENERAL
1. Purpose
This manual provides information and guidance forindividual and unit training and employment in opera-tions of the infantry division, engineer battalion.
2. Scope
This manual outlines the organization, employment,missions, equipment, training, operations, and capa-bilities of the infantry division, engineer battalion.This material is based on TOE 5-15T, 5-16T, and5-17T, 20 December 1956. The material presentedherein is applicable to atomic warfare. Where applica-ble, appropriate modifying guidance for nonatomicwarfare is integrated throughout the manual.
3. Mission
To increase the combat effectiveness of the infantrydivison by means of general engineer work.
Section II. ORGANIZATION
4. Composition
The infantry division, engineer battalion has abattalion headquarters; a headquarters and head-
4 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
quarters company; and five identical combat colll-panies (fig. 1).
5. Major Items of Equipment
The major items of equipment of the infantrydivision, engineer battalion, are listed in the applicableTOE's. The battalion is completely mobile by meansof organic transportation.
6. Assignment
The infantry division, engineer battalion, is organicto the infantry division, TOE 7T.
7. Capabilities and Employment
The infantry division engineer battalion providesthe following engineer support to the division:
a. Necessary engineer staff planning and super-vision for the infantry division, including that re-quired for attached and supporting engineer troops.
b. Conducts tactical and technical reconnaissance.
c. Constructs, repairs, maintains, and marks roadsand trails.
d. Constructs, improves, reinforces, and maintainsfords, fixed bridges, and culverts.
e. Constructs, maintains, and repairs floatingbridges and ferries.
f. Provides engineer personnel and limited equip-ment for assault stream crossings.
g. Constructs and r emoves obstacles, includingminefields.
h. Executes all types of demolitions.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 5
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i. Assists in the assault of fortifications.
j. Constructs or assists in the improvement of com-mand posts, shelters, and defensive installations.
k. Prepares landing facilities for army aircraft.
1. Establishes and operates water points.
m. Provides engineer supply service for the infantrydivision.
n. Procures and distributes maps.
o. Collects, evaluates, and disseminates engineerintelligence.
p. Surveys and maps small areas.
q. Fights as infantry when required.
r. Provides technical advice and assistance, to in-clude assistance in conducting engineering training andin executing combat deception and camouflage.
s. Provides field (third echelon) maintenance sup-port for all engineer equipment items organic to theinfantry division.
t. Employs prepositioned atomic weapons.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 7
CHAPTER 2
ENGINEER COMBAT COMPANY
Section I. GENERAL
8. Mission
The engineer combat company is an operating com-ponent of the infantry division engineer battalion. Itis the basic administrative unit within the battalion.The engineer combat company is equipped to performcombat engineer tasks and, when reinforced withadditional heavy equipment, can perform heavy engi-neer tasks. It fights as infantry when required andprovides engineer support for a battle group.
9. Organization
The engineer combat company is organized into acompany headquarters and two identical platoons(fig. 2).
10. Equipment
The company is completely mobile in its organicvehicles. In addition to individual arms, it hasmachine guns, and grenade and rocket launchers.Radios and other items of signal equipment are pro-vided for communication between squads within eachplatoon, between platoon and company, and betweencompany and battalion or supported unit. Squad and
8 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
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Figure 2. Organizational chart, engineer company,
Figure . Orginanizaional chart, engineer company,infantry division, TOE 5-17T.
platoon carpenter, pioneer, and demolition sets andseveral pieces of engineer heavy equipment are alsoorganic to the company.
Section II. COMPANY HEADQUARTERS
1 1. Mission
The mission of the company headquarters is to pro-vide command, administrative, supply, and equip-ment support for the platoons of the company.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 9
12. Organization
Personnel of company headquarters are organizedaccording to the nature of their duties, into the com-mand echelon and the administrative echelons. How-ever, greater flexibility and efficiency can be realized incompany operations by permitting the unit commanderto decide the exact composition of these echelons foreach specific situation. An example of the flexibilitydesired would be the utilization of the executive officerin the command echelon as a project engineer in onesituation and as a unit administrator in the admin-istrative echelon in another situation.
Section III. COMMAND ECHELON
13. Composition
The command echelon is composed of the companycommander, executive officer, first sergeant, and com-munication personnel.
a. Duties of Command Personnel.(1) The company commander is responsible to
the battalion commander for the adminis-tration, operations, training, discipline, andsupply of his company. Among his dutiesare-
(a) Aiding the battalion commander and bat-talion staff in developing plans for theemployment of his company. This includesmaintaining contact with the battalioncommander and keeping him informed ofthe company situation and of operationalchanges that he considers necessary for theefficient employment of his company.
10 TAGO 987-C, Aug,
(b) Exercising initiative to keep his companyconstructively employed when no missionsare assigned or requested.
(c) Analyzing a task and assigning missionsto his subordinate leaders.
(d) Supervising the execution of work to seethat: tasks are carried out properly; cor-rect methods are used; that supply of ma-terials is maintained; difficulties are antici-pated and provided for; and the platooncommanders are given all possible facilities,including personnel and equipment fromcompany headquarters or battalion, to helpthem execute their assigned work.
(e) Inspecting tools, equipment, weapons,transportation, and all classes of supply toinsure that they are properly maintained,used, or stored. He also makes certain thatthe mess, supply, communication, adminis-tration, and maintenance sections areoperating properly.
() Conducting continuous engineer recon-naissance and reporting appropriate infor-mation to battalion headquarters, to theunit which he supports, and to his platoons.
(g) Providing liaison with, and engineer staffadvice for, the unit he supports.
(2) The executive officer is the senior lieutenantin the company and second in command. Hehelps the company commander perform hisduties, is his chief adviser on company mat-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 11
ters, and assumes command of the companyduring the commander's absence. He mustbe familiar with the company commander'spolicies, keep himself constantly informedof the company situation, and have theauthority to make decisions in the name ofthe company commander. He may be usedas the project engineer. He may be desig-nated as company liaison officer and may beused as the assistant unit engineer for a unitsupported by the company. He must be pre-pared to take over command of any of theplatoons or the company at any time.
(3) The first sergeant serves as principal enlistedassistant to the company commander. Underthe executive officer, he coordinates variousactivities within the company such as mess,supply, transportation, maintenance, andcommunications. He helps prepare and main-tain records, rosters, correspondence, andreports. In the capacity of a constructionforeman he aids the company commander ininspecting and supervising training andoperations. He assumes command of the com-pany when all officers are absent.
b. Employment and Operations. The command per-sonnel of the company headquarters perform commandfunctions to include: planning, directing, and super-vising the operation of the company. The companycommander employs his communication means tomaintain control over his subordinate units and higherand adjacent headquarters. The executive officer uses
12 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
the radio in the 3/4-ton truck to contact personnel inthe company net when he acts as liaison officer or whenhe is away from the company command post.
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Figure 3. Typical radio net, infantry division,engineer company.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 13
14. Communication Section
a. Duties of Communication Section Personnel.
(1) The radio operators operate the companyradios in the battalion and company nets (fig.3), and perform preventive maintenance ontheir equipment. They send and receive mes-sages and keep message records. They en-cipher and decipher messages with the ciphermachines, install and operate the emergencyswitchboard, and use the aircraft panel sig-naling sets. One of the radio operators drivesthe section's 3/4 -ton truck.
(2) The radio mechanic inspects, tests, and per-forms organizational maintenance on all com-pany communication equipment. He also canoperate the company radios.
b. Employment and Operations. The communication
section provides the company commander with 24-hourradio communication with any of the units in the bat-talion or company net. The section normally operatesat the company command post.
Section IV. ADMINISTRATIVE ECHELON
15. Organization
The administrative echelon normally consists of thecompany clerk, the mess section, the supply section,and the equipment and maintenance section. It iscommanded by the senior officer or NCO present inthe echelon.
14 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
16. Company Clerk
The company clerk is the administrative assistantto the unit commander. He performs various clericaland typing duties at the company level.
17. Mess Section
a. Organization. The mess section consists of a messsteward and cooks.
b. Duties of M1ess Personnel. The mess stewardsupervises and controls the activities of the messpersonnel. He prepares menus from the master menu,supervises the preparation and serving of the meals,inspects delivered supplies for condition and quantity,keeps mess records, and sees that proper sanitary anddietetic principles are followed at all times.
c. Employment and Operations. The mess sectionmay or may not operate as a unit depending uponwhether or not the company is employed as a unit.When elements of the company are operating beyondthe supporting distance of the administrative echelonit may be necessary to attach mess personnel to thoseelements.
18. Supply Section
a. Organization. The supply section consists of asupply sergeant and an armorer.
b. Duties of Supply Personnel.
(1) The supply sergeant supervises the activitiesof the supply section. Based on the needs ofthe platoons and sections, he prepares requisi-tions, survey reports, memorandum receipts,and other forms related to the receipt, storage,
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 15
and issue of supplies. He checks supplies re-ceived, issued, or shipped and reports dis-crepancies noticed in quantity, quality, orphysical condition. He is responsible for thecondition of the company supply room.
(2) The armorer maintains, services, and makesminor repairs on the ordnance weapons of thecompany.
c. Employment and Operations. The supply sectionhandles the procurement of supplies needed by thecompany. Normally, the company supply section dealsdirectly with the battalion supply section in procuringthe supplies and then reissues such supplies directlyto the using company unit or individual.
19. Equipment and Maintenance Section
a. Organization. The equipment and maintenancesection consists of a motor sergeant, wheeled-vehicleand engineer-equipment mechanics, wheeled-vehiclemechanic's helper, engineer construction machineryoperators and air-compressor operators.
b. Duties of Eqcuipment and Maintenance Personnel.
(1) The motor sergeant supervises the work ofthe equipment and maintenance section. Heinspects the performance of preventive andorganizational maintenance and helps themechanics when necessary. He keeps main-tenance rosters on all company vehicles andequipment and maintains records on the useand care of supplies in the motor pools. Hesupervises the dispatch of vehicles.
16 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(2) The mechanics perform organizational in-spections, maintenance, and repair on theautomotive and construction equipment ofthe company as directed by the motorsergeant. They also help the motor sergeantduring inspections and in organizational pre-ventive maintenance services. The wheeled-vehicle mechanic's helper operates and main-tains the section's 21/2-ton truck.
(3) The engineer construction machinery oper-ators are provided for double-shift operations.They operate and maintain the companyangledozers. These operators also drive the5-ton truck-tractors.
(4) The air-compressor operators maintain andoperate the air compressors and supervisethe operation of the accompanying pneumaticequipment. They maintain and may operatethe pneumatic equipment. These operatorsare also truck drivers.
Section V. COMPANY EMPLOYMENT ANDPIONEERING OPERATIONS
20. Company Employment
a. The engineer combat company may be employedin direct support of a battle group and may remainunder control of the division engineer. In this role,maximum flexibility is assured. General support to thedivision is accomplished by combat companies nototherwise assigned a direct support mission.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 17
b. Each company may be given an area assignmentor task assignments. Area assignments in turn arenormally broken down into platoon tasks.
c. The company operates independently of the bat-talion when attached to another unit. The companymay be attached when required by the mission or whencentralized control by the battalion is difficult. Thiscondition may often exist when battle groups aremotorized or mechanized and when operating underbrigade control.
d. Many assignments will necessitate staggeredwork hours, continuous operation in shifts, or evenextended periods of operation without relief. The com-pany commander must balance the effects of fatigueon his men and lack of servicing of his equipmentagainst the urgencies of the situation.
21. Pioneering
a. Construction. The company constructs and re-pairs bridges, vehicle trails and roads; builds andmaintains ferries, fords, and culverts; lays minefields;constructs protective shelters and various types ofobstacles. The supervision, coordination, and equip-ment provided by company headquarters enables thecompany to accomplish extensive engineer tasks. Thecompany, when reinforced with additional heavyequipment, is able to perform heavy construction mis-sions. Although the company has limited bridgingmaterial, it can construct timber, floating, and panelbridges when the necessary materials and equipageare available. It can build and maintain hasty, expedi-ent, and surfaced roads (fig. 4).
18 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Figure 4. Engineer dozer repairing a shell-torn road.
b. Destruction. The company commander plansobstacles in accordance with tactical plans prepared bythe battle group or division. The platoons then executethe plans under supervision of the company com-manders.
c. Reconnaissance. The company commanderdirects general engineer reconnaissance continuallyand as specified by the battalion commander. Recon-naissance patrols are operated for the battalion orthe supported battle group as required. Frequently,special reconnaissance is made to secure detailed in-formation on a specific subject or for a special purpose.Reconnaissance patrols are composed of platoons,squads, or selected groups of men under companyofficers or NCO's, depending on the mission to beaccomplished.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 19
Section VI. COMPANY COMBAT OPERATIONS
22. The Advance to Contact and the Attack
During the advance to contact and the attack,engineer tasks include-
a. Performing engineer reconnaissance.
b. Repairing and maintaining roads and trails.
c. Repairing, strengthening, and maintaining bridges.
d. Constructing bridges and bypasses.
e. Removing, neutralizing, or destroying all typesof manmade and natural obstacles which slow or haltforward movement.
f. Assisting the flank security by constructingobstacles in likely avenues of enemy attack.
g. Assisting in the organizations of captured ground.
23. The Defense
During the defense, the company normally operatesin a direct or general support role and is given area ortask assignments. Normal engineer tasks include-
a. Performing engineer reconnaissance.
b. Repairing, maintaining, or constructing roads andtrails.
c. Constructing shelters, command posts, observa-tion posts, and special field works.
d. Providing technical assistance to other troops inpreparing defensive positions, including barbed wireand weapons emplacements.
e. Providing engineer equipment.
20 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
f. Laying and recording minefields and constructingother obstacles (fig. 5).
g. Aiding in camouflage.
h. Preparing alternate positions and erecting bar-riers in depth.
i. Assisting in flank and rear-area security.
24. Retrograde Movement
During a retrograde movement, the company com-mander directs the platoons in providing technicalassistance and aid in preparation of successive de-fensive positions and obstacles to impede the progressof the enemy and to assist in the evacuation of friendlytroops. The company is charged with the destructionof specific bridges and with the destruction of suppliesand equipment which cannot be evacuated. It may aidin flank and rear-area security.
25. River-Crossing Operation
During river-crossing operations the company nor-mally operates as part of the battalion. Among thecompany's tasks are-
a. Operating boats, rafts, or ferries (TM 5-271).
b. Removing obstacles, including mines and booby-traps, from near and far shores.
c. Constructing or repairing approach roads, abut-ments, bridges and landing sites.
d. Improving assembly areas.
e. Providing guides for boat groups.
f. Performing engineer reconnaissance.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 21
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g. Providing engineer support to battle group ele-ments on the far shore.
26. Security
a. The company commander is responsible forsecurity of the company at all times, unless anotherunit is specifically assigned the mission. On projectsforward of the forward edge of battle area, the sup-ported unit normally furnishes the security for theworking party in order to release the engineers formaximum effort on the project.
b. If the company is working closely with, and inthe immediate vicinity of a battle group, the securitymay be provided by the group commander. However,when the company is working, moving, or living alone,the security force must come from the company. Thesize of the security detachment depends on the terrain,and the proximity and strength of the enemy.
27. Infantry Combat
When the company is committed as infantry, itreorganizes to improve its fighting potential (app. III).
Section VII. COMPANY TRAINING
28. General
The company commander plans the company train-ing schedule according to the training program andpolicies provided by the battalion commander. Pro-ficiency in basic engineering subjects on the part of allthe men in the company is stressed. Platoon leaderstrain their own platoons; however, it is often desirable
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 23
or necessary to consolidate training in some of thetechnical subjects at company level. Full advantageshould be taken of various school quotas for the train-ing of specialists.
29. Training Other Arms and Services
The company may conduct demonstrations of minelaying or clearing, bridge construction, or other engi-neer functions for the training of nonengineer troopsof the division. Most demonstrations, however, arestaged by a platoon or squad. The company com-mander furnishes specialists to instruct other troops.The subjects taught include: mine warfare, use of ex-plosives,. camouflage, field fortifications, bridging,roadbuilding expedients, and protective shelters andemplacements to resist effects of conventional andatomic weapons. The instructors are usually the com-pany officers or key noncommissioned officers.
Section VIII. PLATOON
30. Mission
The platoon is the operating component of the engi-neer combat company. It performs combat engineermissions as assigned by the company commander.With additional equipment attached from the com-pany, the scope of the platoon's operations is greatlyincreased.
31. Organization
The platoon consists of a platoon headquarters andthree identical squads (fig. 2).
24 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section IX. DUTIES OF PLATOON HEADQUARTERS
32. Platoon Leader
The platoon leader is responsible for the discipline,training, performance, supply, and welfare of his pla-toon. His duties include-
a. Analyzing the platoon task and assign missionsto his squad leaders.
b. Allocating personnel and equipment from platoonheadquarters, where necessary.
c. Supervising execution of the work and seeing thatwork parties are efficiently organized, correct methodsare used, supply of material is maintained, difficultiesare anticipated and provided for, equipment isefficiently used, and proper security measures are takenat all times.
d. Obtaining equipment from company headquarters,when necessary to supplement platoon equipment.
e. Insuring that tools, equipment, weapons, trans-portation, and clothing are adequate, serviceable, andproperly maintained.
f. Making engineer reconnaissance rapidly, accu-rately, and continuously, and disseminating informa-tion properly and promptly.
g. Providing liaison with and acting as engineer staffadviser for the unit his platoon supports.
33. Platoon Sergeant
The platoon sergeant is second in command of theplatoon. He performs duties as required by the platoon
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 25
leader. His duties may include but are not limited tothe following:
a. Assisting the platoon leader to supervise combatconstruction, repair, and demolition operations.
b. Performing engineer reconnaissance.
c. Assisting with the organization of work activitiesand supervising operations.
d. Keeping informed on adequacy of equipment andsupply of construction material.
e. Instructing subordinate personnel in demolitionoperations, combat construction, and repair activities.This instruction may include placement of explosivesto insure effective demolition, design of patterns forhasty and deliberate minefields, placement of culverts,and erection of road blocks.
34. Radio Operator
The radio operator maintains and operates the radioand 1/4-ton truck.
35. Toolroom Keeper
The toolroom keeper maintains tools organic to pla-toon headquarters. He assists the platoon leader bysupervising maintenance on squad tools and makesminor repairs beyond the capability of the squad.
36. Truck Drivers
Drivers' duties are outlined in paragraph 51. Theradio operator is also qualified as a driver, light truck.
26 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section X. PLATOON EMPLOYMENT ANDPIONEERING OPERATIONS
37. Platoon Employment
a. The platoon may be assigned an area in whichit is responsible for all engineer work, or it may begiven a task assignment. The platoon leader organizesthe size of the force to accomplish the task. The pla-toon may operate beyond the supporting distance ofthe company for short periods. During this time, thecompany commander assigns necessary maintenanceand administrative personnel to accompany the pla-toon. For 24 hour operation, relief of the platoon isusually planned and provided by the company com-mander; however the platoon may operate its ownshifts.
b. The platoon may be employed in direct supportof an infantry unit or in general support of the sameunit under company control. However, the platoon ismost efficient when employed as a part of the engineercombat company. Under certain tactical situations,when communications and control are difficult, it maybe necessary to attach the platoon to another unit.
38. Pioneering
a. Construction. The platoon constructs and repairsbridges, vehicle trails, roads, and builds and main-tains ferries, fords, and culverts (fig. 6). It also laysminefields, constructs protective shelters and varioustypes of obstacles. The speed and efficiency of con-struction operations are increased by providing addi-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 27
Figure 6. Engineer platoon constructing a vehicle trail.
tional engineer equipment to the platoon for specificmissions.
b. Destruction. The platoon breaches or destroysmost types of obstacles through the use of explosives,utilization of heavy engineer equipment, and employ-ment of specially trained personnel.
c. Reconnaissance. The platoon may be required tooperate engineer reconnaissance patrols. They searchin designated areas for specific information and items.It is standing procedure that when no specific recon-naissance missions are assigned, the platoon will main-tain continuous engineer reconnaissance in its assignedarea of operations.
28 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section XI. ENGINEER PLATOON COMBATOPERATIONS
39. The Advance to Contact and the Attack
During the advance to contact and the attack theplatoon may operate as part of the company in supportof a battle group or, during rapidly moving situations,may independently support advanced or mechanizedunits. To support the attack, the platoon leader main-tains close liaison with the unit commander whom heis supporting. Engineer reconnaissance elements arekept as far forward as possible to discover and immedi-ately report situations requiring engineer work or,when necessary, to allow time for securing reinforce-ments from the company. Typical platoon tasks dur-ing an attack include-
a. Conducting engineer reconnaissance.b. Bypassing, removing, or breaching obstacles, in-
cluding mines (fig. 7), boobytraps, all types of erectedobstacles, and debris.
c. Clearing and repairing roads and routes.
d. Decontaminating chemical and radiological con-taminated roads and areas by scraping.
e. Constructing, strengthening, and repairing bridges;improving fords; and operating ferries.
f. Placing demolitions, laying minefields, and con-structing obstacles on the flanks and rear of an ad-vancing unit.
40. The Defense
During the defense, the platoon furnishes technicaladvice and aid to the supported unit in setting up the
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 29
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defensive position. The engineer assistance is limitedto those tasks requiring special technical skill, or thosebeyond the capabilities of the supporting units. Suchtasks are-
a. Furnishing technical advice and/or aid in pre-paring defensive positions, weapons emplacements, andprotective shelters.
b. Supervising and assisting in laying and recordingminefields.
c. Erecting or supervising the erection of wire en-tanglements, road blocks, and other obstacles.
d. Assisting in camouflage.
e. Preparing and executing demolitions.
f. Construction, repair or maintenance of roads andtrails.
g. Decontaminate roads and areas by surfacescraping.
41. Retrograde Movements
During a retrograde movement the platoon assistsin preparation of successive defensive positions previ-ously selected and planned by the supported unit; aidsthe rearward movement of vehicles, artillery, andtroops; and evacuates or destroys material. Delayingthe enemy is of primary importance. The platoon con-structs and sometimes defends road blocks and otherobstacles. Bridges, culverts, defiles, and sidehill cutsare prepared for demolition. If they cannot be blownimmediately because of the passage of friendly troops,the platoon blows them on order from higher head-quarters or when necessary to prevent capture (fig. 8).
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 31
All demolition plans are coordinated and integratedwith the scheme of maneuver of the withdrawing force.
42. River-Crossing Operations
a. Division engineer troops support elements of thebattle groups that cross the river and operate on thehostile shore. Typical platoon tasks include operatingassault boats in the first wave of the crossing, furnish-ing guides for assault boats in succeeding waves, build-ing access roads to the ferry sites, constructing andoperating ferries, and improving assembly areas(fig. 9).
b. During a hasty crossing all possible means areemployed to cross friendly units to the far shore.
Figure S. Bridge destroyed by engineers in aretrograde movement.
32 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Figure 9. Engineers in a river-crossing operationreturn enemy fire.
Prompt advantage must be taken of the enemy's dis-organization or absence. Therefore, whatever meansare at hand must be used to get troops across asquickly as possible. The opportunity for a hasty cross-ing is often presented to a small striking force such asa task force or armored cavalry unit. These forcesusually include a company or platoon of the engineerbattalion. The work done by the platoon includes suchtasks as: construction of a ford, mine clearance on theshores, bridge repair, removal of explosives from abridge captured intact, or seizure and operation ofcivilian boats. If standard military bridging or boatsare available, the platoon carries troops across inassault boats or infantry support rafts.
43. SecurityThe engineer platoon is used as the security force
for an engineer company or for an engineer battalion,
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 33
depending on the tactical situation. The security maybe furnished for a work party, a bivouac, or a marchcolumn. When protecting a column, a platoon mayserve as part of an advance guard, rear guard, or flankguard.
44. Combat as InfantryThe platoon may be required to fight as infantry.
It operates with three rifle squads and one weaponssquad. See appendix III for a suggested reorganization.
Section XII. SQUAD
45. MissionThe squad is the basic operating and working unit of
the engineer combat platoon. It may work independ-ently of a parent unit for short periods of time. Dutiesof squad personnel are explained in paragraphs 46through 51.
46. Squad LeaderThe squad leader is in the chain of command under
the platoon leader. He is responsible to the platoonleader for all that his squad does or fails to do. Underthe platoon leader's direction, he cares for the welfareof his men. He instills discipline in his squad bypromptly carrying out the orders of his superiors. Heinsures that all equipment issued to his squad is prop-erly used and maintained. He becomes familiar withinfantry squad and platoon tactics in order to lead hissquad effectively when it is employed as infantry incombat. He must be fully acquainted with the dutiesof combat construction specialists and must have thequalifications of a combat construction foreman.
34 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
47. Assistant Squad Leader
The assistant squad leader performs all dutiesassigned to him by the squad leader. He may be re-quired to command any part or all of the squad. In theabsence of the squad leader, he assumes command ofthe squad.
48. Combat Construction Specialists
a. Combat construction specialists assist in the con-struction and repair of roads and bridges; the removal,demolition, or preparation of obstacles; the laying andclearing of minefields; and the setting and removal ofboobytraps. They construct, maintain, and repairtemporary structures of various types (fig. 10). Theyassist in general rigging. They assist in construction,maintenance, and repair of landing facilities for Army
Figure 10. Log retaining wall constructed by combat engineers.
TAGO 987-C, Aug 35
type aircraft. They conduct engineer reconnaissanceand assemble and operate stream-crossing equipage.
b. Combat construction specialists are trained in theduties of pioneers and have a thorough knowledge ofthe engineering equipment and tools. They are familiarwith the characteristics of materials used in demolitionoperations; how to interpret and prepare reports con-cerning engineer reconnaissance, obstacles includingminefields, demolitions and barriers; the combatprinciples and techniques of the infantry squad andplatoon; and the employment of individual and organi-zational crew-served weapons. They must be able toread and understand military signs, symbols, and mapsand have knowledge of camouflage.
49. Demolition SpecialistsThe demolition specialists compute, prepare, and fire
explosive charges (fig. 11). They have a knowledge ofmilitary explosives and related devices. In additionto their specialty, the demolition men are trained ascombat construction specialists.
50. Pioneersa. The pioneers are trained to assist in accomplish-
ing all combat engineering tasks.
b. One member of the squad receives additionaltraining in the operation of engineer constructionequipment. He may serve as an assistant or second-shift operator for equipment furnished with a regularoperator to the squad.
51. Truck DriversTruck drivers are responsible for the operation, con-
cealment, camouflage, and operator maintenance of
36 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Figure 11. Engineers prepare a bridge for demolition.
their vehicles. They assist the mechanics in organiza-tional maintenance on their vehicles. Each driver isresponsible for correct loading, driving, servicing, in-specting, cleaning, tightening, and care of the vehicleand its tools and accessories.
52. Squad Employment and Pioneering Operations
The squad functions as a part of the platoon. Oc-casionally, when attached to a small task force, it maybe given a separate engineer mission.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 37
CHAPTER 3
HEADQUARTERS AND HEADQUARTERSCOMPANY
Section I. GENERAL
53. Mission
The mission of the headquarters and headquartdrscompany is threefold. It provides enlisted personnelfor battalion staff sections, it :provides all company-level administration and administrative support forbattalion headquarters, and it provides certain bat-talion-level service and combat support for the bat-talion and the division.
54. OrganizationHeadquarters and headquarters company (fig. 12)
consists of the company officers and the enlisted per-sonnel who work in battalion headquarters, companyheadquarters, and in the operating elements; i.e., thebridge section and the equipment platoon. The organi-zation, duties, and training of the men comprising thebattalion headquarters sections are detailed in chapter4, but the company headquarters and operating ele-ments are discussed in paragraphs 57 through 84.
55. Headquarters Function
Headquarters and headquarters company providesthe enlisted men for battalion headquarters. These
38 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
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men are assigned to the various sections of battalionheadquarters and are under the operational control ofthe officer heading the particular section. The companyfeeds, clothes, houses, and pays these men and is re-sponsible for their conduct when they are not at theirduty section. These men are released to the companycommander for necessary military training and admin-istrative duties.
56. Service Function
The service function of headquarters and head-quarters company is explicitly defined. It feeds,clothes, and houses battalion headquarters personnel.It provides an equipment pool for the battalion. Bat-talion maintenance as well as maintenance for head-quarters and headquarters company is provided by thebattalion maintenance section. The company has acombat support function which is discharged by theequipment platoon and by the bridge section.
Section II. BRIDGE SECTION
57. Mission
The mission of the bridge section is to providebridge equipment and technical assistance in con-struction which will enable the divisional units to crosscreeks, narrow rivers, gorges, and ravines with mini-mum delay. The bridging equipment is suitable forspanning short gaps, light rafting, and assault boatemployment. Equipment for deliberate river crossingsand for more permanent bridges is supplied by corpsand army engineer units, since the division may needthe bridge section in its operations on the far side of
40 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
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the river. The vehicular loading plan (fig. 13) of thebridge section readily permits attachment of appropri-ate loads of bridge sections to combat companies.
58. Organization
The personnel of the section include a bridge sectionforeman, bridge section sergeants, power boat oper-ators, and bridge helpers. The section provides 38-footspans (fig. 14) of fixed bridging (see table I for capaci-ties of M4 balk bridge), assault boats and infantrysupport rafts (fig. 15).
59. Duties of Personnel
a. The section foreman is responsible for the main-tenance and transportation of the equipment. He mayprovide technical assistance in the construction of the
Figure 14. Short fixed span using M4 decking.
42 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
bridges or he may direct and supervise their construc-tion, operation, and dismantling.
b. The assistant foreman directs the operationaland maintenance activities of the personnel and equip-
Figure 15. Three ponton infantry support raft.
Table I. Dual Capacities for M4 Balk Treadway andFully-Decked Unsupported Spans for Short Gaps
Type of crossingBalk width
Span in perfeet treadway Normal Caution Risk
(45)5 - -65
(60)7 - -85
30(75)
9 - - 105
(80) (100) (100)Full Deck 60 80 90
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 43
Table I-Continued
Type of crossingBalk width
Span in perfeet treadway Normal Caution Risk
(25)6 -- -- 26
(40)8 -- -- 55
38 (53)10 - - 70
(65)12 - - 90
(45) (70) (80)Full Deck 35 55 60
(28)7 - - 29
(35)9 -- -- 40
45
(45)11 - - 55
(23) (45) (55)Full Deck 25 40 45
Notes. Upper figures in parentheses represent wheel load class and lowerfigures represent tracked load class. Example: (45)
65Full deck ratings are for an 18 balk roadway and a 22 balk deck.All crossings on treadway spans are risk crossings.
44 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
ment assigned him. He is responsible for the delivery ofthe bridge units to the working site and lends technicalassistance or supervises the installation, operation, andremoval of the bridges.
c. The power boat operators, in addition to main-taining and operating the outboard motors, are desig-nated as heavy truck drivers and are responsible forthe loading and unloading of their trucks. The bridgehelpers are designated as light truck drivers and havethe responsibility for the loading and unloading oftheir trucks.
d. The power boat operators and bridge helpers arequalified to supervise and assist in construction or dis-mantling of the bridge units. They are responsible forthe operation and maintenance of their trucks andequipment.
60. Operations
Bridging and stream crossing equipment is allocatedto companies as required for anticipated missions.Equipment is transported by vehicles from the bridgesection and is accompanied by personnel skilled in itsuse. The supported company commander is responsiblefor assembly and operation of the equipment. Underexceptional circumstances a member of the bridge sec-tion may be made responsible for assembly andoperation.
61. Training
a. The training of the bridge section is coordinatedwith headquarters and headquarters company com-mander for general training. Training in the use ofsection bridge and boat equipment is done on a section
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 45
basis. Each bridge specialist and helper is trained togive technical assistance in the portion of bridge car-ried on his truck. Special training is given the power-boat operators in the operation and handling of theoutboard motors and assault boats so they, in turn,can instruct other troops. Emphasis must be placedon having all personnel acquire a thorough knowledgeof the care, characteristics, maintenance, employment,loading, unloading, construction, dismantling andtransportation of the bridge. In addition, all sectionpersonnel should become familiar with the operationand handling of the outboard motors, assault boats,and infantry support rafts. They should also know thecharacteristics, capabilities, and operational tech-niques of all section weapons.
b. Training with the combat companies must beemphasized since the bridge section normally trans-ports the bridge and boat equipment to the bridge orcrossing site. The companies then erect and operatethe equipment, with technical assistance from per-sonnel of the bridge section.
Section Ill. EQUIPMENT PLATOON
62. MissionThe equipment platoon contains engineer construc-
tion equipment and operators to supplement the com-bat companies. It contains three combat engineervehicles to provide armored engineer construction,demolition, and assault support as required.
63. OrganizationThe platoon is composed of a platoon leader, a con-
struction machinery supervisor, combat engineer
46 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
vehicle commanders, crane shovel operators, graderoperators, tractor operators, air compressor operator,crewmen and drivers for the combat engineer vehicles,and light truck driver.
64. Duties of Equipment Platoon Personnel
a. The platoon leader commands the equipment pla-toon. He is responsible to the headquarters and head-quarters company commander. His duties include-
(1) Directing and supervising preventive main-tenance, repair, and inspections of the pla-toon's vehicles and equipment.
(2) Directing and supervising the dispatch anduse of platoon transportation and construc-tion equipment.
(3) Assisting the battalion commander and hisstaff in planning and directing the employ-ment of platoon equipment.
(4) Providing technical assistance to the sup-ported unit in the use and capabilities of theequipment.
(5) Organizing and conducting schools for thetraining of personnel in operation of equip-ment, and preventive and organizationalmaintenance of engineer equipment.
b. The construction machinery supervisor is secondin command of the platoon. He helps the platoon leaderwith the control, supervision, training, dispatch, andemployment of the construction equipment section.
65. Operations
a. The construction and assault equipment of theequipment platoon is used by the combat company
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 47
commanders to supplement their own constructionequipment when necessary. Separate pieces of equip-ment, with operators, are allotted by the battalioncommander for specific purposes on the recommenda-tion of the S3 and upon completion of the project arereturned to the equipment platoon for inspection,maintenance, and reassignment. The unit commanderusing the equipment has operational control over it.Qualified personnel of the equipment platoon give tech-nical assistance to the using company, to prevent abuseof the equipment and to provide information on itsuse, capability, and operation.
b. The equipment is adequate for most heavy engi-neer construction work encountered in the construc-tion, maintenance, and repair of routes of communica-tions (FM 5-10 and TM 5-252).
66. Traininga. General training of equipment platoon personnel
is coordinated with the headquarters and headquarterscompany commander.
b. Specialist training of equipment operators isgiven in a platoon school or in a battalion heavy equip-ment school supervised by the battalion motor officeror the platoon leader of the equipment platoon.
Section IV. EQUIPMENT PLATOON COMBATENGINEER VEHICLES
67. Mission
The mission of the combat engineer vehicles (fig. 16)is to provide armored engineer support to engineercombat operations. The 90-mm gun tanks with dozer
48 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
blade will be included in TOE's 5-15T and 5-16T as asubstitute for the combat engineer vehicle until suchtime as the latter becomes available for issue. Suc-ceeding paragraphs are generally applicable to theemployment of the substitute item.
68. Organization and Duties of Personnel
Each of the organic combat engineer vehicles isoperated by a 4-man crew consisting of 1 commander,2 crewmen, and 1 driver.
a. The commander is responsible for the control andcoordination of the vehicle and assigned crew. Hedirects the operation of the vehicle to take advantageof cover and maneuver. He supervises the maintenanceof the vehicle, vehicular equipment, and all weapons.
Figure 16. Tank dozer used by engineers to clear debris.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 49
He directs the fire of the weapons as required. Hemaintains intervehicular and vehicular-company com-munications.
b. One tank crewman is the gunner who fires the·vehicle gun and machine gun to destroy enemy person-nel, equipment, vehicles, obstacles, and other targets.
c. The other tank crewman is the cannoneer wholoads the vehicle gun, assists in operating the tankradio, and performs other duties as directed by thevehicle commander.
d. The driver is responsible for the operation of thevehicle and attachments and performs preventivemaintenance services. He can fire the weapons asrequired.
e. Each crewman is trained in all the duties of the,other crewmen. Each crewman is a demolitionspecialist.
69. Employment
The combat engineer vehicles are employed eithersingly or as a group in support of the combat com-panies of the battalion. This support is usuallyaccomplished by attachment.
70. PioneeringThe combat engineer vehicles of the equipment pla-
toon clear wrecked vehicles and debris from roads andstreets, aid in removal of antitank and other obstacles,decontaminate roads and areas by surface scraping,fill in shell holes and ditches, and do all normal roughdozer operations in connection with roads, fords, andbridges.
50 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
71. Training
General training of combat engineer vehicle per-sonnel is provided by the company commander of theheadquarters and headquarters company. In additionto general training, the members of each engineerarmored vehicle crew must be given thorough trainingin their specialties and alternate assignments. Smoothcoordination and functioning by the vehicle crews mustbe emphasized in combined operations by foot andmechanized units. Primary training emphasis is placedon operation of the vehicle as a valuable item of engi-neer heavy equipment. Secondary emphasis is givento its use as a tank in combat.
Section V. COMBAT ENGINEER VEHICLEOPERATIONS
72. The Advance to Contact and Attack
During the attack combat engineer vehicles singly oras a group perform such missions as will facilitate theadvance of the supported unit. These missions mayinclude:
a. Improvement and clearing of fire-swept roadsand streets.
b. Destruction and removal of defended obstaclesother than mines (fig. 17).
c. Destruction of pillboxes and other enemydefenses.
d. Improvement of fire-swept bridge approaches andfords.
e. Delivery of limited support fire in emergencies.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 51
Figure 17. Engineer tank dozer clearing path through obstacles.
73. The Defense
During the defense, combat engineer vehicles aid in
the construction of defense areas and in the active'defense of such areas. Tasks may include:
a. Dozer work such as clearing fields of fire, fillingcraters, excavating, and rough grading.
b. Defense of obstacles or other antimechanized de-fense when required.
74. Retrograde Movements
During retrograde movements the combat engineer
vehicles perform tasks which facilitate the movement
of supported troops, hinder the movement of theenemy, and deny the enemy valuable facilities. Such
52 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
tasks may be performed by dozer work, destructionby demolitions, or fire in defense of obstacles andbarriers.
75. River-Crossing Operations
During a river-crossing operation combat engineervehicles may assist by-
a. Clearing debris, wrecked vehicles and other ob-stacles from near and far banks.
b. Constructing or repairing fire-swept approachroads, abutments, and landing sites.
c. Improving attack positions and initial assemblyareas.
76. Assault of Fortified Positions
Combat engineer vehicles can be used to greatadvantage in an assault of a fortified position becauseof their armor protection, firepower, mobility underfire, and special accessories. They are particularly use-ful in the following tasks:
a. Destruction and removal of obstacles by-
(1) Direct fire.
(2) Placing of demolitions.
(3) Placement of a demolition snake or similarmine-clearing device.
(4) Mechanical breaching with the dozer blade.(5) Blinding pillboxes by pushing earth over
embrasures.
(6) 'Providing transportation and protective firefor mine removal teams.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 53
b. Surmounting or bridging of obstacles by-
(1) Filling craters and ditches.(2) Laying mat over heavy wire entanglements
or crushing or pulling out light wire en-tanglements.
c. Rapid construction and maintenance of routesinto and through the gap in the fortified position.
77. Security
When security is not furnished by the supportedunit, the combat engineer vehicle commander must setup his own local security. The vehicle commanderemploys such measures as concealment, defilade, cover,
and a system of outposts. If no infantry or engineerfoot troops are teamed with the vehicle, at least onecrew member dismounts to serve as sentinel.
Section VI. COMPANY HEADQUARTERS; COMPANYOPERATIONS AND TRAINING
78. Mission
The company headquarters provides administrativeservices for headquarters and headquarters companyand battalion headquarters. These services pertain, ina broad sense, to all of the requirements of the person-nel including mess, supply, quarters, supervision ofnon-duty-hour activities, and the maintenance of ad-ministrative records. Company headquarters also isresponsible for the mess trucks and water trailers forthe combat companies. However, these vehicles willhabitually be attached to the combat companies.
54 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
79. Organization
Company headquarters is composed of a companycommander, executive officer, first sergeant, messsteward, supply sergeant, company clerk, cooks, andlight truck drivers.
80. Duties of Personnela. The company commander has basically the same
administrative duties as the combat company com-mander. However, he loses operational control overthe men in battalion headquarters while they are onduty in the staff sections. He maintains close contactwith the heads of the various staff sections to dischargeproperly his administrative responsibilities to theofficers and enlisted men of these sections.
b. The executive officer has generally the same ad-ministrative duties as the executive officer of an engi-neer combat company.
c. The first sergeant has the same duties and quali-fications as the first sergeant of a combat company, buthe has the additional task of administrative control ofthe enlisted men of battalion headquarters.
81. Company ClerkThe duties, employment, and training of the com-
pany clerk are identical with those of a combat com-pany clerk.
82. Mess Sectiona. Organization. The mess section consists of a mess
steward and cooks.
b. Duties of Mess Personnel. The duties of messpersonnel in headquarters and headquarters company
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 55
are similar to those in a combat company except thatthe cook's helper also drives the mess truck.
83. Supply Section
a. Organization. The supply section consists only ofthe supply sergeant.
b. Duties of Supply Personnel. The duties of thesupply sergeant of headquarters and headquarterscompany are similar to those of the supply sergeant inan engineer combat company.
84. Operation
Headquarters and headquarters company does notoperate technically or tactically as a unit except, pos-sibly, during extended infantry combat. Adminis-tratively, the company feeds, clothes, supplies, quar-ters, and handles the administration for all the menin the battalion headquarters and headquarters andservice company. The section chiefs and the companycommander informally arrange their working schedulesto permit a portion of the battalion headquarters per-sonnel to participate in military training. activities.For infantry reorganization, see appendix III.
56 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
CHAPTER 4
BATTALION HEADQUARTERS
Section I. GENERAL
85. Mission
The mission of battalion headquarters is to provideplanning, direction, supervision, maintenance and sup-ply, communication, medical, and personnel servicesfor the battalion.
86. Organization
Battalion headquarters (fig. 18) is divided into thefollowing elements: command, unit staff, unit specialstaff, and division special staff.
87. Duties of Battalion Commander and ExecutiveOfficer
a. The engineer battalion commander is also a mem-ber of the division commander's staff. His commandand staff functions are separate in that each involvesdifferent responsibilities and duties. Generally, hisduties consist of implementing the engineer battalioncapabilities listed in paragraph 7.
(1) The command function requires that the bat-talion commander direct, supervise, and con-trol the activities of all organic and attachedengineer troops and their equipment. He pre-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 57
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pares plans, policies, and orders. He visitsand inspects his troops and activities andconducts personal reconnaissance.
(2) The staff function requires the battalion com-mander to serve on the division special staffas division engineer. As such he furnishesengineering advice, information, and assist-ance to the division commander and staff. Hehelps prepare division plans, policies, andorders. He determines requirements for engi-neer supplies for units of the division andmaintains close contact with the divisiongeneral staff sections, particularly G3 and G4.He keeps informed on engineer phases ofplans of the other special staff officers andkeeps them informed of engineer requirementsfor their services. He maintains close liaisonwith the division artillery commander andbattle group commanders to anticipate theirengineer needs. He makes recommendationsfor engineer support from corps, when re-quired. He coordinates planning and main-tains close liaison with the corps engineer.
(3) If the use of atomic weapons is contemplated,the engineer may be responsible for partici-pation in the preliminary planning confer-ences in which ways and means are deter-mined to carry out the commanding general'splan. Targets are discussed by all interestedmembers of the staff, and the engineer may becalled upon to present reasons for the reten-tion or elimination of specific targets. He may
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 59
be detailed to assist in target analyses onproposed targets. Recommendations mayinclude-
(a) Quantity, type, and yield of weapons.(b) Height or depth of burst.(c) Desired emplacement site location..(d) On-call detonation or times of burst.(e) Troop and civilian safety precautions.
(4) The engineer may also be responsible forrecommendations concerning troops andspecial equipment to accomplish the mission.Upon the commander's decision to employ aprepositioned atomic weapon, the engineermay be responsible for designating the em-placing and firing unit. The engineer mayalso be responsible for the coordination ofthe supply and movement of equipment, ma-terials, and personnel to support a preposi-tioned atomic weapon mission.
(5) Since the division engineer is charged withboth command and staff responsibilities,either of which might occupy his full time, hemust adopt a method of operation that willpermit him to perform all of his duties prop-erly. To assist him in his dual role are hisexecutive officer and staff at battalion head-quarters and the assistant division engineer(ADE) sections at division and brigade head-quarters.
b. The executive officer is second in command. He isresponsible for supervision of the staff and controlsand coordinates all staff activities in accordance with
60 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
the orders and policies of the commander. The execu-tive officer remains at the battalion headquarters whenthe commanding officer is absent. He requires the staffto keep him informed of the battalion and divisionsituation.
Section II. DIVISION ENGINEER SECTION
88. Organization
The division engineer section consists of 2 identicalstaffs, each composed of 1 assistant division engineer,a combat construction foreman, a construction drafts-man, and a radio operator. This duplication providesequal capabilities at both division and brigade head-quarters and is necessary because brigade headquarterswill not only function as an alternate division head-quarters but will frequently command a significantportion of the divisional combat power.
89. Duties of Assistant Division Engineer and SectionPersonnel
The assistant division engineers represent the di-vision engineer at the division staff and brigade head-quarters and are empowered to make minor decisionsfor him in his absence. The assistant division engineersmust familiarize themselves with all division andengineer battalion activities. They are responsible forkeeping the engineer situation maps at division andbrigade headquarters accurate and up-to-date. Theykeep the engineer battalion informed on the activitiesand plans of the division and brigade headquarters.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 61
90. Operations
The sections are important liaison agencies betweendivision headquarters, brigade headquarters, and theengineer battalion. They normally operate at thedivision and brigade headquarters where they canreadily reach and be reached by the division and bri-gade commanders, and their staff officers. Throughtheir radios in the battalion net, the ADE's communi-cate with the battalion commander and members of hisstaff.
Section III. ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION
91. Organization
The administrative section consists of the adjutant(S1), personnel warrant officer, personnel sergeant,personnel administration clerk, personnel specialists,clerk-typist, mail clerk, chaplain's assistant, and radiooperator.
92. Duties of Adjutant and Section Personnel
a. Adjutant. The adjutant performs in general thefunctions of the personnel officer of the general stafftype organization, the functions of the secretary of thegeneral staff, the functions of the commander's per-sonal staff, and the personnel functions of those specialstaff officers who are not present in the battalion staff,such as the adjutant general, inspector general, staffjudge advocate, provost marshal, public informationofficer, and special services officer. He is responsiblefor staff supervision of the following activities:
62 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(1) Personnel management activities pertainingto-
(a) Classification to include the awarding andchanging of MOS, promotion and demotion.
(b) Assignment, to include reassignment, trans-fer, replacement processing, and reportingand requisitioning of personnel.
(c) Reenlistment.(d) Separation, to include discharge, relief
from active duty, retirement, and transferto the Army Reserve.
(e) Personnel services to include leaves ofabsence, awards, and decorations.
(f) Records required to perform personnelmanagement functions including all person-nel records.
(2) Maintenance of records on military justiceprocedures and assistance in the review ofcourts-martial proceedings from an adminis-trative viewpoint.
(3) Military pay matters.(4) Preparation and processing of reports on
casualties and prisoners of war.(5) Maintenance of strength and other personnel
statistics.(6) Operation of the headquarters communica-
tion control, distribution centers, and mes-senger service.
(7) Operation of the postal service for the bat-talion.
(8) Distribution, safeguarding, and accountingfor classified correspondence.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 63
(9) Publication, authentication, and distributionof all orders and instructions except combatorders.
(10) Maintenance of the office of record for theheadquarters and supervision of records ad-ministration throughout the battalion.
(11) Reproduction sevice for the headquarters.
(12) Obtaining replacements and arranging fortheir reception, processing, assignment, andquartering.
(13) Laying out the command post and establish-ing a standing operating procedure to guideits operation.
(14) Plans for shelter and quartering areas.
(15) Sanitation standards in coordination with thesurgeon.
(16) Coordination of recreation for battalion per-sonnel and evaluation of morale. Generalsupervision over the chaplain and mainte-nance of contact with welfare agencies.
(17) Arrangements for the collection and evacu-ation of prisoners of war in coordination withthe battalion S2 and S4.
(18) Maintenance of the unit journal.
b. Personnel Warrant Officer. The personnel war-rant officer assists the adjutant in personnel matters.He directs and supervises the activities of the person-nel sergeant and the personnel specialists. Specificallyhe supervises the following personnel functions:
(1) Preparation and maintenance of officer andenlisted qualification records, enlisted service
64 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
records, and other documents which are partof the personnel records jacket for officerand enlisted personnel.
(2) Classification, reclassification, assignment,and reassignment of enlisted personnel.
(3) Officer and enlisted separations actions.(4) Enlistment and reenlistment actions.(5) Enlisted appointment and reduction actions
(to and from pay grade E-5 and above).(6) Initiation of officer and enlisted military pay
orders, allotment applications, and travelvouchers, and enlisted family allowanceapplications.
(7) Verification of monthly officer and enlistedmachine records rosters against qualificationrecords and morning reports.
(8) Administrative actions on officer efficiencyreports.
(9) Preparation, maintenance, and use of per-sonnel information rosters and inventorycharts.
(10) Requisitioning of officer and enlisted person-nel for all elements of the unit (when theformal requisitioning system is specified bythe major commander).
(11) Surplus reporting of enlisted personnel.
(12) Audit of company morning reports, extrac-tion of information for records maintenanceand for reporting purposes, and coordinat-ing the correction of morning report errorsthrough companies concerned.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 65
(13) Preparation of strength returns and mis-cellaneous reports and rosters.
(14) Preparation of personnel correspondence.
(15) Publication of special orders and letterorders.
(16) Administrative actions on courts-martial andboard reports, reports of investigation andsurvey, and statements of charges for govern-ment property lost, damaged, or destroyed.
(17) Preparation of courts-martial charge sheets.
(18) Filing of correspondence, records, directives,and reports.
93. Training
Personnel of the administrative section are giventheir general training by the headquarters and head-quarters company. Administrative training is doneon the job or by sending selected personnel to schoolsconducted by higher headquarters in accordance withquotas made available to the battalion by divisionheadquarters.
Section IV. INTELLIGENCE SECTION
94. Organization
The intelligence section consists of an intelligenceofficer, reconnaissance officers, intelligence sergeant,engineer reconnaissance sergeants, clerk-typist, drafts-man, radio operators, map distributor. and stillphotographer.
66 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
95. Duties of Intelligence Officer and Section Personnel
a. Intelligence Officer. The intelligence officer is amember on the unit staff and directs the activities ofthe intelligence section. He is also battalion camouflageofficer. The general duties of an intelligence officer aredescribed in FM 101-5. Typical duties include-
(1) Collection, evaluation, and dissemination ofengineer information. The principal duty ofthe intelligence officer is to gather and evalu-ate engineer information and furnish it asneeded. He assigns missions to the battalionreconnaissance officers and, in coordinationwith S3, reconnaissance missions to the com-bat companies as required. The informationcollected pertains to radiological fallout;maps; routes of communication; terrain;sources of engineer supplies or usable equip-ment; engineering structures, both on friendlyand hostile territory; all minefields, booby-traps, and obstacles laid by either friendly orenemy troops; and examination of enemyengineer equipment and enemy practices re-garding its use. S2 must conserve the effortof reconnaissance agencies by specifying theesential elements of information during astated period and by issuing definite recon-naissance orders to the gathering agencies.
(2) Maintaining close contact with G2. G2assigns reconnaissance missions to the bat-talion as an agency in the division collectionplan. G2 also furnishes S2 with data, col-lected by nonengineer agencies, which may be
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 67
of value to the engineers. S2 on the otherhand may, while seeking technical informa-tion, discover valuable tactical informationwhich is promptly given to G2.
(3) Posting of the engineer intelligence map. As
an aid in collecting and evaluating engineerinformation and in disseminating the result-ing intelligence, S2 keeps an engineer intelli-gence situation map. This map shows the
result of reconnaissance, classification ofroads and bridges, potential water supplysites, sources of local materials, minefield in-
formation (FM 20-32), results of enemyaction, disposition of major units, and otheritems of engineer intelligence.
(4) Keeping the S2 journal. The S2 journal con-tains summaries of important written and oralmessages received and sent. It also contains
notes of periodic reports, orders, records of
important conferences, and similar matters
concerning the section. An S2 worksheet is
also maintained to facilitate systematic ar-
rangement of engineer information coming
into the intelligence section so that all items
on a particular subject will be grouped to-
gether for ready reference and comparison.
(5) Supervision of intelligence training. S2
assists S3 in supervising training in engineer
reconnaissance and combat intelligence.
Training must be carefully planned and
supervised so engineer troops gain a properviewpoint on the scope and importance of
68 TAGO 987-C, Aug
engineer reconnaissance and engineer recon-naissance reports.
(6) Conduct of combat intelligence and counter-intelligence activities. The S2 has staff re-sponsibility for the planning and execution ofcombat intelligence and counterintelligenceactivities in the battalion, including securityoperations. For example, in cooperation withthe S1, he is responsible for censorship ofpostal matter and security requirements forhandling messages. He examines enemy per-sonnel, captured documents, civilians, andmaterial of immediate importance to the unit.
(7) Procurement and distribution of maps. Theintelligence officer procures and distributesmaps in accordance with general policies laiddown by the G2.
(8) Furnishing information to battalion com-mander. The S2 assists the battalion com-mander in carrying out his functions as adivision special staff officer by furnishing himdetailed intelligence on which to base hisadvice to the division commander.
b. Reconnaissance Officer. Each reconnaissanceofficer supervises a reconnaissance team. He performssuch reconnaissance missions as may be assigned himand prepares the necessary reports. He is responsiblefor the training and performance of the personnel ofhis reconnaissance team and for the maintenance ofthe team's equipment. Each reconnaissance officer isassisted by an engineer reconnaissance sergeant and aradio operator. Reconnaissance personnel use light
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 69
aircraft for reconnaissance missions when possible. Airreconnaissance is not a substitute for ground recon-naissance. Instead it is best used as a preliminarymethod to reduce the area assigned for a detailedground reconnaissance by eliminating areas rated un-suitable from the air view. Light aircraft (fig. 19)within the division are normally made available to theengineers as required. Suggested missions for the useof light aircraft by the reconnaissance teams are-
(1) Locating general sites for water points.(2) Locating engineer material in specific areas.(3) Making preliminary reconnaissance of roads,
railroads, routes, and bridges.
(4) Locating some enemy obstacles.
(5) Checking camouflage effectiveness.(6) Locating prospective airfield sites.(7) Locating prospective river-crossing sites.
(8) Observing roads ahead of a march column.(9) Verification of terrain maps.
(10) Providing an aerial view for the sketchingof local areas.
(11) Performing photographic missions.(12) Locating prospective bivouac areas.
c. Combat Engineer Intelligence Sergeant. The com-bat engineer intelligence sergeant under the directionof the intelligence officer supervises the activities of thesection. He also helps the intelligence officer in 'hisduties by keeping the intelligence situation map up-to-date, preparing reports, instructing patrol and recon-naissance parties, keeping records, preparing corre-spondence, and performing other intelligence functions.
70 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Figure 19. Engineers use light aircraft for areconnaissance mission.
d. Map Distributor. The map distributor receivesor picks up maps for division operations from theCorps or Army map depot. Initial issue of maps fordivision operations is allotted by higher headquarters.The map distributor breaks down the map supply inaccordance with the policies established in the divisionstanding operating procedure. The map distributordrives the section's 21/ 2-ton truck.
e. Draftsman. The draftsman prepares overlays,sketches, and maps and performs drafting assignmentsas directed.
f. Photographer. The photographer makes, collects,and reproduces photos.
96. Training
Intelligence training is acquired on the job and byattendance at special schools conducted by the divisionG2 or by the corps or army engineer. Personnel of the
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 71
intelligence section must be trained to assist the S2 inthe processing of incoming information. The largeamount of data must be sorted, grouped, and recordedby type, so that related items may be convenientlycompared for evaluation and interpretation. In cata-loging data use is made of an S2 journal, engineer intel-ligence maps, S2 worksheets, and files. Information ofimmediate or potential value to other headquartersmust be transmitted promptly to the division G2, tothe corps engineer, or to the intelligence section of oneof the other services. All intelligence personnel mustbe taught the principle that intelligence is valuelessunless in the hands of those needing it when required.
Section V. OPERATIONS SECTION
97. Organization
The operations section consists of the S3, an assist-ant, an operations sergeant, a construction surveyor, aclerk-typist, a combat construction specialist, a con-struction draftsman, and a radio operator.
98. Duties of Operations Officer and Section Personnel
a. Operations Officer. The operations officer is amember of the unit staff and directs and supervises theoperations section. He may be the battalion chemical,biological and radiological (CBR) officer. His generalduties as operations and training officer are prescribedin FM 101-5. Typical duties include-
(1) Planning and assisting in supervision of bat-talion training.
(2) Planning the allocation of engineer troopsand construction equipment to various tasks
72 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
and preparing battalion operation orders. Hecoordinates his plans with S4 to be sure theplan of operations is adequately supported bythe supply plan.
(3) Arranging details for movement of the bat-talion under tactical conditions.
(4) Making a continuing estimate of the situa-tion so as to be able to make recommenda-tions at any time on the employment of thebattalion.
(5) Utilizing his assistants in the operations sec-tion to make technical reconnaissance, de-signs, and plans for accomplishing engineertasks.
(6) Conducting training and supervising atomicand CBR activities of the battalion.
(7) Keeping the engineer operations map.
(8) Recommending security measures for bat-talion headquarters to the battalion com-mander.
(9) Preparing tactical and technical reports asdirected.
(10) Recommending that requests tbe made foradditional engineer support.
(11) Planning reconnaissance missions for engi-neer operational information.
(12) Coordinating with supporting engineer units.
b. Assistant S3. In addition to assisting the S3, hecoordinates and supervises education and informationactivities.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 73
c. Combat Engineer Operations Sergeant. He helpsthe operations officer in performing his duties and insupervising the activities of the section.
d. Combat Construction Specialist. The combatconstruction specialist acts as a technical inspector andadvisor on all phases of engineer combat construction.
e. Other Personnel. The construction surveyor,clerk-typist, draftsman, and radio operator performduties in accordance with their specialties as directed.In addition the radio operator drives the section's1/4 -ton truck.
99. Training
The training of the operations section is parallel tothat of other headquarters sections. The basic andgeneral training of all enlisted personnel is conductedby the headquarters and service company. Somespecial training may be required, particularly for thetroop information and education specialist.
Section VI. SUPPLY SECTION
100. General
The supply section provides battalion supply, di-visional class II and IV engineer supply, and watersupply. The section has a limited organic truck assign-ment and therefore the class IV supply handling mustbe accomplished by shuttling of trucks from the di-vision transportation battalion. The personnel of thesupply section include the supply officer (S4), assist-ant supply officer, division engineer supply sergeant,battalion supply sergeant, water supply foreman,
74 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
engineer supply specialist, water supply specialists,supply clerk, and truck drivers. The supply section isdivided into four subsections: administrative, divisionengineer supply, battalion supply, and water supply.
101. Administrative Subsection
a. Organization. The administrative subsectionconsists of the supply officer (S4), a supply warrantofficer, a division engineer supply sergeant, a clerk-typist, and light truck drivers.
b. Duties of Supply Officer and Administrative Sub-section Personnel.
(1) S4. The S4 is both a member of the unit staffand the division engineer supply officer. Hearranges for the supply, transportation, andissue of engineer supplies to the division. TheS4 coordinates and supervises the supplyof fortification and construction materials forthe division. He supervises the supply sectionof the battalion and is responsible for itsfunctioning. In general, he must keep himselfinformed of the tactical situation and mustkeep in close contact with S2 and S3, with theengineer company commanders, with thedivision G4, and with all supply installations.The S4-
(a) Studies and collects detailed informationon the supply situation, in cooperation withS2. This information includes data on localresources, available credits in depots andother stocks under unit control, and cap-tured engineer supplies. Using this infor-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 75
mation, he advises the battalion com-mander as to availability of equipment andmaterials.
(b) Examines engineer requisitions and makesrecommendations for priorities of issue.
(c) In coordination with S3, recommends allo-cation of available engineer supplies, esti-mates future requirements, and when neces-sary arranges in advance for using units todraw them.
(d) Recommends the number and location ofwater supply points.
(e) Keeps a continuing inventory of stocks ofengineer materials available locally andarranges for taking over and distributingthem.
(f) In coordination with S3, allocates trans-portation, other than organic, to subordi-nate units.
(g) Supervises the procurement of all classes ofsupply for the battalion.
(h) Supervises the procurement of all engineersupplies for the division.
(i) Prepares reports as directed.
(j) Coordinates training of supply personnelwith the battalion S3.
(2) Assistant supply officer and division engineer
supply sergeant. The supply warrant officer
and division engineer supply sergeant help
the supply officer in his duties. They supervisethe activities of the subsections to insure the
76 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
even flow of supplies and see that all requisi-tions and supply records are kept correctlyand up-to-date. The assistant S4 is also thebattalion food supervisor. As such, he isresponsible for the procuring and distributingof food for the battalion, keeping battalionlevel mess records, and inspection of all com-pany mess facilities. Personnel of the bat-talion supply subsection assist him in thesematters.
(3) Drivers. All drivers in the supply sectionhelp in supply operations as well as drive andmaintain their vehicles. They may be requiredto process requisitions through a depot head-quarters, draw supplies, supervise or help inloading and unloading their vehicles, or checkissues to other units. The trucks are usedfor general hauling and are allotted to thesubsection as required.
102. Division Engineer Supply Subsection
a. Organization. The division engineer supply sub-section consists of a senior engineer supply sergeant,an engineer supply specialist, and a supply clerk.
b. Duties of Division Engineer Supply SubsectionPersonnel. The senior engineer supply specialist super-vises and directs the activities of the subsection. Thesubsection processes all requisitions and records forengineer supply for all units in or attached to thedivision. The subsection also supervises the distribu-tion of engineer supplies to all divisional units exceptthe engineer battalion. With the help of the supplyspecialist and clerk, the sergeant edits and consolidates
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 77
engineer requisitions, keeps engineer supply records,and receives, breaks down, stores, and issues engineersupplies.
103. Battalion Supply Subsection
a. Organization. The battalion supply subsectionconsists of a battalion supply sergeant, a supply clerk,and an engineer supply specialist.
b. Duties of Battalion Supply Subsection Personnel.The battalion supply sergeant directs and supervisesthe activities of the subsection. With the help of theclerk and the supply specialist, he edits and consolidatesrequisitions for all classes of supplies, keeps supplyrecords; and receives, breaks down, stores, and issuesall classes of supplies to the battalion. These suppliesinclude rations, clothing and equipment, petroleumproducts, signal equipment, and ammunition. The sec-tion personnel also procure, break down, and issue allrations for units within or attached to the battalion.Battalion level mess records are kept and necessaryreports are submitted as directed by the supply war-rant officer.
104. Water Supply Subsection
a. Organization. The water supply subsection con-sists of a water supply foreman and water supplyspecialists. The specialists are organized into fiveteams.
b. Duties of Water Supply Subsection Personnel.The water supply sergeant (foreman) directs andsupervises the activities of the water supply subsection.He is responsible for the maintenance, installation, andoperation of water points (fig. 20). He may conduct
78 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
reconnaissance for locating water supply points andrecommend schedules for drawing water. With thehelp of the specialists he performs the following duties:
(1) Installs, operates, and demounts waterpoints.
(2) Maintains and performs minor repairs onwater purification equipment.
(3) Pumps, stores, and dispenses water.(4) Performs tests in the field to identify and
measure impurities and CBR contamination,to determine the treatment required, to checkthe effectiveness of treatment, and to insurethat the issued water is pure and potable.
(5) Enforces sanitary, traffic, security, andcamouflage regulations at the water point.
(6) Keeps water supply records and submitsnecessary reports.
c. Operations.(1) Under the guidance of the water supply fore-
man, the subsection operates 5 teams. Nor-mally, 1 team will support each committedbattle group. Teams may be attached to theengineer combat companies that support thebattle groups. Alternatively, teams may beattached to any unit. If attachment is im-practical, teams may operate independently.It is practical to operate 4 points in depthacross the divisional front (2 up and 2 back)and displaced in the direction of movement.The fifth point could then be held in reserveor used to support the remainder of the di-vision depending upon depth of area ofoperations.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 79
Figure 20. Engineers operating a water supply point.
(2) 21/2-ton cargo trucks and 11/2-ton trailers are
assigned to the water supply subsection.
These are used to transport the water puri-
fication sets. One truck and trailer is neces-
sary to transport each team and its equip-
ment to successive sites. Additional mobility
and speed in going into and out of operation
may be obtained by bolting some components
of the purification unit to the floor of each
trailer.
(3) The water supply sergeant visits each water
point daily to deliver supplies, food, and mail
and to help the team at the point with any
difficulties that may develop.
so TAGO 987-C, Aug.
d. Training. The organization of the water supplysubsection lends itself to on-the-job training and to theadvancement of inexperienced men assigned to it. Thetechnique can easily be learned on the job if some ofthe personnel are experienced. The water supply fore-man is furnished with the cadre and may be appropri-ately used to train the entire subsection in a short butintensive school type course. School quotas are utilizedwhen available to train in the more technical jobs. SeeTM 5-295 and FS 5-108 for additional information.
Section VII. COMMUNICATION SECTION
105. Organization
The communication section consists of the com-munication officer, a communication chief, radio oper-ators, radio mechanics, switchboard operators, tele-typewriter operators, wiremen, and message centerclerks.
106. Duties of Communication Officer and SectionPersonnel
a. Communication Officer. The communicationofficer directs the communication section and, as aspecial staff officer, supervises all communicationsactivities and organizational maintenance on signalequipment in the entire battalion. His duties are to-
(1) Advise the battalion commander and staff onmatters of signal communication technique.
(2) Prepare plans and supervise the establish-ment, operation, and maintenance of the engi-neer communication system (figs. 21 and 22).
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 81
AN/GRC-19 AN/GRC-19 AN/GRC-I9 AN/GRC-19 AN/GRC-19
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INTELL SEC EQUIPMENT PLATOON
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AN GR19
AN/ RC-9
ASST DIV ENGR GSST DIV ENGR
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RN CO
AN/VRC-I GRIDGE SECAN/GRC- 9
DIV CO NT
AN/GRC-19
AN/GRCG46
Div COMO LOG NET WARNING NET
Figure 21. Typical radio net, infantry division,
engineer battalion.
(3) Supervise technical training of battalion
communication personnel.
(4) Advise and assist S4 regarding supply of sig-
nal communication materials for the bat-
talion.
(5) Make recommendations, in coordination with
S1, for initial and successive locations of the
command post of the battalion.
82 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
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(6) Make recommendations for procuring and re-placing signal communication personnel.
(7) Develop prearranged messages in coordina-tion with S3.
b. Communication Chief. The communication chiefhelps the communication officer in his duties. The com-munication chief supervises the section in the installa-tion, operation, and maintenance of the wire and radiocommunication facilities. He may instruct and traincommunication personnel in the technique of field com-munications. He supervises the radio operators inoperating the battalion net control station.
(1) As communication center chief he directs andcoordinates all phases of communicationcenter operations to insure the transmissionof all messages with the utmost speed, ac-curacy, and security. He supervises and in-structs communication center personnel in theoperation of a message center and in the per-formance of individual assignments.
(2) He keeps necessary records pertaining to theoperation of wire, radio, and message centeractivities.
c. Message Center Clerks. The message centerclerks operate the battalion message center under thedirect supervision of the communication chief. Theirprimary functions are to receive, transmit, and dis-tribute messages and to keep the necessary recordspertaining thereto.
d. Switchboard, Radio, and Teletypewriter Oper-ators. The switchboard, radio, and teletypewriteroperators install and operate the wire and radio facili-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 83
ties of the communication section and perform minormaintenance on the equipment.
e. Wiremen. The wiremen help install the wireequipment and make minor repairs. They are alsotrained to be alternate switchboard and radiooperators.
f. Radio Mechanic. The radio mechanic does organ-izational maintenance on signal equipment in the com-munication section and in the headquarters and head-quarters company. He assists in the installation ofwire and radio equipment.
107. Operations
The communication section operates the battalionradio net, as required by the battalion commander,operates the radio for communication with divisionheadquarters, operates the telephone system and mes-sage center, and does organizational maintenance onSignal Corps equipment in battalion headquarters andheadquarters and service company. Operators are pro-vided for 24-hour communication. See FM's 7-100and 11-10 for more details on communications in thedivision.
Section VIII. MAINTENANCE SECTION
108. Mission
The maintenance section performs company mainte-nance for headquarters and headquarters company,organizational maintenance for all battalion equip-ment, and third echelon maintenance for all divisionalengineer equipment.
84 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
109. Organization
The section is divided into a battalion maintenancesubsection and a field maintenance subsection. Thebattalion motor officer supervises both subsections.
Section IX. BATTALION MAINTENANCE SUBSECTION
110. Organization
The battalion maintenance subsection is composedof a motor officer, warrant officer (assistant motorofficer to the battalion motor officer), motor sergeant,senior engineer equipment mechanics, senior wheeledvehicle mechanics, armorer, engineer equipment me-chanics, tracked vehicle mechanic, welder, wheeledvehicle mechanics, engineer equipment mechanic'shelpers, sign painter, toolroom keeper and wheeledvehicle mechanic's helpers.
111. Duties of Battalion Motor Officer and SectionPersonnel
a. Battalion Motor Officer. The battalion motorofficer, a member of the special staff, exercises immedi-ate control over the organizational maintenance sec-tion. His duties are to-
(1) Advise the battalion commander, his staff,and subordinate commanders on the tech-nical aspects of automotive operation andmaintenance.
(2) Direct the operations of the battalion main-tenance section.
(3) In coordination with S3, direct the training ofdrivers, mechanics, and operators.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 85
(4) Prepare reports and maintain records onequipment and supplies.
b. Assistant Motor Officer. The warrant officerunder the immediate supervision of the motor officerdirects the operation of the battalion shop, givingtechnical advice and help to all company motor poolpersonnel. His duties are to-
(1) Check incoming repair work to determineamount and exact nature of repairs.
(2) Set up maintenance schedules on vehicles andequipment in accordance with existingdirectives.
(3) Assign repair and maintenance work.(4) Inspect shop operations to insure that repair
schedules are maintained and that correctmethods are being used.
(5) Check completed work to insure that vehiclesand equipment are in proper operating con-dition before being released from the shop.
112. Operations
The battalion maintenance subsection providesorganizational maintenance service for headquartersand headquarters company and all battalion vehiclesand other equipment. The battalion maintenance sec-tion is supervised by the assistant motor officer and isunder control of the battalion motor officer. The head-quarters and headquarters company shop is supervisedby the motor sergeant. The battalion maintenance sub-section issues parts and repair supplies to the combatcompanies.
86 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section X. FIELD MAINTENANCE SUBSECTION
113. Organization
The field maintenance subsection is composed of thebattalion engineer equipment maintenance officer, anengineer equipment maintenance warrant officer, sec-tion chief, machinist, diesel repairmen, engineer equip-ment repairmen, engineer parts specialists, electricgenerator repairmen (fig. 23), special electric devicerepairman, and welder.
114. Duties of Personnel
a. Division Engineer Equipment Maintenance Offi-cer. The division engineer equipment maintenance
Figure 23. Electric repair set, field maintenance section.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 87
officer exercises control of third echelon engineer main-tenance activities in the division. His duties are to-
(1) Advise commanders and their staffs on tech-nical aspects of engineer equipment opera-tion and maintenance.
(2) Direct the supply and operations of the engi-neer field maintenance section.
(3) Advise commanders and staff concerningtraining of engineer maintenance personneland equipment operators.
(4) Prepare reports and records of engineerequipment and supplies.
b. Assistant Division Engineer Equipment Mainte-nance Officer. The assistant engineer equipment main-tenance officer supervises the engineer field mainte-nance shop (fig. 24). His duties are to-
(1) Check incoming repair work to determineamount and exact nature of repairs.
field maintenance section.
88 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(2) Assign repair and maintenance work.
(3) Inspect shop operations to insure that repairschedules are maintained and that correctmethods are being used.
(4) Check completed work to insure that vehiclesand equipment are in proper operating condi-tion before being released from the shop.
115. Operations
The field maintenance subsection inspects andeffects third echelon repair of engineer equipment inthe division at work sites. Major items which aredetermined to be beyond the capabilities of contactrepair (fig. 25) will be evacuated by the using organi-zation to the supporting engineer field maintenancecompany. Minor items, such as sniperscope, small gen-erators, and compressors, may, at the discretion of theengineer inspector, be evacuated to the field mainte-nance subsection for repair and return. However, therequirement of maintaining mobility and the lack ofevacuation equipment make it mandatory that thefield maintenance subsection not build up backlogsof items for repair beyond that which can be moved bymeans of its organic equipment. The engineer fieldmaintenance subsection is based upon the supportingengineer field maintenance company for repair parts.The engineer field maintenance subsection will main-tain continuous liaison with division organizations andthe supporting engineer field maintenance company inorder to speed up the evacuation, repair, and return ofitems from the field maintenance company to divisionorganizations.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 89
Figure 25. Field maintenance contact repair vehicle.
116. Training
a. General training of field maintenance section per-sonnel is coordinated with the battalion S3.
b. Specialist training of mechanics is given by bat-
talion or division schools, service schools, or on-the-job training. When school quotas are not available, itis usually possible to arrange for the on-the-job train-ing of a selected soldier by a qualified technician in anearby engineer unit. In addition to individual train-ing, the section needs considerable "shakedown" train-ing to enable it to move and work as an efficient team.
Section XI. CHAPLAIN SECTION
117. Organization
The chaplain, a member of the special staff, isassigned to battalion headquarters and his enlistedassistant, to the administrative and personnel section.
90 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
118. Duties of the Chaplain
The chaplain is advisor to the battalion commanderand staff on all matters pertaining to religious welfare.He furnishes spiritual guidance and religious servicesfor all members of the battalion.
Section XII. MEDICAL SECTION
119. Organization
The medical section consists of a medical officer, sec-tion sergeant, senior medical aidman, company aidmen, aid station attendant, medical aid men, generalclerk, and ambulance driver. Aid men are attachedto the companies in accordance with the anticipatedneed for their services.
120. Duties of Medical Officer and Section Personnel
a. Medical Officer. The medical officer, a member ofthe special staff, directs the battalion medical sectionand supervises the medical services of the battalion.He serves as advisor to the battalion commander andstaff on matters affecting the health of the commandand the sanitation of the battalion area. In general themedical officer-
(1) Supervises training in medical subjects withinthe battalion.
(2) Makes medical and sanitary inspections andkeeps the battalion commander informed onthe health of the battalion.
(3) Prepares the medical plan, including recom-mendations for location of the battalion aidstation.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 91
(4) Establishes and operates the battalion aidstation.
(5) Supervises the collection, care and treatment,and evacuation of the sick and injured.
(6) Requisitions the medical supplies and equip-ment required by the medical section.
(7) Verifies the status of medical supplies in allelements of the battalion and recommendssteps to insure timely replenishment.
(8) Prepares the monthly sanitary report andother required medical records and reports.
b. Section Sergeant. This noncommissioned officer,under the supervision of the medical officer, directs thetechnical and administrative activities of the section.
c. Other Section Personnel. Other section personnelassist in the care of the sick and injured, act as com-pany aid men, drive the ambulance, keep records, andprepare reports and correspondence.
121. OperationsThe medical officer, in coordination with S3, super-
vises the medical training in the battalion. The sectionprovides company aid men, operates a battalion aidstation, and may evacuate casualties to the divisionclearing company. Dental care is obtained at thenearest division clearing station.
92 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
CHAPTER 5
BATTALION OPERATIONS
Section I. GENERAL
122. Employment
a. The battalion functions as a unit only during cer-tain phases of training, on large engineering projects,or as infantry in combat. It executes all types of nor-mal engineer combat missions. An engineer combatcompany may operate in direct support of each com-mitted battle group. The remainder of the battalionperforms engineer missions in the division area and isprepared to reinforce the forward engineer companiesas required. Engineer troops are attached only whennecessary battalion control cannot be effected bydirect or general support. Direct or general supportroles give the division engineer proper control of histroops, and provide for the maximum flexibility andeffectiveness of engineer effort within the infantrydivision.
b. In instances where an engineer unit from theengineer battalion is in support of, or attached to abattle group, the engineer commander of that unit actsas engineer advisor to the battle group commander.
123. Standing Operating Procedure
A battalion standing operating procedure (SOP)promotes smooth functioning throughout the bat-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 93
talion and aids in orienting newly assigned personnel.To be effective, an SOP is informative, understandable,and complete, yet concise. Appendix II shows an SOPsample outline.
124. Security
Each commander is responsible for the security ofhis unit. Security includes all measures taken by acommander to protect the unit against enemy interfer-ence, surprise, and observation. The measures adoptedshould be appropriate to the threat; as the dangerbecomes greater, security measures are increased. Forthe engineers, security measures are required to pro-tect troops and equipment in bivouac and during move-ment and to protect work parties. Work parties aresometimes protected by infantry elements so moreengineer troops can be released for work on engineermissions. Security is also required at stationary posi-tions such as completed bridges and their approachesand bridges prepared for demolition. Details of compo-sition, organization, operation, and nomenclature ofsecurity elements are given in FM's 7-10, 7-40, and7-100.
Section II. TRAINING
125. General
This section outlines the progressive training, fromthe basic and advanced individual training throughunit, combined, and concurrent training of the in-fantry division, engineer battalion. It should be keptin mind that training never ceases, before, during, or
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after combat, and that the ultimate goal of all train-ing is success in battle.
126. Responsibility
a. Commanders at each echelon are responsible fortraining their units. The battalion commander is re-sponsible for the training of his organization. Simi-larly, the company commanders are responsible for thetraining of their units. The battalion operations andtraining officer (S3) prepares a training program andmakes recommendations concerning training to thebattalion commander. He also establishes battalion-level schools for officers, noncomissioned officers, andspecialists.
b. Subject to modifications imposed by divisiontraining directives, training follows Army TrainingPrograms (ATP's). In accordance with the infantrydivision training program, ATP's prescribe the train-ing subjects and the minimum time to be spent on eachsubject during each phase of training. Throughout alltraining, the application of prior instruction to currenttraining is stressed. Instruction in a subject once com-pleted must not be neglected; it must be applied when-ever possible and concurrently with other training.
c. In the conduct of the Army Training Program theinstructor should keep in mind the importance of theintegration of intelligence into the instruction beingpresented. A substantial number of subjects in theATP include intelligence phases or factors which canbe emphasized during the instruction period. The bat-talion intelligence officer will assist by furnishing mate-rial and guidance for this integration.
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127. Management
a. Preparation. Responsible commanders must in-sure thorough preparation by the instructor and effec-tive presentation of instruction by coordinated expla-nation, demonstration, application, and examination.Every effort must be made to insure that instruction,whether classroom, field, or on-the-job training, iscarefully prepared and presented in an understand-able, interesting, and dynamic way. Fundamentaltraining doctrine and principles of training are out-lined in FM 21-5 and FM 100-5. Detailed instructionsfor engineer training are in FM's, TM's, and ATP's ofthe 5-series. Special training instructions are publishedin training circulars and periodic training directives.Department of the Army publications, training films,and film strips, and visual training aids are listed inDA Pams. 108-1 and 310-1 through 310-5. Additionalnecessary training aids should be prepared to accom-plish the training mission effectively. To be of maxi-mum value to the student all instruction and trainingshould follow these recognized steps:
(1) Instructor preparation.(2) Instructor explanation.(3) Instructor demonstration.(4) Student application.(5) Student examination.(6) Instructor-controlled discussion.
b. Equipment. Newly activated engineer units arenormally furnished enough equipment to permit effec-tive training. If the equipment is inadequate, everyeffort must be made through proper supply channelsto obtain what is necessary. If needed equipment is
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still not available, expedients must be constructed andused. Proper utilization and economy of equipmentrequires that the training schedule be arranged so thatavailable equipment can be rotated among using units.
c. Training Time. A general breakdown showingtotal time to be devoted to each subject in a 44- or 48-hour week is given in Army Training Programs. Forty-four hours constitute a minimum training week; nightoperations, bivouac, field exercises, and maneuversnormally require much additional time. The numberof weeks of basic, unit, and combined training periodsare published from time to time by the Department ofthe Army.
d. Training Areas. Large training areas are neces-sary so that training in such subjects as explosives anddemolitions can be safely isolated. Training areasshould be selected which contain a variety of terrainconditions.
e. Supervision. Proper training requires active per-sonnel supervision by higher echelon commanders andtheir staffs. Each company commander constantlysupervises training of his unit. Administrative workis planned in order to have a minimum adverse effecton the training mission.
f. Inspections.
(1) Frequent training inspections are made byeach command level to evaluate the progressof training and to determine what trainingmust be stressed to reach required standards.Inspections cover all phases of training. Engi-neer soldiers are first tested in their indi-vidual military and technical proficiency and
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then on their abilities as members of anengineer unit. Performance in combat is theonly true test of training.
(2) Inspecting officers are just, impartial, andconstructive in their relations with subordi-nates. They assist and teach, as well as.un-cover faults and deficiencies.
128. Essential Training Phases
a. General. The training program for a newly acti-vated infantry division engineer battalion is outlinedin ATP 5-300.
b. Objective. The objective is to train the battalionto perform the combat construction and other combatduties that are of critical importance and normal tothe unit's performance in the field.
129. Cadre Training Phase
a. General. A period prior to the start of basicindividual training is allotted to cadre testing, training,and organization. Subjects to be covered are listed inATP 5-300.
b. Purpose. The purpose of this training period isto: test the proficiency of the cadre and make neces-sary corrections; review the employment, duties, andTOE of the infantry division, engineer battalion;establish unit standards; refresh the cadre in basic mil-itary and engineering subjects; review training meth-ods and management; ascertain post facilities fortraining aids and areas; and conduct organization andadministrative duties.
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130. Basic Individual Training (Basic Military)
a. General. Filler personnel from reception centersundergo basic military training in accordance withATP 21-114. The basic engineer subjects introducedduring this phase of individual training are common toall privates regardless of arm or service.
b. Purpose. Basic military training is designed toorient the individual into the Army way of life. Itteaches him to care for himself, his equipment, and hisfellow soldier. It prepares him for advanced indi-vidual training and to take his place as a memberof the military team.
c. Subjects Covered. The schedule of subjects to becovered during basic individual training is shown inATP 21-114.
131. Advanced Individual Training (Basic EngineerTraining)
a. General. The advanced phase of individual train-ing is devoted, principally, to specialist training.
b. Purpose. The purpose of this training is to qual-ify the individual soldier and to enable the unit com-mander to appraise the qualifications and aptitudes ofthe individual soldier in filling the specialists' positionsof the TOE.
c. Subjects Covered. The training during this periodis covered in ATP 5-300.
132. Unit Training
a. General. Unit training of the battalion consists oftraining in all phases of combat operations. During
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this phase, the battalion spends much of the time in thefield working under simulated combat conditions. In-creased emphasis is placed on leadership, administra-tive efficiency, unit integrity and teamwork, morale,and supply economy. Competitive exercises betweenunits can be used to advantage during this period topromote excellence in performance of tasks and prideof individuals in their unit.
b. Purpose. Unit training is to develop and polishthe skills learned in individual training and to teachmen to perform as members of a team.
133. Phases of Unit Training
a. Basic. Basic unit training provides the teamtraining in which individuals are welded into effectivesquads and platoons. Emphasis is placed on perform-ance of combat and combat construction tasks requir-ing hand labor, drill type organization, and use offield expedients.
b. Advanced. Advanced unit training provides teamtraining in company and battalion tasks with the pla-toons or squads reinforced with heavy engineerequipment.
c. Combined. The engineer battalion now takes itsplace in the infantry division and functions as the"division engineers." Field exercises and maneuversare held under simulated combat conditions. Engineercombat companies are associated with the battlegroups to promote maximum coordination and under-standing between supporting and supported units dur-ing combat. Exercises establish an association be-tween a specific engineer company and a specific battle
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group because each company will habitually supportthe same group. The bridge section is employed inconjunction with the engineer combat companies. Theassault section is also employed with the engineer com-bat companies in performing rough "dozer" work undersimulated fire and furnishes fire support with the tankarmament. The command, staff, and administrativesections throughout the battalion receive practical andintensive training in their respective fields. Approxi-mately one week of the combined training period isdevoted to proficiency testing of the battalion by thearmy commander or other authority responsible forunit training.
134. Concurrent Training
a. General. To increase the realistic effectiveness oftraining, arbitrary boundaries between training phasesare to be avoided and efforts are made to integrate andrelate each subject to another subject and all subjectsto the team mission. This will entail to some degreethe concurrent conductance of basic, advanced indi-vidual, specialist, and unit training. Judicious appli-cation of this principle without violating that of logi-cal progression will result in attainment of the maxi-mum teamwork and miltary effectiveness for time ex-pended. Review of basic military and technical sub-jects must be regularly incorporated into the progres-sive training phases. Tactical requirements are in-cluded in many technical exercises, such as providingsecurity for bridge construction projects and the pro-tection of working parties and obstacles from bothground and air attack. Each commander must inte-grate leadership exercises throughout all training
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phases particularly during periods of tactical and tech-nical training. Command is decentralized and inter-ference with subordinate commanders kept to a mini-mum consistent with coordinated effort. All personnelmust be instilled with the idea that they must decideon and quickly take necessary steps in a situationwhich requires immediate action and where specificorders are not available.
b. Supply Economy. Throughout all training phases,every opportunity must be used to stress supply econ-omy. All engineer personnel must be thoroughlytrained to understand that, particularly in theaters ofoperation, supply is a crucial factor. Training andsupervision of all personnel in the conservation, care,and maintenance of individual and organizational sup-plies and equipment must be continuous. Definite re-sponsibility for each item of equipment and supply, instorage or in use, is placed upon an officer or enlistedman.
c. Staff Sections and Administrative Personnel. Theengineer battalion must have well-trained and highlycoordinated staff and administrative sections. Theirtraining, both individually and by sections, is contin-uous. Additional individual training may be receivedin special schools conducted by battalion or higherheadquarters. Standing operating procedures for theseelements, as well as for the operating echelons, shouldbe established at the command level where they canbe coordinated with SOPs of higher echelons.
d. Tactical Training. Progressive instruction in com-bat principles which apply particularly to security onthe march, in bivouac, and at work sites is closely tied
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in with all engineer training. Infantry methods andformations prescribed in FM's 7-10, 7-40, 7-100, and21-5 should be used as a guide, but they must beadapted to engineer strength, armament, and organiza-tion. A typical reorganization of the infantry divisionengineer battalion for combat as infantry is shown inappendix III.
Section Ili. ADMINISTRATIVE MOVEMENTS
135. Engineer Assistance to Other Arms
a. General. The division usually needs engineer sup-port when it moves. The engineer work generally con-sists of the following:
(1) Providing facilities and assistance duringloading and unloading at entraining, embar-kation, detraining, and debarkation points.
(2) Maintaining roads and bridges.(3) Preparing the new area to receive the unit.
This involves providing or improvingfacilities.
b. Employment. This engineer work normally re-quires keeping some engineers at the starting pointuntil the bulk of the division has departed, providingan engineer advance party to prepare the new area,and sending some engineers with each major echelonmoving independently. All of these engineers normallyremain under control of the division engineer. In gen-eral, engineer assistance is limited to work of benefitto the division as a whole or to work for which engi-neers are better trained and equipped than othertroops. Other units provide their own facilities andlabor as far as practicable.
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136. Engineer Work at Entraining Points
a. Type of Work. Engineers at entraining pointsmay-
(1) Construct or strengthen ramps and loadingplatforms.
(2) Construct or improve routes of approach.(3) Construct or improve railway spurs and
sidings.(4) Help troops of other arms to load and lash
equipment.(5) Convert railway cars for special uses, such
as modifying flatcars to accommodateequipment.
b. Loading Facilities. Every effort is made to chooseentraining points that require only a minimum of newconstruction or improvement. However, loading rampsand platforms often have to be built. Loading facilitiesare of two general types: side-loading and end-loading(FM 5-10 and TM 5-280).
137. Engineer Work on Roadsa. Engineer Reconnaissance. Engineers make a de-
tailed route reconnaissance before major motormarches. It is particularly important to determine theload capacities of bridges and roads and to estimatethe density and speed of traffic that the roads can carrywithout undue wear and tear. The division engineerrecommends routes to be followed and maximumspeeds to which both tracked and wheeled vehiclesshould be restricted. When applicable, he also esti-mates the time and work required to put the route inproper condition. During administrative moves,tracked vehicles are usually moved by rail.
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b. Engineer Work. Engineer work to put roads incondition for a troop movement is completed beforethe move starts. Such work consists of strengtheningbridges and making minor repairs to road surfaces.
c. Engineers With Advance Elements. Enough engi-neer troops accompany advance elements of the forceto do whatever work is necessary to meet contingen-cies while on the march. Engineer troops are alsolocated in the march column or columns to be readilyavailable for work beyond the capacity of the engi-neers of the advanced elements and to do any main-tenance work which becomes necessary as the forceadvances.
138. Engineer Work at Destination
Troops moving on foot, truck, or by track-typevehicles should be able to move their organic andattached transportation off the road and into theirbivouac area without halting. To make this possible,engineers may have to construct temporary crossingsover roadside ditches and gullies, improve secondaryroads and trails, and clear new trails. Engineer workat detraining points is similar to that at entrainingpoints.
139. Movement by Task Force
The engineer company comprising the engineer ele-ment of a task force (FM 7-100) is normally attachedand is adequate to support the movement of the force.Platoons of the engineer company may be furtherattached to elements of the task force in accordancewith the plans of the commander.
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140. Traffic Circulation
The engineers assist in traffic circulation plans bysupplying road and bridge reconnaissance reports,road maps and overlays, and posting signs andmarkers.
a. Road and Bridge Reconnaissance. Time availablefor reconnaissance may be limited, therefore priorityis given to the collection of essential information. Thisinformation must be accurate and kept up to date.It includes-
(1) Map or sketch of road net, including detoursand alternate routes available.
(2) Physical characteristics of roads, includingtype of surface, conditions, road width, andnumber of lanes.
(3) Location, type, and characteristics of limit-ing roadway surfaces, such as bridges, under-passes, steep grades, and one-way defiles. In-formation on such features includes loadcapacity, width, condition of approach, verti-cal clearance, and limitations on speed anddistance between vehicles.
(4) Mileage between important road intersections.
(5) Location and characteristics of facilities forturning, parking, and halting.
(6) Sections of important roads where engineerhelp is or may be required because of difficultoperating conditions.
b. Engineer Recommendations. The road and bridgedata obtained from the engineer reconnaissance areapplied directly, by the use of symbols, to a large-scale
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map or overlay of the area concerned and submittedto G4 with the engineer reconnaissance report. In-cluded in the report are recommendations for the pro-tection of the road net from abuses such as excessivespeeds, overloadings of roads and bridges, heavy andcontinuous traffic on roads with poor surface or sub-grades and the use of roads in need of repair. Thedivision engineer recommends a traffic circulation planconsistent with the engineer limitations of the road netand the availability of engineer troops.
c. Supply of Maps and Overlays. Overlays or mapsrequired for traffic control are prepared by the engi-neers as requested by G4.
d. Supply and Posting of Road Signs and Markers.The supply and posting of road signs in traffic opera-tions is a responsibility of the engineers. The determi-nation of the need for such signs and markers is aresponsibility of the G4 who coordinates the plans ofthe division engineer and the provost marshal. Signsare supplied to identify places, mark routes, statetraffic regulations, and warn of special road conditions.See FM 5-10 for proper sizes and locations for trafficsigns.
141. Battalion Movement
a. General. During administrative movements theengineer battalion usually moves as a unit forming anintegral part of the division. A move may be by motor,rail, water, or air. For long moves, it packs andstencils its own equipment in accordance with currentdirectives. For motor and rail movement it also loadsits own equipment.
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b. Motor March. The battalion is completely mobilein its organic transportation. Routine motor marcheswill normally be covered by a battalion SOP, withsuch items as routes, initial points, order of march,speed, and destination specified separately for eachmove (FM 25-10).
c. Rail Movement. In training and preparation formovement by rail, the engineer battalion should be-come familiar with packing, boxing, and crating oforganic equipment and the loading of equipment andpersonnel on railway cars. A battalion rail-movementtable and rail-movement annex to the SOP should beprepared and kept up to date. Detailed information onrail movements; types, characteristics, and capacitiesof railway cars; loading plans; and loading scales andtables are found in FM's 5-35, 100-5, 100-10, 101-10and AR's 55-105, 55-145.
d. Air Movement. The prime consideration in load-ing the engineer battalion for air movement is theanticipated employment in the airhead or at the desti-nation (fig. 26). Troops can best be controlled duringthe operation and after arrival at the landing area ifunit integrity is maintained. Key personnel and equip-ment should be distributed throughout the airlift tominimize the effect of losses. Equipment too heavyor too bulky to be air-transportable must either be dis-assembled for movement and then accompany thefollowup echelon to the destination or be turned in tothe appropriate depot. Prior to emplaning, troops areinstructed in the loading and lashing of equipment, insafety regulations on airstrips and in flight, and in theplan of assembly after landing. The battalion rail
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Figure 26. Engineers transported to forward area by helicopter.
movement table, with a few alterations, may be used incompiling an air movement table. For further detailsof movement by air see FM's 57-30, 100-5, 100-10,101-10, and TM 57-210.
e. Water Movement. Water movement requires spe-cial packing, crating, and marking of equipment andadditional training of personnel. Destination, mis-sion, type of operation, anticipated employment ondisembarking, available shipping space and type ofvessel are factors which determine whether the unitwill be combat loaded, unit loaded, or convoy loaded.The same data contained in the battalion rail move-ment table, but in a slightly different form, can be usedfor the unit personnel and tonnage table in preparationfor movement by water. For additional information onwater movements see FM's 31-5,100-5, 100-10, 101-10,and SR 55-720-1.
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Section IV. TACTICAL MOVEMENTS
142. General
A march in a combat zone is a tactical march whenthe column will be employed against the enemy uponmaking contact or when interference from the enemyis a possibility. The mission of the column, proximityof hostile ground forces, terrain over which the columnwill travel, types of enemy resistance expected, andactivity of hostile air forces are all primary factorsthat will determine the organization and compositionof the column in a tactical march. Divisional move-ment orders are prepared by G3 in coordination withother staff officers. G3 coordinates particularly withG4 in the selection of routes and in movements requir-ing transportation in addition to organic transporta-tion. Divisional units, including the engineer battalion,should maintain tables showing road space require-ments for their units based on actual strength andmaterial on hand. However, these basic figures maybe greatly increased or decreased under extremes ofvariable factors such as weather, road conditions, andhostile air and mechanized threats. Basic road spacesfor both foot troops and motor elements are shown inFM 101-10.
143. Division Motor Movement
During a motor march the infantry division mayeither move in 1 trip by use of attached transporta-tion, or by echelon. If the latter move is made in 2echelons of 3 or 4 serials each, each serial is usuallycomposed of a battle group with separate serials fordivision troops and division trains. Necessary trucks
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in the first echelon return to assist in moving the secondechelon. Security for the move is normally furnishedby the infantry division cavalry squadron. See FM101-10 for road space, time lengths, march graphs,march tables, and divisional motor movement SOP.
144. Battalion Participation
The engineer battalion participating in an infantrydivision tactical march will normally furnish rein-forced combat companies to support leading battlegroups. The remainder of the battalion normallymarches with the division troops serial. The battalionmay be required to furnish vehicles to assist in themovement of troops in both echelons. Certain equip-ment and vehicles from the engineer battalion may beattached to the division trains as desired by the di-vision engineer.
Section V. THE ADVANCE TO CONTACTAND THE ATTACK
145. General
a. The division engineer recommends disposition ofavailable engineer troops and equipment for all phasesof the advance and attack (fig. 27) based on thescheme of maneuver as announced by the divisioncommander. He recommends appropriate changes indisposition as the situation develops and the needarises. Engineers may be used in the advance guardand in the flank and rear security forces as well as inthe main body.
b. If the situation is such that the engineer battalionis unable to perform all the engineer tasks required,
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(+) ''COVERING FORCE
ADVANCE GUARD
MTZ 1 MTZ(+) (+)
Ir- (-)
Figure 27. Typical disposition of the engineer battalionorganized for the advance to contact.
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the division commander may request reinforcement. Inthis case, additional engineer units are placed in sup-port of the division engineer battalion by corps orarmy.
c. At times, nondivisional engineer units may beattached to the division or to the infantry divisionengineer battalion to accomplish a specific mission ormissions. For example, a corps engineer battalion maybe attached to the infantry division for a certain river-crossing operation. At the conclusion of the operation,the battalion is relieved from attachment and returnedto the control of its parent unit.
d. Except for special operations, it is normally de-sirable for corps engineer units, under parent unit con-trol, to support the division on an area-assigned basis.Boundaries between the divisional and corps engineerunits may be established informally to denote theforward working limit of the supporting engineer unit.Such working limits also serve to eliminate unnecessaryconcentration of nondivisional troops in forward areas.Specific missions, by corps engineer units, such asbridge or road construction or maintenance forward ofa work limit are made on a task assignment basis.
e. Regardless of the seniority of supporting engi-neer unit commanders, the commander of the infantrydivision engineer battalion remains the division engi-neer and directs the engineer work in the division areathrough liaison with the supporting units or throughrecommendations to the division commander.
146. Engineer Missions
a. During the advance to contact and the attack,emphasis is placed on "off the road" parking facilities,
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bivouacs, and camouflage. Reconnaissance is detailedand continuous, and is conducted, in part, by all com-manders concerned.
b. In general, the mission is to assist the forwardmovement of attacking echelons. The mission may beconsidered threefold:
(1) Assisting the movement of infantry and sup-porting arms (fig. 28).
(2) Assisting the troops protecting the flanks bycreating obstacles in roads and other possibleavenues of approach to the flanks.
(3) Performing general engineer tasks.
147. Control of Engineer Effort
a. Disposition of Engineer Troops. The divisionengineer recommends the disposition of engineer troopsfor each division operation. Such disposition is nor-
Figure 28. Combat engineers in the attack breach an obstacleand construct a temporary roadway.
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inally made by assigning engineers specific tasks, plac-ing engineer units in support of other elements or, insome cases, by attachment.
b. Responsibility for Control. The division engineermaintains contact with the advanced elements toassure that maximum value is obtained for the engi-neer effort expended. The engineer unit commanderretains control and command of the engineer elementbut must suit his plans and troop employment to theplans of the supported unit or units.
c. Liaison.
(1) Liaison between supporting and supportedunits and between adjacent units must be'maintained during the attack to assure co-operation and coordination between all unitsparticipating in the operation. It is the re-sponsibility of the supporting unit to estab-lish and maintain liaison with the supportedunit. Liaison between adjacent units is estab-lished as directed by the senior commander;usually each unit is charged with maintainingliaison with the unit to the right.
(2) The assistant division engineers are the chiefliaison agents among the engineer battalion,division headquarters, and brigade head-quarters. Similarly, liaison functions betweenthe supporting engineer company and a battlegroup are performed by personnel designatedby the company commander. The liaisonofficer is familiar with the capabilities andoperations of both units and keeps himselfcompletely informed of all plans and opera-
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tions in order to give reliable, up-to-date in-formation and advice to both commanders.If a further breakdown of engineer elementsbecomes necessary, they establish and main-tain liaison with their supported units.
148. Typical Engineer Duties
Engineer duties in the attack include-
a. Conducting reconnaissance.
b. Opening and improving roads, trails, and bridgesfor troop movement, supply, and evacuation.
c. Assisting in preparation of traffic circulationplans.
d. Assisting forward movement of infantry and sup-porting arms by repairing roads, constructing bridges,and removing obstacles.
e. Locating, marking, and removing mines.
f. Assisting in flank security through the use ofdemolitions, minefields, and obstacles.
g. Constructing advanced landing facilities for di-visional planes (fig. 29).
h. Such general duties as supply of engineer mate-rials, water, and maps which are continuous and nor-mal duties of headquarters and headquarters company.
149. Engineer Reconnaissance
a. Engineer reconnaissance during the advance isperformed initially by reconnaissance teams from bat-talion headquarters. These teams provide the divisionengineer with early, reliable engineer information in
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Figure 29. Advance landing facilities constructedby combat engineers.
the area over which the division is to advance. Routesof advance are thoroughly examined for serviceability,type, condition, location of critical points, alternate
routes, mines, and condition and types of bridges. This
reconnaissance will enable the teams to make an esti-
mate of engineer work to be done and of engineer
materials available. This on-the-ground reconnais-sance must be must be supplemented by air reconnaissance,map and aerial photograph studies, and study of recon-naissance from other elements of command. It is essen-tial that this reconnaissance be made prior to themovement, since the information gained provides abasis for the estimate of engineer troops, supplies, andequipment necessary to support the operation and forthe selection of routes and the formation of traffic cir-culation plans. Engineer reconnaissance elements from
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an engineer company may accompany the advanceguard of each leading battle group to provide the unitengineer with timely warning of engineer requirementsto the front. Terrain characteristics which appearfavorable to the advance are closely examined, es-pecially for possible enemy use of mines, obstacles,and defending weapons.
b. Engineer reconnaissance during the attack isthorough and detailed. On the ground, personal re-connaissance is made by commanders and is supple-mented by the study of maps, aerial photographs, andair and ground reconnaissance reports. Engineer com-bat companies supporting the committed battle groupsmake continuous reconnaissance of the routes of ad-vance, particularly the main supply route (MSR) andthe bridges, obstacles, mines, and sources of engineermaterials in their assigned areas. Engineer battalionreconnaissance teams continue their general reconnais-sance effort, following closely the forward engineercompanies and paying careful attention to the routesof advance, the MSR and lateral roads, bridges,obstacles, engineer materials, and sites for new waterpoints. Special reconnaissance missions are assignedby the battalion S2 as required. On the basis of thisreconnaissance information, engineer operational plansare made and means are provided to assist in main-taining the momentum of the attack.
150. Engineer Work Done by Other Arms
Because there are seldom enough engineer troopsavailable to do all the engineer work necessary toassist the advance of the infantry and supporting arms,the other troops do as much of this work as possible
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in order to help themselves. All combat and servicetroops are trained in the installation and removal ofantitank and antipersonnel mines. Infantry troops domuch of their own pioneer work, assisted by the engi-neer platoon organic to each battle group.
151. Engineer Platoon, Infantry Battle Group
a. The mission of the engineer platoon, infantrybattle group is to increase the combat effectivenessof the battle group by means of general engineer work.The engineer platoon is normally employed in generalsupport of the battle group to which it is organic. Theplatoon contains sufficient wheeled transportation tomove the entire unit and its equipment at one time andall equipment is air-transportable.
b. The capabilities of the engineer platoon, infantrybattle group are as follows. It can-
(1) Repair and improve roads and bridges.(2) Construct minor field works.(3) Install minefields, perform minefield recon-
naissance, supervise the breaching or removalof enemy minefields, and provide passagethrough friendly minefields.
(4) Emplace and execute demolitions.(5) Assist in reduction and destruction of enemy
fortifications.(6) Fight as infantry when required.
c. In instances where an engineer unit from theinfantry division engineer battalion is in support of, orattached to a battle group, the engineer commanderof that unit acts as advisor to the battle group com-mander on its employment.
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152. Engineers With the Advance Guard
a. Each column commander is supported by engi-neer troops, some of whom are normally assigned tothe advance guard. The commander of the engineerelement functions as the unit engineer of the advanceguard and maintains liaison with the advance guardcommander. During the advance of a battle group, aplatoon from the supporting engineer combat companynormally forms part of the advance guard.
b. A squad of engineers may travel with the point.If on foot, they have supporting troops, tools, andequipment following by bounds on transportation. Theengineers on foot normally have mine detectors andprobes. They search for and mark or remove mines(fig. 30), and remove all other obstacles within theircapabilities. Removal of large obstructions may re-quire additional engineer troops and equipment. Suchengineer elements are moved forward from the supportor reserve.
c. Engineer battalion reconnaissance parties movewith the forward elements of the advance guard to givetimely warning of required engineer work to the sup-ported and supporting units and the engineer battalioncommander.
d. The remainder of the engineers in the advanceguard move with the support or reserve. They are notseparated from their tools, transportation, and equip-ment. The advance guard engineers leave work partiesat vital points where need for engineer assistance existsor can be foreseen. These details rejoin their unit oncompleting their task. The engineers with the advanceguard may thus become depleted and by the end of
120 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Figure 30. Advance guard engineers search for mines.
the march may be deployed at a number of points.It may be necessary, therefore, to renew the engineerstrength of the advance guard by substituting a newunit for the original one which was depleted during themarch.
153. Initial DutiesThe initial mission of the engineer battalion includes
reconnaissance and preparation of the axial routes ofadvance. The preparation of the axial routes may re-quire the rehabilitation of old or construction of newroads, trails, and bridges, suitable for the wheeled andtrack-laying vehicles of the division and the 50-tonloads present also in the infantry division. Conse-quently, the magnitude of the engineer effort may varyconsiderably. Rapid construction of advanced landingfacilities for divisional aircraft may require consider-able engineer effort.
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154. Flank and Rear SecurityThe division engineers play a vital role in flank and
rear security by placing demolitions and mines andconstructing obstacles to prevent enemy interferenceagainst the division flank and rear. Flank and rearsecurity measures depend on such factors as-
a. Extent of flank exposed.
b. Proximity of adjacent friendly troops.
c. Type of terrain over which the attack is moving.
d. Reinforcing or reserve units available.
e. Natural obstacles.
f. Strength and morale of enemy forces.
g. Mobility of friendly and enemy forces.
155. Measures to Stop Enemy Advance
Engineers help stop the advance of enemy forces bycreating obstacles (fig. 31), and by improving naturalbarriers. Since troops of all arms can create obstacles,engineers are used to construct the more complicatedtypes. All obstacles are defended if feasible, by weap-ons of the covering force. Natural and manmadeobstacles assist in confusing, delaying, canalizing, orhalting enemy movement.
156. Use of Smoke
a. General. Smoke is sometimes used by engineersto mask operations and reduce casualties when work-ing in view of the enemy or under conditions whichprevent surprise. The smoke is used either as a screenbetween the work site and the enemy, as a blanket onenemy positions and observation posts, or as a haze
122 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
: · ~. . ~ ~%.- - . , :
Figure 31. Flank guard engineers laying antipersonneland antitank minefields.
over the area of operations itself. Under some condi-tions of wind and weather it is possible for engineertroops to lay and maintain an effective smoke screenby using smoke pots and grenades. Smoke is normallyobtained through the division artillery officer. The useof smoke must be planned carefully to prevent inter-ference arith the operations of friendly troops. Closecoordination with adjacent units poust be maintainedcoordihen smoke is to be used. Smoke skillfully employedcan aid in some engineer operations, but its promiscu-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 123
ous and ill-planned use can be a hindrance. It shouldbe used over large areas, since small concentrationsusually draw enemy fire.
b. Employment.
(1) Smoke can be used to mask engineer opera-tions such as: bridge building, river crossing,demolitions, and obstacles clearance includ-ing breaching of minefields. It can also beused to blanket supporting enemy fortifica-tions or strong points while the supportedfortification is being reduced.
(2) When the engineers are employed as infantry,they can use smoke to screen their own move-ment, blind hostile observation, and dis-organize enemy attacks. Colored smoke isused to indicate targets and to mark frontlines for supporting artillery or tactical air-force units.
c. Additional Information. For additional informa-tion on the use and source of smoke see FM's 3-5 and3-50.
Section VI. PURSUIT
157. General
The pursuit (fig. 32) is launched when the enemy isno longer able to maintain his position and endeavorsto escape. The commander of the attacking forceutilizes all means to maintain the continuity of theattack and to exert a relentless pressure on the defeated
124 TAGO 987-C, Aulg.
enemy. The pursuit is conducted on a broad front withcontinuous direct pressure against the retreating forces,combined with an enveloping or encircling maneuver toplace troops across the enemy's line of retreat. Theobject of the pursuit is the annihilation of the hostileforces.
AIR LANDED
Fso .... I
ENCIRCLINGDIRECT FORCE
PRESSURE -)
Figure 32. Typical disposition of the engineer battalionin the pursuit.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 125
158. Composition
The pursuing force is composed mainly of mobileinfantry element, reinforced by engineers, artillery,armor, combat aviation, and perhaps airborne troops.It is characterized by boldness, determination, speed,mobility, fire power, and coordination of the combinedarms team.
159. Employment of Engineers
The size of the supporting engineer unit depends onthe size of the pursuing force and the anticipated engi-neer work during the operation. Normally, engineerunits are placed well forward in the columns to facili-tate rapid stream crossing and removal of mines andother obstacles. Engineer units are normally attachedto, rather than used in support of, the major pursuingforce.
160. Duties of the Engineers
The pursuit is essentially an attack and thereforethe mission, employment, and duties of the engineersare generally the same as in the attack and are dis-cussed in FM's 7-10, 7-40, 7-100, 17-35 and 100-5.
Section VII. THE DEFENSE
161. Engineer Role in the Defense
a. General. This section describes the nature andextent of the activities of the infantry division engineerbattalion in support of the infantry division in a de-fensive situation. It includes activities pertaining tothe construction of defensive positions and the supply
126 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
of engineer materials for fortifications for either theposition defense or the mobile defense (figs. 33, 34,35, and 36).
b. Engineer Functions. In general, defensive posi-tions are laid out and constructed by the troops whichare to occupy them. However, engineers are used ex-tensively in performing such duties as-
(1) Conducting reconnaissance.
(2) Repairing, maintaining, and improving roadsfor supply and evacuation, and recommend-ing traffic circulation plans.
COVERING
00CCP~~m ~FORCESECURITY 1GOPLFORCES CP T
lCOLUp6 TO 7,00000
,500 T0 2,500 0 12,000YMSECCA 7) q ' cp C
WATTLE FEM FEM
TO FRONTTLE L- in /GROUPS) ii il
762 \ MME10 T 20
MILES
DIVISIONRESERVES OCCUPIED A0TER
IIIW "3/~ (COP0)010 RES
XX .,
|2,000 TO 20,000 0DS 05
Figure 33SS. Typical disposition of the engineer battalionin a position defense.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 127
FEBO _'9BFEB
III I1I · I
AVAILABLE FORRAPID MOVEMENT
ATTACHED
ENGRS ON FEBA LEGENDSD TO PLT SIZE · OBSERVATION POST
I MINIMUM FIRE POWER FORWARD i STRONG POINTS--PLATOON TO2. LIMITED MUTUAL SUPPORT REINFORCED3 AMPLE MANEUVER SPACE BATTLE GROUPS4. STRONG HIGHLY MOBILE STRIKING FORCE
Figure 34. Typical disposition of the engineer battalionin a mobile defense.
(3) Assisting in field works by providing engi-neer technicians, mechanical equipment,power tools, engineer materials, engineer tech-nical advice, and similar help.
(4) Constructing command and observationposts, and obstacles of all types.
(5) Assisting in flank and rear-area securitythrough use of demolitions and obstructions.
128 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
// ¥ t MULTIPLE LESM E USE........ .....CS
(8)TTLE GOUP INTO and supplying maps.
\ E lleME TN CO S TRICISO FORCE
162. Engineer Supply
t EITOER S OOCEIA OR COUMTER
W 'ATTACReISM PN MT M RO
Figure 35. Typical disposition of the engineer battalionin striking force of a mobile defense.
(6) Providing water supply facilities.(7) Providing camouflage materials and aiding in
their use.(8) Obtaining and supplying maps.(9) Participating in combat as infantry.
162. Engineer Supply
a. General. The division engineer is responsible forsupplying field fortification materials to all divisional
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 129
6 .500YDS 5,000 000
1 ..o© -c
4,000 - -, > C ITCH DTEN0-0 (_, °.) -T FROM BATTLE GROUPS. OR
II l,' ,,' r -
1't~~~ / \ \ ~~~~~~~BATTLE GROUPS IN DIVISION\ RESERVE IN BLOCKINM OSIITION
IJ/ %%. I OR DISPERSED IN USSEMBLY AREAS.i.j (-)-. ARMORED BATTALION (--) OISPERSEO
Fge3 Tycl\\J/ 0 Es o
Figure 36. Typical disposition of the engineer battalion in a
mobile defense based on battle group strong points.
and attached troops. In a defensive operation, theamount of materials required for field fortificationsmay be so great that transportation is furnished fromthe division or from supporting transportation units.Principal materials supplied include sandbags, pickets,barbed wire, timber, chicken wire, camouflage nets andgarnishing materials, steel bars, cement, and aggregate.Quantities of materials can be estimated by using datagiven in FMII 5-34.
130 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
b. Hasty Defense Positions. Since hasty defensepositions involve a relatively simple system of indi-vidual foxholes, gun emplacements, and obstacles con-structed under fire or the threat of immediate attack,speed in preparation is essential.
(1) Tools. Infantry units carry their own in-trenching equipment sets which are used ex-tensively and are supplemented by hand toolscarried by the engineers. Heavy engineerequipment is used where practical.
(2) Materials. When an attack may be expectedbefore the hasty organization is completed,distributing points or stock piles for fortifica-tion materials are located for the infantryunits far enough to the rear so that enemy firein front of the forward edge of the battle areacannot prevent their use. However, theyshould be close enough to the defense line toreduce transportation problems. It is desir-able to have a defiladed and concealed dis-tributing point or stock pile for each front-line battle group. In addition to the stockpiles provided for the main battle area, oneor more distributing points may be providedfor fortification materials to be used on theflanks or in defensive areas behind the battlearea. These distributing points should be wellto the rear in concealed locations and acces-sible to trucks at all times.
c. Deliberate Defense Positions. In a defense re-quiring deliberate defensive positions, the supply offortification materials is planned and regulated by the
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 131
division engineer in coordination with G3 and G4.Special tools and heavy equipment, in addition to thatin the engineer battalion, may be obtained from corpsand army engineer units or from class IV depots. Forti-fication materials are brought up by the unit whichis to use them, or by supporting truck units. To insureeconomical use and distribution of materials, a simplesystem of property accounting is advisable. Trucksbringing up materials are routed through a distributingpoint which acts as a dispatching station.
163. Organization of the Battle Area
a. General. Each unit commander assigned an areato defend makes plans, with the help of his unit engi-neer, for the organization of his battle area. His plansare based on the plan of the next higher echelon, onthorough reconnaissance, and on the troops and weap-ons available. Outposts, strong points, and alternatepositions are planned. The troops who are to occupythe positions do most of the work in preparing theirdefenses, but are aided by the engineers. Specialemphasis is placed on the correct use of terrain, naturalconcealment, obstacles, observation and fields of fire,and avenues of approach.
b. Battle Area. The main battle area is a zone ofresistance consisting of a number of defense areas dis-posed irregularly in width and depth. Each is organ-ized for all-around defense with foxholes, obstacles,and weapons emplacements. The following basicpoints in planning the battle area must be consideredby commanders. The availability of atomic weaponsnecessitates modification and changes in emphasis onthese considerations.
132 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(I) Terrain. The commander must consider howterrain fits into his scheme and should not berigidly bound by any set patterns of holdingthe high ground or always occupying thecritical terrain. Repeated occupation of keyterrain features could provide the enemy withlucrative atomic targets. The defenders' capa-bility of employing atomic weapons permitsthe temporary loss of critical terrain withoutseriously jeopardizing the successful accom-plishment of the mission.
(2) Cover and concealment. Natural features ofterrain, and manmade cover may reduce theeffects of atomic weapons. Concealment byartificial and natural means makes targetacquisition by the enemy more difficult.
(3) Obstacles. Natural and manmade obstaclesassist in canalizing enemy troop movementsor causing him to mass, thereby presentingan atomic target. Obstacles covered by effec-tive fire will cause the enemy to attempt tobypass or to mass the necessary force to over-come the obstacle. Full advantage should betaken of all natural obstacles in the organiza-tion of the defense to enable the defender toremain as dispersed as possible and still ade-quately defend avenues of approach.
(4) Observation and fields of,.fire. The value ofhigh ground for observation is undiminished.Increased use is made of air observation andhelicopters for posting and shifting groundOP's. Atomic weapons and conventional
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 133
artillery may be used to protect gaps betweenpositions within the division battle area.
(5) Avenues of approach. Atomic weapons facili-tate the control of avenues of approach to andinto the battle areas. Analysis of the avenues
of approach provide a basis for the locationof atomic targets. Increased dispersion be-tween units places attention on avenues ofapproach from all directions.
(6) Security. The enemy's atomic capability,which causes us to increase our dispersion,creates a need for additional emphasis on all-
around security. Depending on the plan ofdefense, the security forces may or may notattempt to force the enemy into prematuredeployment. It may be desirable to allow theenemy to come closer to the defensive area
or into areas where defensive atomic fires aremore effective. The capability of the defenderto employ atomic weapons may make possiblethe destruction of the attacker by numericallyinferior forces.
(7) Mutual support. The more extended defenseunder atomic conditions requires the achieve-ment of mutual support by the positioningor movement of units, by the location of unitsin relation to each other, by the ability of oneunit to reinforce another by fire or movement,and by the mobility of reserves rather thanthe attainment of mutual support by inter-locking bands of fire.
(8) All-around defense. Provisions are made toprepare positions for all-around defense.
134 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(9) Defense in depth. Maximum depth of de-fense is a requirement under atomic warfareconditions because the enemy may be ex-pected to rapidly exploit his atomic attacks.Positions are organized in depth to attaindispersion and contain penetrations.
(10) Barriers. An effectively coordinated barriersystem is of particular importance when de-fending on the wide frontages which arenormal under conditions of atomic warfare.Careful consideration must be given thenecessity for freedom of maneuver of thestriking force in the mobile defense and theroutes to be used by the reserve in counter-attacks in the position defense. Use of pre-positioned atomic weapons assists in creatingadditional obstacles.
(1.) Coordinated fire plan. When used, atomicfires dominate the defensive fire plan. Non-atomic fires are planned to assist in the de-fense of unit positions, to cause the enemy tomass, and to augment the effects of atomicfire. Troop safety is a major consideration inplanning atomic fires. The fire plan underatomic conditions brings the enemy under fireat long ranges, keeps him under increasinglyheavy fires as he approaches the battle area,and assists the counterattacking forces.
(12) Flexibility. The flexibility afforded the de-fender by possession of atomic weapons isgreater than in a nonatomic situation. Organi-zational flexibility of the division is retained
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 135
by rapid shifting of forces in the defense andby retaining an adequate reserve for commit-ment at a decisive time.
(13) Maximum use of offensive action. In fluid
situations with wide frontages and greatdepths, there will be many opportunities toregain the initiative by offensive action. De-struction of the attacking forces by atomicsupported counterattacks will be a frequentoccurrence.
(14) Maximum dispersion. The degree of disper-sion required of units in atomic warfare is ofmajor importance to the defender. Disper-sion applies to administrative and tacticalunits and must not be so great as to jeopard-ize the accomplishment of the mission. Dis-persion of an unrealistic order of magnitudewhich introduces rigidity in the defense, frag-mentation of combat power, and inability tomaneuver or to destroy enemy penetrationmust be avoided.
c. Fortifications and Obstacles.
(1) Types of fortifications and priorities of con-struction are specified by higher headquarters.In constructing deliberate positions, pre-cautions are taken to conceal from the enemythe location of the principal defensive ele-ments. Communication trenches are limited to
areas where terrain features conceal them.
Dummy and decoy positions may be con-
structed for deception (fig. 37). Weaponsemplacements and troop shelters must fit the
136 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
terrain and the means available. They mustgive as complete protection as the time,troops, and materials available permit. Localmaterials and expedient construction are usedwhere conditions restrict normal construc-tion and supply procedure. Constructionwork to strengthen the position is continuedduring the entire period of occupancy. Forprescribed types of fortifications, see FM5-15 and TB ENG 117.
(2) Construction priority provides for efficient useof available time, personnel, tools, and mate-rials. It insures that maximum value isderived from the time and labor alreadyexpended, if the area is attacked before con-struction is completed. Camouflage and the
Figure 37. Decoy bridge constructed by combat engineers.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 137
preparation of decoys normally proceed con-currently with other work if the tactical situ-
ation permits. In organizing deliberate areas,construction features with a low prioritywithin the defense may be carried on after
contact is made with the enemy. For sug-gested priorities of construction work, seeFM 101-10.
(3) Normally, the use of artificial obstacles islimited by the time, labor, and materials re-
quired for construction. The most satis-factory method of creating an obstacle in
ordinary terrain is by demolition of bridges
over unfordable streams. Bridges are pre-pared for demolition and blown on order toprevent them from falling intact into enemyhands. All "prepared" bridges must be ade-
quately guarded to prevent enemy interfer-ence with the explosive. Road blocks on mainroad nets in locations difficult to bypass, suchas heavy woods, steep sidehill slopes, or
swamps, are also satisfactory. For details ofdemolitions, field fortifications, and barriers,
see FTM's 5-15, 5-25, 31-10, and TB ENG 117.In open country, minefields are the mostpractical obstacles. For a detailed discussion
of minefield technique see FM 20-32. Engi-neer troops are used in preparing the ob-
stacles or may supervise construction if other
troops are available for the work. Care must
be exercised in planning and siting obstacles,particularly in the rear and flanks of thebattle area, not to interfere with the planned
138 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
commitment of the reserve elements. Ob-stacles are normally defended by infantry orarmored units. Defended obstacles organ-ized into a coordinated system of successivebattle areas form divisional barrier zones indepth.
d. General Outpost.
(1) The general outpost is organized forward ofthe forward edge of the battle area. There isno prescribed organization for a general out-post. It is normally a balanced combinedarms force including elements of engineersand necessary logistical and air support. Itmay be supported by artillery fire includingatomic fires. The general outpost is as mobileas conditions permit, using tanks, armoredpersonnel carriers, trucks, and army aviation.It may consist of the entire armored cavalrysquadron reinforced by a tank element andartillery or a motorized battle group, withelements of the division tank battalion andengineers. The outpost gives early warning ofthe enemy's approach, and deceives and forceshim to deploy. It also covers the withdrawalof the covering force and can locate atomictargets. It accomplishes its mission by de-livery of intense fires, including atomic fires;use of obstacles and demolitions includingatomic demolitions when authorized; aggres-sive patrolling and reconnaissance; delayingaction; deception measures; and, when neces-sary, use of close combat.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 139
(2) An engineer company may be attached to thegeneral outpost. The company commanderadvises the general outpost commander onengineer work and assigns missions and areasof responsibility to his platoons. Each platoonwith an area assignment is responsible forkeeping open the main withdrawal routewithin its area and prepares the obstaclesalong that route. A small detachment of engi-neers, normally a noncommissioned officer anda few men, is left at each site. This detach-ment has specific instructions as to when toeffect the obstacle so that it will be accom-plished neither too soon nor too late. As addi-tional assurance of proper execution, the engi-neer platoon leader is responsible for eachroute, while the time of execution is coordi-nated by the company commander. The orderto execute obstacles on each route is normallygiven by the senior tactical commander of thegeneral outpost withdrawing over that route.Each platoon leader is also responsible forpreparation and execution of obstacles on thelateral roads within his respective area. Iftwo engineer companies should be attached tothe general outpost, the battalion executiveor other designated officer would be sent for-ward as the unit engineer to coordinate theengineer effort of the two companies.
164. Division Rear Area Defensive Positions
In addition to barriers in depth, from the generaloutpost through the battle group reserve area, block-
140 TAGO 987-C, Aug
ing positions are prepared in the rear of the battlegroup reserve area (fig. 38). These blocking positionsare planned by the division commander and preparedby the battle groups not on line, assisted by the engi-neers. Positions are selected and organized to preventmajor penetrations from securing lightly held or ex-posed flanks and are occupied by elements of thedivision reserve. Full advantage is taken of naturalterrain features. Positions are prepared for all-arounddefense. Emphasis is placed on defense againstarmored attack and possible atomic strikes.
Figure 58. Engineers in a defensive positionswing road block into place.
Section VIII. ATOMIC DEFENSE
165. Generala. Injuries to personnel from atomic weapons can
be divided into four general categories: those caused
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 141
by the direct blast; those caused indirectly by blast;those caused by burns, either in the wreckage or fromradiant heat; and those caused by nuclear radiation,either directly or through residual contamination.
b. Atomic defense, which includes radiological de-fense, is defined as the protective measures taken tominimize personnel and material damage from atomicblast, thermal, and radiation effects and is interpretedto include measures such as-
(1) Training of organization and distribution ofpersonnel with special reference to radio-logical specialists.
(2) Preparation and maintenance of fixed andportable structures and equipment.
(3) Teaching of techniques and procedures in-cluding use of detecting equipment; protec-tion or removal of exposed personnel; anddecontamination of personnel, equipment,structures, or terrain.
166. Command Responsibilities
The atomic defense training of the unit and of theindividuals in the unit and the protection of the unitagainst atomic weapons effects are basic responsibili-ties of command. Some aspects which may be expectedto require the consideration by unit commanders arebriefly discussed in this section and are more com-pletely covered in FM's 21-40, 21-41, and 21-48.
167. Training
a. All military personnel receive orientation inatomic defense. This provides minimum essential in-
142 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
struction in protective measures against blast andthermal effects and initial and residual radiation.Since the lingering effects of residual radiation repre-sents a primary hazard to post-attack recovery opera-tions, a radiological defense organization with trainedunit radiological defense specialists is necessary. Unitradiological defense specialists receive additional in-doctrination and training in unit schools or in radio-logical defense schools conducted at higher levels.Courses of instruction and training phases are de-scribed in FM's 21-40, 21-41, and 21-48. In additionto indoctrination courses required, unit commandersinclude in troop information programs and similardiscussions, frank and open presentations of unclassi-fied atomic energy information to instill in the com-mand the proper respect for this weapon and to refuteirresponsible and misleading rumors.
b. Medical specialists assigned to the unit receivemilitary technical training in the clinical aspects ofradiation injuries in Army Medical Service Schools.Their training is continued thereafter through medicalchannels.
c. During unit training particular attention must bedirected to developing the unit's capability to-
(1) Continuously make maximum use of protec-tive measures against atomic attack.
(2) Reduce damage and disorganization causedby atomic weapons.
(3) Participate in operations to exploit friendlyuse of atomic weapons as exhibited by-
(a) Procedures for dissemination of warning offriendly employment and compliance with
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 143
and adherence to troop safety instructionssuch as covering of eyes, use of foxholes,armored vehicles, and protective clothing.
(b) Procedures for crossing of, or working in,contaminated areas to include preparationof vehicles and equipment for such cross-ings, determination of safe crossing times,rate of march, safe working periods, etc.;and determination of accumulated doserates of radiological contamination.
(c) Care, maintenance, calibration, and use ofradiological detection equipment.
168. Before-Burst Operations
The division engineer is responsible for constructionof installations required for radiological defense in thedivision area. He consults the division radiologicaldefense officer concerning optimum protection to begained through special types of construction, the loca-tion of new shelters, and special command posts. Addi-tional before-burst engineer tasks include to-
a. Survey area for suitable shelters and shelteredlocations.
b. Disperse unit personnel, equipment, and suppliesconsistent with operational practicability.
c. Cover essential equipment and supplies with can-vas or other material for protection against contami-nation.
d. Select alternate sites for water points to utilize,where possible, underground sources.
e. Organize unit medical, rescue, and evacuationteams.
144 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
f. Select and prepare, in bridging operations, analternate bridge site for each bridge needed.
g. Organize a radiological defense warning systemfor the battalion.
h. Prepare a radiological defense SOP based on thatof the next higher headquarters for the battalion.
169. After-Burst OperationsThe engineer mission in case of an atomic attack is
expected to be essentially the same as for other typesof attack, but to be complicated in practice by thedestructive effects of atomic weapons and the addi-tional hazards of residual radiation. After the burstengineers may be required to-
a. Perform first aid, rescue, and evacuation tasks.
b. Prepare personnel and equipment decontamina-tion stations.
c. Make and post signs for unsafe areas.
d. Decontaminate essential areas or evacuate to safeareas.
e. Fight fires.
f. Clear debris from essential routes to facilitaterelief, supply, and evacuation.
g. Produce a maximum of potable water.
h. Perform other special and general engineer tasksas required.
Section IX. DEFENSE AGAINST GUERILLA FORCES
170. GeneralAn area confronted with a serious guerilla menace is
as much a combat area as is the forward area. Com-
TAGO 987-C, A,,g. 145
manders and troops in such an area must maintain thesame alert and aggressive attitude as troops in theforward area. Security measures are taken to safe-guard troops, installations, and lines of communica-tion. Vigilant security and sound defensive measuresnot only minimize our own losses but tend to dis-courage guerilla operations.
171. Troop Security
All echelons are thoroughly briefed on known orsuspected hostile guerilla forces. Combat securitymeasures, including extensive patrolling, are employedon the march, during halts, and while in bivouac tominimize losses from guerilla ambushes or attacks.Troops in rear areas may acquire a sense of falsesecurity and relax their vigilance even though guerillasthreaten them with dangers as great as those in for-ward areas. Since guerilla operations may be spas-modic, long quiet periods tend to reduce security vigi-lance. Therefore, commanders exercise methodicalsupervision to maintain security discipline.
172. Supply Economy
Supply economy is enforced. It is emphasized totroops and units that supplies that are lost, traded, orthrown away usually are recovered by guerillas andused against our forces. Arms and equipment are sal-vaged from battlefields and from civilians who havecollected them.
173. Unit Security
Unit areas are secured against guerilla attacks andsabotage, with special attention being given to the
146 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
security of arms, ammunition, and other equipmentof value to the guerillas. Fields of fire are cleared.Hasty field fortifications are constructed and mannedby adequate guards who are supplemented by patrols.Precautions are taken to prevent guards being sur-prised and overpowered before they can give thealarm. All soldiers are trained in antiguerilla tacticsand keep their weapons available for instant use. Theroutine means of securing an area are altered fre-quently to prevent guerilla forces from obtaining de-tailed accurate information about the composition andhabits of the defense. Natives are not permitted toenter the area and natives residing in the vicinity arecarefully screened or evacuated.
174. Engineers With Convoy Security Detachments
a. Lone vehicles and convoys not capable of pro-viding their own security are grouped and escortedthrough danger areas by armed security detachments.These detachments are specially organized and trainedto protect convoys from hostile guerilla actions andmay contain elements of armor, infantry, and engi-neers. The size and composition of a detachment varieswith the topography, the capabilities of hostile guerillaforces, and the size and composition of the convoy.Traffic through known danger areas is normally con-trolled by traffic control stations.
b. The combat engineer element is placed well for-ward in the column to perform such engineer tasks asminor bridge and road repair, obstacle removal, anddetection and removal of mines.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 147
175. Unescorted Convoy Operation
When a convoy is not escorted through a dangerarea by a convoy security detachment, the parent unitorganizes its own convoy security. Part of the avail-able troops are placed well forward in the convoy, anda strong detachment is placed in vehicles that followthe main body by about three minutes. Radio contactis established between the two groups if possible.Fairly fast speed is maintained. Defiles are traversedat high speed. Sharp curves, steep grades, or otherareas where low speed is necessary are reconnoitered byfoot troops. At the first indication of ambush whilethe convoy is in motion, leading vehicles, if the roadappears clear, increase their speed to the maximumconsistent with safety in an effort to run through theambush area. Drivers or assistant drivers of vehiclesdisabled by enemy fire or mines seek to direct theirvehicles to the sides or off the roads so as not to blockvehicles in rear. Troops from vehicles stopped in theambush area dismount and return fire. Machine gunsmounted on vehicles are fired. Troops from vehiclesbreaking through the ambush, dismount and attackback against a flank of the ambush position. The rearguard of the convoy, upon learning that the main bodyhas been ambushed, dismounts and attacks forwardagainst the other flank of the ambush position. Bothattacking groups take care not to fire on each other.If the guerillas allow the main convoy to pass throughand then ambush the rear guard, troops from the mainbody return and relieve the rear guard by an attackagainst the flank of the ambush position.
148 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
176. Summary
a. Hostile guerilla forces are not to be underrated.b. Rear-area, as well as frontline troops must be
constantly on the alert for guerilla attack.c. Commanders must emphasize continuous unit
security and maintain plans to counter guerillaactivity at any and all times (FM's 31-20 and 31-21).
Section X. RETROGRADE MOVEMENTS
177. GeneralA retrograde movement is a movement to the rear
or away from the enemy. It may be forced by theenemy or it may be voluntary. Retrograde movementsare covered by mobile forces of combined arms, whichdelay and deceive the enemy and prevent interferencewith the execution of the retrograde plan. Contact withthe enemy is maintained by these covering forces, whoforce the enemy to fight or maneuver for the groundthat is given up. Retrograde movements are made onlyby order of, or after approval by, higher headquartersand include withdrawals from action, retirements, anddelaying actions.
178. Engineer Support of Other Arms
During retrograde movements, engineers play avital role in delaying thie advance of the enemy. Propercoordination and execution of engineer tasks in retro-grade movements normally require the attachment ofengineer elements to the covering force. The leadingelements of the retiring friendly troops must be keptmoving to their destination, and the routes must bekept open and clear to allow successive elements to
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 149
reach their destinations. Engineers near the tail ofthe retiring column destroy bridges and culverts, blockroads, lay mines, destroy stores, and demolish railwaysand rolling stock (fig. 39). The time available deter-mines the degree of destruction and the number ofobstacles constructed. Major obstacles must receivepriority, since their construction leads to the greatestdifficulty for the enemy. The engineers work closelywith the other elements of the covering force, prepar-ing alternate delaying positions and obstacles for theinfantry and antitank units, while moving to the rearin leapfrog fashion.
179. Engineer Dutiesa. The duties of the engineers in a retrograde move-
ment are basically the same as in the defense. Typicalduties include-
(1) Performing engineer tasks to aid movementof retiring columns.
Figure 39. Engineers in a retrograde movementdestroy railiay and rolling stock.
150 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(2) Participating in denial operations as author-ized by higher headquarters.
(3) Delaying the enemy by destroying bridgesand culverts, blocking roads, demolishingrailways, and erecting barriers.
.. (4) Assisting in flank security by preparing dem-olitions and creating obstacles.
(5) Engaging in combat as infantry.b. In a retrograde movement, supply trains, in-
cluding engineer supplies and equipment, may beamong the first elements to move to the rear. How-ever, to meet the needs of engineers with security ele-ments, it is frequently necessary to operate engineersupply points near the front until the last elementswithdraw. Material that has to be abandoned must bedestroyed.
180. Delaying Action
a. Delaying action is a form of defensive action andis used to retard the enemy's advance and to gaintime without becoming decisively engaged.
b. Engineer elements are employed in support of thedelaying force, or they may be attached to tacticalunits. They are employed to construct a barrier ofobstacles and demolitions in front of the first delayingposition and in the area between successive positions.Obstacles are normally defended.
Section XI. DENIAL OPERATIONS
181. General
a. A denial measure is action to hinder or deny theenemy use of space, personnel, or facilities.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 151
b. The decision as to the extent to which denialoperations are to include nonmilitary supplies andfacilities is a responsibility of the highest militarycommander in the theater. When the denial policy isestablished, the detailed planning and execution in-volve major problems in engineering and logistics.(For details see FM 31-10.)
c. A scorched-earth policy makes an entire areauseless to the enemy by the removal or destruction ofeverything that can in any way aid him. The civilianpopulation of an area in which the scorched-earthpolicy is to be applied must be evacuated if the areais friendly. A partial-denial operation, less drastic thana scorched-earth policy, is more often employed.
182. Battalion Participation
The division commander is responsible for denialoperations within his divisional area. His plan fordenial of both military and civilian supplies, equip-ment, and installations is prepared in accordance withdenial policy from higher headquarters and is dis-tributed to divisional units for execution. The infantrydivision engineer battalion is especially suitable forexecuting denial operations. Extensive use is made ofthe engineer equipment and demolitions in the re-moval or destruction of items to be denied to theenemy. Troops of other arms and services are alsoused extensively in denial operations, usually underengineer supervision. It is a command decision todetermine when preliminary work is to be done andwhen plans are to be executed. A denial operation tobe successful must be prosecuted ruthlessly. The engi-
152 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
neer battalion, like other units, normally has an SOPfor the destruction of its own supplies and equipment.
183. Denial by Removal
Evacuation of materiel, if at all possible, should beaccomplished in a denial operation. Destruction is tobe effected only as a last resort. Evacuation must bestarted early and conducted in accordance with pre-pared priority lists. All available means of labor andtransportation must be used to capacity in order tosave all possible supplies and equipment.
184. Denial by Destruction
All possible methods of destruction are used. Inorder that destruction may be executed at the desiredtime, the personnel who will destroy each item must bedesignated in advance; the supplies necessary for thedestruction must be estimated and assembled at con-venient locations; and the circumstances under whichthe destruction is to take place must be definitely pre-scribed. If orders for destruction are to be issued, themeans of transmission must be provided.
185. Use of Prepositioned Atomic Weapons
a. Prepositioned atomic weapons may be used fordenial operations. Normally the officer responsiblefor the execution of a mission requiring a prepositionedatomic weapon will be the commander of the engineeremplacement and firing unit. The designated com-mander should be highly trained in all aspects ofatomic weapons operations which are the responsibilityof engineer personnel and should be cognizant of thetechnical phases actually performed by other person-
TAGO 987-C, Alla. 153
nel. He ordinarily directs all operations at the em-placement site, takes emergency action in the event ofa change of mission or misfire, and detonates theatomic weapon on order from higher headquarters.
b. Engineer personnel prepare the emplacement siteunder the direction of the engineer emplacement sitecommander. This may include providing appropriateaccess roads, installing antitank and antipersonnelminefields or other obstacles when ordered, camouflag-ing the area to avoid disclosure of the operation, pro-viding local security, and providing communicationfacilities. Engineer personnel install the atomicweapon in the emplacement and complete all prepa-ration of the site with the assistance of other tech-nicians provided for the mission.
Section XII. RIVER-CROSSING OPERATIONS
186. General
The immediate objective of the attack on a riverline is to get across quickly and economically andestablish one or more bridgeheads to protect the cross-ing of the remainder of the command. A divisionusually crosses as part of a larger force and has one ofthe following missions: to force the crossing or to makea feint. The actual crossing is a means, not the endsought.
187. Types of Crossings
Plans for crossing a stream over which the enemyhas destroyed all bridges depend on several factorsincluding the strength with which the enemy holds the
154 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
opposite bank and the characteristics of the river.There are two general types of crossings-a hasty rivercrossing and a deliberate river crossing.
a. Hasty River Crossing. A hasty river crossingmust be boldly executed to insure surprise, to preventthe organization of strong defenses, and if possible, toseize an existing bridge or ford. Detailed reconnais-sance and planning are secondary to speed. Advancedelements are crossed by any means available. Suchcrossings must be foreseen; all available equipmentmust be utilized promptly. When the opportunity forsuch a crossing is presented to an advance force, thesupporting engineer troops aid in the immediate cross-ing and exploitation. Bridges or other crossing meansare constructed as soon as possible by the divisionengineers to enable the crossing of additional divisionaltroops which are rushed forward to exploit the initialsuccesses.
b. A Deliberate River Crossing. A deliberate rivercrossing is necessary if the opposite bank is stronglyheld. Detailed planning, extensive logistical prepara-tion, and air and ground superiority are required. Over-all planning and coordination are performed by highercommands, corps or higher.
188. Equipment and CapabilitiesThe infantry division, engineer battalion has a
limited river crossing capability. The bridge sectionin headquarters and headquarters company has 38-foot spans of fixed aluminum deck balk bridge, 16-footplastic assault boats, infantry-support raft sets, out-board motors of 25 and 30 horsepower, and 2-wheel
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 155
utility pole type trailers. With this limited amount ofbridging equipment, the engineer battalion is restrictedto spanning short gaps and aiding the assault effort inoffensive operations (fig. 40). Extensive operations re-quire backup support from corps or army in the formof additional fixed, floating, and assault bridging equip-ment and units. See FM 31-60 for details.
Figure 40. Combat engineers in a river-crossing operation.
Section XIII. INFANTRY COMBAT
189. General
a. The infantry division engineer battalion or anyelement thereof engages in combat when necessary forits own protection, when necessary to insure completionof an engineering task, or when assigned an infantrymission. When assigned an infantry role, under non-atomic warfare conditions, the battalion may be com-mitted as a whole. Under atomic warfare conditions,
156 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
it is more likely that the combat companies will fightunder their supported battle groups. Engineer unitsmaintain their own close-in security while on themarch, in bivouac, or at work. Fighting to provide thissecurity often involves small units of squad, platoon,or company size. Ordinarily, very little time is avail-able to plan or reorganize for combat. In certain situa-tions combat engineers are relieved of engineer func-tions and assigned specific infantry combat missions.This step is taken by a commander only after care-fully weighing its value against the effect upon per-formance of necessary engineer work. The unit engi-neer must advise his commander of the effect engineerwork stoppage will have on accomplishment of themission of the higher unit.
b. The basic tactical training of engineers parallelsthat of the infantry. However, the engineers receivemuch less tactical training with a consequent reductionof combat efficiency. The combat efficiency of theinfantry division engineer battalion is limited by lackof close support weapons, communications personnel,and medical personnel. For these reasons, engineerscommitted to combat are normally used as defensiverather than offensive troops. When engineer troopsfight as infantry, they are normally attached toinfantry units to insure adequate fire support. Theinfantry command to which the engineer unit isattached must be at an echelon high enough to insurenecessary fire support and coordination. To compen-sate in part for the above disadvantages, engineer unitsare assigned smaller frontages than infantry units ofcorresponding size. The employment of the combatcompanies as infantry depends upon the tactical situa-
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 157
tion, the mission, and the frontage responsibilitiesassigned.
c. Training of the infantry division engineer bat-talion in infantry tactics should be based on the planor SOP for reorganization for combat. Emphasis mustbe placed on training company officers in the properutilization of supporting mortar and artillery fire. SeeFM's 7-10 and 7-40 for employment of infantry units.
190. General Organization for Combat
a. When in combat, either in furnishing its ownsecurity on engineer missions or in performing mis-sions normally assigned to infantry, the engineer com-bat company is organized to provide command, rifle,and crew-served-weapon elements. Normal organiza-tion is modified to provide for effective use and controlof crew-served weapons, for security of equipment notneeded for combat, and for the special problems ofcommand, communication, and supply incident tocombat. Standing operating procedures for infantrycombat are prepared and rehearsed by the battalion,companies, and platoons, to establish definitely theduties of personnel.
b. When the engineer battalion or any of its ele-ments enters combat it is divided into forward and rearechelons.
(1) The forward echelon consists of the elementsthat actually engage in combat and also thecommand, communication and supply person-nel and equipment necessary to control andsupply the combat elements. In most situa-tions, the light vehicles are needed in the for-
158 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
ward echelon for security, communication,ammunition supply, and the displacement ofcrew-served weapons.
(2) The rear echelon is commanded by the seniorofficer or enlisted man included therein andnormally attached to division trains. It con-sists of the personnel and equipment notneeded for combat, including kitchen trucks,trucks carrying supplies and equipment, andspecial vehicles such as air compressors,cranes, tractors, and other heavy equipment.The number of personnel assigned is the mini-mum necessary to maintain the mobility ofthe rear echelon, provide for its local security,and perform essential administrative func-tions. The actual composition and locationof the rear echelon varies with the situation.
c. The extent of reorganization for combat varieswith the size of the unit, the time available, and themission. The battalion is generally deliberately com-mitted to combat, allowing time for necessary adjust-ments before meeting the enemy. However, when a pla-toon operating alone on an engineer mission becomesinvolved in combat, the change is made as quickly aspossible and is based upon fragmentary orders issuedafter contact. Each rifle company consists of a com-pany headquarters and 2 rifle platoons. The rifle pla-toons are organized into a platoon headquarters, 3rifle squads, and a weapons squad.
d. Engineer operations are normally suspended whenthe unit is committed to combat. However, certaintypes of engineer work, such as water supply, supply
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 159
of engineer materials, and engineer reconnaissance,may be continued by personnel of the rear echelon. Incertain situations, an engineer company may be heldout and assigned engineer missions in support of thedivision defensive operation.
e. Appendix III contains details of a typical re-organization of the infantry division, engineer bat-talion for combat as infantry. See FM 7-40 for reliefof front line units.
191. Support, Fire Power, and CommunicationFacilities
a. In order for the engineer battalion to be an effec-tive fighting force as infantry, it must be provided withsupporting fire. If the engineer battalion is committeddeliberately as an infantry unit, this necessary sup-port may be achieved by attaching the battalion to abattle group or to the brigade. It then becomes theresponsibility of the battle group or brigade com-mander to furnish the necessary supporting fire.
b. For antitank protection the engineer battalionhas mines, 3.5-inch rocket launchers, and engineercombat vehicles.
c. In preparing for combat, the engineer battalionplans for a more flexible signal communication systemthan is normally necessary. The extent of the com-munication facilities required varies with the type ofsituation. In a defensive situation, for instance, it isnecessary to establish communication laterally. Thiscan be accomplished by taking two radios from thebattalion net and netting them with the units on theleft and right. The battalion communication sectionties in with the battle group net.
160 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
APPENDIX I
REFERENCES
1. Publication Indexes
The following publications should be consulted fre-quently for latest changes to, or revisions of publica-tions given in this list of references, and for new pub-lications on the subjects covered in this manual:DA PAM 108-1 Index of Army Motion Pictures,
Filmstrips, Slides, and Phono-Recordings.
DA PAM 310-3 Military Publications: Index ofTraining Publications.
DA PAM 310-4 Military Publications: Index ofTechnical Manuals, TechnicalRegulations, Technical Bulletins,Supply Bulletins, LubricationOrders, and Modification WorkOrders.
DA PAM 310-5 Military Publications: Index toGraphic Training Aids andDevices.
2. Army Regulations and Special RegulationmAR 55-105. Transportation by Commercial
Means.AR 55-145 Transportation of Troops; Entrain-
ing, Duties en Route, and De-training.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 161
AR 220-60 Battalions: General Provisions.AR 220-70 Companies: General Provisions.AR 700-2300-1 Motor Vehicles.SR 55-720-1 Preparation for Oversea Movements
of Units.SR 320-5-1 Dictionary of United States Army
Terms.AR 320-50 Authorized Abbreviations.
3. Field Manuals
FM 3-5 Tactics and Technique. of Chemical,Biological, and Radiological War-fare.
FM 3-50 Chemical Smoke Generator Bat-talion and Chemical Smoke Gen-erator Company.
FM 5-10 Routes of Communications.FM 5-15 Field Fortifications.FM 5-20 Camouflage, Basic Principles.FM 5-22 Camouflage Materials.FM 5-25 Explosives and Demolitions.FM 5-31 Use and Installation of Boobytraps.FM 5-34 Engineer Field Data.FM 5-35 Engineer's Reference and Logistical
Data.
FM 7-10 Rifle Company, Infantry Regiment.FM 7-30 Service and Medical Companies,
Infantry Regiment.
FM 7-35 Tank Company, Infantry Regi-ment.
FM 7-40 Infantry Regiment.FM 7-100 The Infantry Division (when pub-
lished).
162 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
FM 8-10 Medical Service, Theater of Opera-tibns.
FM 11-10 Signal Battalion, Infantry Division.FM 11-17 Tactical Communications Center
Operations.FM 17-22 Reconnaissance Platoon and Re-
connaissance Company.FM 17-32 Tank Platoon and Tank Company.FM 17-33 Tank Battalion.FM 17-35 Reconnaissance Battalion, Armored
Division.FM 20-32 Employment of Land Mines.FM 21-5 Military Training.FM 21-6 Techniques of Military Instruction.FM 21-10 Military Sanitation.FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers.FM 21-26 Map Reading.FM 21-30 Military Symbols.FM 21-40 Defense Against CBR Attack.FM 21-41 Soldier's Manual for Defense
Against CBR Attack.FM 21-48 CBR Training Exercises.FM 22-5 Drill and Ceremonies.FM 22-10 Leadership.FM 24-5 Signal Communications.FM 24-18 Field Radio Techniques.FM 25-10 /lotor Transportation, Operations.FM 26-5 Interior Guard.FM 30-5 Combat Intelligence.FM 30-15 Examination of Personnel and
Documents.(C)FM 31-5 Landing Operations on Hostile
Shores (U).
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 163
FM 31-10 Barriers and Denial Operations.(C)FM 31-20 U. S. Army' Special Forces Group
(Airborne) (U).FM 31-21 Guerilla Warfare.FM 31-50 Combat in Fortified Areas and
Towns.FM 31-60 River-Crossing Operations.FM 57-30 Airborne Operations.FM 100-5 Field Service Regulations; Opera-
tions.FM 100-10 Field Service Regulations; Admin-
istration.(C) FM 100-31 Tactical Use of Atomic Weapons
(U).FM 101-5 Staff Officers' Field Manual; Staff
Organization and Procedure.FM 101-10 Staff Officers' Field Manual; Organ-
ization, Technical, and Logisti-cal Data.
4. Technical Manuals
TM 5-220 Passage of Obstacles Other ThanMine Fields.
TM 5-223A Soviet Mine Warfare Equipment.(C)TM 5-223B Mine Warfare Equipment, Oriental
and European (Except British,French, German, Italian, andSoviet) (U).
TM 5-252 Use of Road and Airfield Construc-tion Equipment.
TM 5-271 Light Stream-Crossing Equipment.TM 5-278 Outboard Motors.
164 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
TM 5-280 Construction in the Theater ofOperations.
TM 5-295 Military Water Supply.TM 5-725 Rigging.TM 5-727 Engineer Hand Tools.TM 9-2810 Tactical Motor Vehicle Inspections
and Preventive MaintenanceServices.
TM 21-305 Manual for the Wheeled VehicleDriver.
(S)TM 23-200 Capabilities of Atomic Weapons(U).
TM 38-660-1 Operator's Maintenance Instruc-tions and Procedures for Admin-istrative Motor Vehicles.
TM 57-210 Air Movement of Troops andEquipment.
5. Technical Bulletins
TB ENG 117 Field Fortifications.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 165
APPENDIX II
TYPICAL SOP
RECOMMENDED OUTLINE FOR AN SOP(To be used as a checklist)
HQENGR BN (INF DIV)
APO US ARMY
DATE
STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURETABLE OF CONTENTS
(List paragraph numbers and titles)
Section I. GENERAL
1. APPLICATION (to operations, relation to priorSOP's, lower units to conform)
2. PURPOSE
3. REFERENCES (AR's, SR's, FM's, TM's)
4. RESPONSIBILITY FOR SOP (preparation,changes, and revisions)
5. EFFECTIVE DATE
Section II. COMMAND, STAFF, AND LIAISON
6. ORGANIZATIONa. Normal.b. Special internal attachments and organization.c. Normal and special external attachment and sup-
port (Task Forces, etc.).
166 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
7. COMMAND POSTSa. Normal location (in relation to next higher head-
quarters).b. Reporting change of location (coordinates and
time).c. Forward CP's.
(1) When (situation for which required).(2) How (organized).(3) Personnel and equipment.
8. STAFF DUTIESa. Special or additional duties to those in FM's
5-132 and 101-5.b. Duties of such other important special staff offi-
cers as the commander desires to prescribe(paragraph for each).
9. LIAISON (FM's 5-132 and 101-5)a. Duties of liaison officers.b. Responsibilities for liasion (with next higher,
lower, and adjacent units).
Section III. ADMINISTRATION
10. GENERAL (Channels) FM 100-10
11. REPORTSa. Routine.b. Special.c. Information concerning submission of reports.
(1) Title and reports control symbol.(2) Form for report.(3) Date due.(4) Number of copies.(5) Negative report required or permissible.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 167
12. PROMOTIONS (policies)a. Officer (AR's in 140 and 605-series).b. Enlisted (AR 624-200).c. Battlefield.
13. COURTS-MARTIAL (MCM, US 1951)a. Local jurisdiction.b. Procedure for submitting cases.
14. MAIL (AR's 340-15, 341-10, and 341-50)a. Handling of official mail.b. Handling of personal mail.
15. LEAVES AND PASSES (AR's 630-5, 630-10,630-20)
a. Policy of command (frequency, conduct, VDpolicies, and so forth).
b. Authority to grant.
16. JOURNALS AND HISTORY (AR's 220-345,220-346, SR 600-730-5)
a. Responsibility for unit journal and history.b. Maintenance of staff-section journals.
17. DISTRIBUTION OF MILITARY PUBLICA-TIONS (AR 310-1)
18. HANDLING OF PRISONERS OF WAR (DAPam 20-151)
a. Reference to FM 27-10.b. Special instructions for capturing units.
19. AWARDS AND DECORATONS (AR's 220-315and 672-5-1)
a. Channels.b. Forms.c. Presentation.
168 TAGO 987-C, Aug
20. ORDERS (FM 101-5)a. Combat orders.b. Memoranda of combat orders to S3.
21. BILLETS AND BIVOUACSa. Billeting policies (occupation and vacating).b. Billeting party (organization and duties).
Section IV. MOVEMENT
22. GENERAL (Reference Division SOP and marchorders)
23. MOTOR MOVEMENT (FM 25-10 and AR 55-8)a. Preparation of vehicles.b. Motor marches.
(1) Strip maps.(2) Route reconnaissance.(3) Messing and refueling.(4) Night marches.(5) Make up of march units and serials.(6) Distances to be maintained.(7) Speeds and rate of march.(8) Posting of traffic guards during halts.
c. Conduct of personnel during movement.d. Maintenance on marches and movements.
24. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT REGULA-TIONS
a. Motor pool (AR's 700-2300-1 and 57-5, andSR 57-5-1).
(1) Dispatch.(2) Service.(3) Maintenance.
b. Regulations for administrative vehicles.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 169
25. RAIL MOVEMENTS (AR's 55-130, 55-135,55-145)
a. Action by S1.(1) Movement policy.(2) Troop lists.(3) Designation of movement control personnel.
b. Action by S2.(1) Railroad reconnaissance report.(2) Security.
c. Action by S3.(1) Determine rolling-stock requirements.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate areas.
d. Action by S4.(1) Initiate transportation requests.(2) Troop and guard mess.(3) Procurement of blocking and dunnage.(4) Prepare shipping documents.
26. AIR MOVEMENT (AR's 55-8, 55-42)
a. Action by SI (same as par. 25a).
b. Action by S2.Security.
c. Action by S3.(1) Determine type of craft required.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate load-
ing areas.(4) Instruct all personnel in air transportability
technique.d. Action by S4.
(1) Initiate transportation requests.
170 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
(2) Assure availability of tie-down devices ormaterial.
(3) Furnish weights of equipment for loadingcomputation.
(4) Arrange for any necessary Air Force supplies.(5) Prepare shipping documents.
27. WATER MOVEMENT (AR 55-305 and SR55-720-1)
a. Action by S1 (same as par. 25a).b. Action by S2 (same as par. 25b).c. Action by S3.
(1) Determine shipping required.(2) Coordinate loading plans.(3) Prepare loading schedule and designate load-
ing areas.d. Action by S4.
(1) Initiate transportation requests.(2) Provide for troop mess.(3) Prepare shipping documents.
28. FOOT MARCHES (FM's 7-10, 7-40, and 7-100)
Section V. SECURITY
29. GENERAL (policy and responsibilities) (FM26-5, AR 380-1 and AR 380-5)
30. SECURITY DURING MOVEMENTa. Air guards.b. Manning of vehicular weapons.c. Camouflage during halts.d. Advance, flank, and rear guards.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 171
e. Action in case of attack.
(1) Air.(2) Mechanized.(3) Atomic, bacteriological, and chemical (see
sec. X).
31. SECURITY IN BIVOUAC (FM's 5-20C, 5-31,7-10, 31-20)
a. Camouflage.b. Mines and boobytraps.c. Placement of weapons for:
(1) Air attack.(2) Mechanized attack.(3) Troops and guerillas.
d. Joint security.e. Security plans.f. Sentry posts and outposts.
32. REAR AREA OBSERVATION (FM's 7-10,7-40)
a. Formation of rear area observation groups.b. Selection of rear area observation posts.
c. Twenty-four hour manning of posts.d. Observation of rear areas, when required.e. Communications for observation posts.
33. SECURITY OF WORKING PARTIESa. Responsibility.b. Camouflage of equipment.c. Combat readiness.
34. SECURITY WARNING SIGNALSa. Air attack.b. Airborne attack.c. Mechanized attack.
172 TAGO 987-C, Aug
d. Gas attack.
e. Atomic, bacteriological and chemical attack (seesec. X).
35. FIRE SAFETY AND FIREFIGHTING (SR420-510-1)
a. Plan (general).b. Fire personnel and duties.c. Safety rules (motorpools, kitchens, and so forth).
36. ALERT PLANS
a. Unit plans.b. Alert roster.
Section VI. COMMUNICATION
37. TYPES USED
38. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN UNITS (TM's11-462, 24-210 and FM's 24-5, 24-20)
a. Radio.
b. Telephone (TM 24-210).
c. Responsibility for installation.
d. Visual (FM 21-60).
39. COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
a. Radiotelephone voice procedure (CCBP 3-2).b. Signal security.c. Citation of SOI and SSI of higher headquarters.
40. MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES OFCOMMUNICATION OFFICER (FM's100-11, 7-25)
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 173
Section VII. RECONNAISSANCE, INTELLI-GENCE, AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
41. RECONNAISSANCEa. Reconnaissance a continuing function.b. Essential elements of engineer information.
42. ENGINEER INTELLIGENCEa. Evaluation.b. Preparation of reports.c. Dissemination.
43. COMBAT INTELLIGENCE (FM 30-5)a. Definition of "spot report."b. "Spot reports" required.
(1) Initial contact with enemy.(2) Marked changes in enemy disposition or
situation.(3) Attack by armored, aircraft, or airborne
forces.(4) New units identified.(5) Enemy strength, composition, and movement.(6) Location of enemy installations.(7) Use of chemicals or new weapons.(8) New enemy materials or equipment.
44. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE.a. Mail censorship.b. Blackout discipline.c. Extent of information given, if captured.d. Signs and countersigns.e. Destruction of classified material.f. Civilian control.g. Secrecy discipline.h. Information to press representatives.
174 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section VIII. SUPPLY
45. CLASS Ia. Ration pickup.b. Daily ration return and ration cycle.c. Reserve rations carried.
(1) By unit.(2) By individual.
d. Responsibility for attached units.
46. WATERa. Authorized sources.b. Purification by expedient methods.c. Water economy.
47. CLASS II AND IVa. Requisition days for various services.b. Pickup procedure.c. Salvage turn-in procedure.d. Droppage by "Battle Loss Certificate."
48. CLASS IIIa. Method of supply.b. Fuel sources.
49. CLASS Va. Method of requisitioning.b. Forms used and certificates required.c. Basic load.d. Salvage.
50. MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES ANDEQUIPMENT (TM's 5-505, 9-8000, 38-660)
a. Echelons of maintenance.b. Maintenance officer's responsibilities.c. Forms used.d. Priorities.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 175
51. REPAIR PARTSa. Method of requisitioning; engineer and ordnance.b. Maintenance of stock levels.c. Inspections for maintenance and stock levels.d. Parts and equipment records.
52. EVACUATION OF VEHICLES AND EQUIP-MENT
a. Engineer channels.b. Ordnance channels.
53. PURCHASE AND PROCUREMENT (AR's700-34, 35-6300)
a. Designation and duties of P&C Officer.b. Procedures and channels.c. Items and services (include real estate).
Section IX. REORGANIZATION FOR COMBAT
54. REORGANIZATION (GENERAL)
55. DESIGNATION OF FORWARD ECHELONa. Personnel.b. Equipment.
56. DESIGNATION OF REAR ECHELONa. Personnel.b. Equipment.
57. SUPPLY (TM 9-1900)a. Ammunition.b. Unit trains.
58. COMMUNICATION
59. MEDICAL EVACUATION (FM's 7-30, 8-35)
60. STATEMENT OF EFFECT ON NORMALMISSION
176 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Section X. ATOMIC WARFARE(See DA TC 33,1952; FM 100-31)
61. GENERALa. Purpose. Scope and application.b. Unit procedure.
62. COMMANDa. Atomic warning system and control net.b. Coordination with higher, lower, and adjacent
units.
63. PERSONNELa. Strength, records, and reports.b. Replacements.c. Discipline, law and order.d. Prisoners of war.e. Burial and graves registration (mass burial).
64. CIVIL AFFAIRS/MILITARY GOVERNMENT(Reference to next higher headquarter's SOP.)
65. INTELLIGENCEa. All information to be relayed to higher headquar-
ters promptly.(1) Atomic targets.(2) Enemy countermeasures.(3) Effects of our atomic weapons.(4) Indication of enemy use of atomic weapons.
(a) Appearance of special type aircraft,weapons, instruments, or equipment.
(b) Adoption of special precautions and trooprestrictions.
(c) Creation of wide gaps in formations orwithdrawal of front-line units.
(d) Special training instructions.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 177
b. Handling of prisoners of war, captured docu-ments, and materiel related to atomic warfare.
(1) Prisoners of war.(2) Documents.(3) Materiel.
c. Escapees and evaders.
d. Clandestine agents, guerillas, partisan forces, an:dunderground organizations.
e. Counterintelligence.(1) Atomic intelligence security.(2) Capture of enemy specialists.(3) Civilian evacuation.(4) Disclosures of enemy attacks.
f. Tactical propaganda.
66. OPERATIONS
a. Alternate tactical plans.
b. Post attack operations.(1) Tree blow down.(2) Thermal.(3) Fallout.
(a) Unit protection.(b) Operation in contaminated areas.
c. Warning orders to our own troops.
d. Communication.
e. Security.(1) Bivouac and assembly areas.(2) Shelters and fortifications.(3) Camouflage.(4) Movement.(5) Dispersion.
178 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
f. Training.(1) Individual.(2) Unit.(3) Specialist.
g. Psychological warfare.
h. Reorganization of units.
67. LOGISTICS
a. Supply.(1) Requisitions for special supplies for defense
against atomic attack.(2) Restocking of supplies and equipment.
b. Evacuation and hospitalization.(1) Maximum permissible radiation exposure.(2) First aid procedures.(3) Evacuation of mass casualties.(4) Provision for requesting mobile medical and
surgical augmentations.c. Service.
(1) Evacuation of damaged materiel.(2) Decontamination of supplies, equipment, and
personnel.(3) Camouflage of dummy installations.(4) Priorities for repair and construction.
68. REPORTS
a. Personnel-casualty estimates.b. Intelligence-materiel, documents, enemy spe-
cialists.c. Operations-report of effectiveness of units after
atomic attack.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 179
ANNEX
Section X. CBR DEFENSE SOPAnnex __ (CBR) to __ ENGR BN,
INF DIV, SOP
1. GENERALa. Purpose.b. Subordinate units to issue SOP's to conform.
2. REFERENCESa. Fil/I 21-40 (list other pertinent doctrinal sources).b. Division Training Directive No.
c. Orders, SOP's, and annexes.
3. ORGANIZATIONa. Command and staff structure.b. Specialists.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES
a. Individual.
b. Company Commanders.(1) Plans.(2) Proficiency of unit personnel.(3) Safeguarding and processing of captured
enemy CBR personnel and equipment.(4) Unit CBR equipment.(5) First and second echelon decontamination.
c. Large-scale decontamination (see Engineer An-nex, Inf Div SOP No. _ ).
180 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
5. DISPERSION
Guide to minimum yardage maintained betweenvarious type sections.
6. CBR ALARMS
a. General alarm. Attack considered imminent.
b. Actual attack.
7. PROCEDURE IN CASE OF CBR ATTACK
a. Action prior to attack.
b. Action during attack.(1) Protective equipment.(2) Cover and movement.(3) Unit protective measures.(4) Coordination between higher, lower, and ad-
jacent units.
c. Action after attack.(1) All-clear signal.(2) Continuation of mission.(3) Resupply of protective equipment and
material.(4) Marking and reporting of contaminated areas.
8. PROTECTIONa. Individual.
b. Unit.c. Tactical.
9. SUPPLYa. Emergency requisitions.b. Authorized levels of CBR equipment.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 181
10. TRAINING
See Division Training Directive No.
BY ORDER OF LT. COLONEL MOYER
/s/ Daniel Dean/t/ DANIEL DEAN
Capt, CEOFFICIAL: Adjutant
/s/ Daniel Dean/t/ DANIEL DEAN
Capt, CEAdjutant
DISTRIBUTION:
RECOMMENDED ANNEXES
1. Wearing of the uniform.2. Signs.3. Format for "Daily Engineer Situation
Report."4. Billets and bivouacs.5. Destruction of classified documents.6. Staff section SOP's.7. Headquarters and headquarters and service
company loading plan.8. Reorganization for combat.9. Alert plan.
10. March table.11. Battalion radio net.
182 'IAGO 987-C, Aug.
APPENDIX III
TYPICAL REORGANIZATION OF INFANTRYDIVISION, ENGINEER BATTALION, FOR
COMBAT AS INFANTRY
Section I. GENERAL
1. Purpose
The purpose of this appendix is to establish a guidefor the reorganization of the battalion prior to engage-ment as infantry. The reorganization is designed tobetter prepare the battalion and its components for acombat role through the most judicious use of person-nel, equipment, and organic weapons.
2. Alert
All personnel of the battalion are alerted as soonas orders are received from higher headquarters tocommit the battalion as infantry. Upon receipt of suchan alert the reorganizational plan outlined in each com-pany SOP is placed into operation. All company SOP'swill reflect the reorganizations detailed in the bat-talion SOP.
3. Weapons
All individual and crew-served weapons organic tothe battalion, to include the assault subsection, areutilized. In such an emergency, it cannot be assumed
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 183
that additional weapons will be available for issueto the engineer battalion.
4. Engineer Work
When the battalion is committed as infantry, allengineer work except engineer supply and maintenance,map supply, water supply, and limited engineer recon-naissance is discontinued.
5. Training
This plan is effective during all combat trainingexercises.
6. Support Fire
See chapter 5.
7. Communication
See chapter 5.
8. Individual Equipment
Each individual prepares full field equipment forretention. All other indivic, al equipment is stored bythe battalion rear echelon until released by the bat-talion commander.
Section II. REORGANIZATION OF THEENGINEER COMBAT SQUAD
9. Rear Echelon
The squad driver is assigned to the rear echelon. Thesquad truck, trailer, tools, and individual equipmentare assigned to the rear echelol
184 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
10. Forward Echelon
Three men are released to platoon headquarters forthe organization of a provisional weapons squad. Theremaining eight men are organized into a rifle squad(fig. 41).
Section III. REORGANIZATION OF ENGINEERCOMBAT PLATOONS
11. Rear Echelon
a. Squads. See section II above.
b. Platoon Headquarters. The driver of the platoontruck, the truck, trailer, platoon tools, and .50 calmachine gun are assigned to the rear echelon. Thedriver of the platoon truck takes charge of the platoonrear echelon and reports to the commander of thecompany rear echelon. The driver also mans the .50cal machine gun for AA defense of the vehicles.
INFANTRY JOB WEAPON ENGINEER JOB
1. Squad Ldr Rifle Squad Ldr
2. Rifleman Rifle & Grenade Lchr Combat Const. Specl
3. Rifleman Rifle Combat Const. Specl
4. Rkt Lchr Gunner Rifle & Rkt Lchr DML Specl
5. Rifleman Rifle Combat Const. Specl
6. Asst Rkt Lchr Gunner Rifle Pioneer
7. Rifleman Rifle Pioneer
8. Asst Squad Ldr Rifle & Grenade Lchr Asst Squad Ldr
Figure 41. Typical reorganization of the engineer squad.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 185
12. Forward Echelona. Squads. See section II above.
b. Platoon Headquarters. Platoon headquartersconsists of the platoon leader, platoon sergeant, radiooperator (truck driver), and 1/4-ton truck (fig. 42).One assistant squad leader becomes squad leader of theweapons squad and in turn the toolroom keeper joinsthe squad.
ENGINEER COMBAT PLATOON
0 WO EMI 0 40
FWD ECH I I REAR ECH
0 WO EM 0 WO EMI 0 36 0 0 4
PLAT HQ PLAT HO
0 WO EM 0 WO EMI 0 2 0 0 II-PLAT CMDR TRUCK DRIVER
I PLAT SGTI-DRIVER OPR
SQUADo WO EMRIFLE SQUAD WEAPONS SQUAD I-TRUCK DRIVER
O wo EM O WO EM
O O 8 O O 10
30 CAL MG CREW 30 CAL MG CREW 30 CAL MG CREW
0 WO EM 0 WO EM 0 WO EM0 0 3 0 0 3 O 0 3
I GUNNER I GUNNER I GUNNERI-ASST GUNNER I-ASST GUNNER I ASST GUNNERI-AMMO BEARER I AMMO BEARER I-AMMO BEARER
Figure 42. Typical reorganization of the engineer platoon.
186 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
c. Weapons Squad. The provisional weapons squadconsists of the squad leader, and three 3-man machinegun crews. The three .30 cal machine guns are organicplatoon weapons. The rocket launchers remain in theirrespective squads.
Section IV. REORGANIZATION OF THEENGINEER COMBAT COMPANY
13. Rear Echelon
a. Personnel. The company rear echelon is undercommand of the executive officer. It consists of theexecutive officer and 15 men from company head-quarters and 8 men from the combat platoons (fig.43). The personnel from company headquarters are-
(1) Administrative section. (2) Executive officerand company clerk.
(2) Mess section. (5) Entire section.(3) Equipment and maintenance section. (9) En-
tire section, less two drivers.
b. Equipment. Major items of company headquar-ters equipment in the rear echelon are-
1 truck, 21/2 -ton 6 x 6 (supply and mess from H&SCompany).
1 trailer, water (mess from H&S Company).1 trailer, 34-ton cargo (supply).2 truck-tractor 5-ton (equip and maint).2 trailer, semi, 25-ton (equip and maint).
.2 tractor, with angledozer (equip and maint).2 compressor, air, trk mtd (equip and maint).
c. Platoons. The company rear echelon includes 2platoon dump trucks with cargo trailers, .50 cal.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 187
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d. Operation. When the entire battalion is re-organized for combat, the company rear echelon be-comes part of the battalion rear echelon. On a separatecombat mission, the company establishes its own rearechelon. In any event, the mission for the rear echelonis to support the company operations and provide itsown security.
14. Forward Echelon
a. General. The forward echelon of company head-quarters consists of 3 officers and 82 enlisted menorganized into the command, supply, and communica-tion section and 2 rifle platoons.
b. Command Section. (3) The company commander,1st sergeant, and a light truck driver with a 1/4-tontruck.
c. Supply Section. (3) The company supply ser-geant, armorer, light truck driver, and 21/2-ton truck.
d. Communication Section. (4) Three radio oper-ators, a radio mechanic, and a %-ton truck. One of theradio operators drives the truck.
e. Medical Attachment. One aid man from the bat-talion medical section accompanies each platoon. Lit-ter bearers are drawn from the company fillers or therear echelon, as required.
f. Support Fire. See chapter 5.
g. Rifle Platoon. (74) The rifle platoons are com-posed of a platoon headquarters, a weapons squad, and3 rifle squads.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 189
Section V. REORGANIZATION OF HEADQUARTERSAND HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
15. Headquarters and Headquarters Companya. Rear Echelon. The rear echelon of the headquar-
ters and headquarters company is located with, andprovides the command for, the battalion rear echelon.The company commander is also designated as thebattalion rear echelon commander. His mission is tosupport the battalion forward echelon with men andmaterials; to provide command, administration, andsecurity; and to coordinate operations of the battalionrear echelon. Company rear echelon consists of Iofficer and 35 enlisted men (fig. 44) to include-
(1) Administrative section. (2) The companycommander and company clerk who alsohandles company supply in the rear.
(2) Mess section. (7) Entire section with messtruck and water trailer.
(3) Equipment platoon. (14) Eight-man riflesquad is sent to forward echelon. Ten men aresent forward with the battalion communica-tion section and 1 officer and 9 men are sentforward in the assault subsection. All equip-ment except the 3 engineer combat vehiclesremain with the rear echelon.
(4) Bridge section. (13) Entire section withequipment and vehicles. Trucks and driversassist S4 in hauling supplies as required.
b. Forward Echelon. The forward echelon of head-quarters and headquarters company is commanded bythe company executive officer. It is located with the
190 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
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battalion forward echelon. The company forwardechelon consists of 2 officers and 48 enlisted men.
(1) Company headquarters. (24) Executive offi-cer, first sergeant, supply sergeant, and 5truck drivers. The maintenance section fur-nishes an armorer, 2 messengers, 12 fillerpersonnel, a driver, and a 21/2-ton truck.
(2) Assault section. (10) Entire section to includethe equipment platoon leader and assignedengineer combat vehicles. The section is heldas battalion mobile reserve unless employedotherwise by the battalion commander.
(3) Rifle platoon. (16) One eight-man rifle squadfrom the equipment platoon and one from themaintenance section. One of the reconnais-sance officers from the intelligence sectionmay be used as the leader of this platoon.
16. Battalion Headquarters
a. Rear Echelon. Members of the staff sections notrequired in the forward echelon become part of the rearechelon. These staff sections of 4 warrant officers and58 enlisted men (fig. 45) include-
(1) Si section. (8) Personnel section of 1 warrantofficer and 7 enlisted men. The section fur-nishes 2 drivers for the command section andthe chaplain's assistant.
(2) S2 section. (1) One specialist, map dis-tributor.
(3) S3 section. (1) One construction draftsman.
(4) S4 section. (37) One assistant S4, supply war-rant officer, and the battalion, division engi-
192 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
2 U ~o 000
TAQO 087-C, Aug. 193
neer, and water supply subsections. Thissection is augmented by 13 men from thebattalion maintenance section.
(5) Battalion maintenance section. (15) Assist-ant motor officer, enginer equipment mainte-nance warrant officer, section chief, machin-ist, 2 welders, and 9 mechanics.
(6) Assistant division engineer sections. (8) Al-though listed in the TOE as a part of bat-talion headquarters, these sections continuetheir normal functions at division and bri-gade headquarters. These 8 men are not in-cluded in figure 59.
b. Forward Echelon. The battalion headquartersforward echelon of 15 officers and 80 enlisted menincludes-
(1) Command section. (4) Battalion commander,executive officer, and 2 light truck driverswith 1/4-ton trucks.
(2) Si section. (4) Battalion adjutant, sergeantmajor, clerk-typist, and radio operator (truckdriver) with l/4 -ton truck.
(3) S2 section. (14) The intelligence officer andentire section to include the 3 reconnaissanceteams, less the enlisted map distributor.
(4) S3 section. (7) Operations officer and entiresection less the construction draftsman.
(5) S4 section. (4) Supply officer, supply special-ist, and two supply clerks. Additional trucksand personnel for ammunition supply areobtained from the rear echelon as required.The S4 will be assisted by the battalion motor
194 TAGO '987-C; Aug.
officer and the engineer equipment mainte-nance officer.
(6) Communication section. (33) The entire sec-tion with organic vehicles and augmented byten men from the equipment platoon for useas linemen and messengers.
(7) Chaplain section. (2) Chaplain, assistant,and transportation.
(8) Medical detachment. (22) Entire section withorganic transportation. Three aid men perrifle company.
(9) Maintenance section. (5) Includes battalionmotor officer and engineer equipment officer(primary duties to assist the S4) and 3wheeled vehicle mechanics.
17. References
For duties of personnel and employment and tacticsof infantry units, see FM's 7-10, 7-40, and 7-100.
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 195
INDEX
Paragraphs Page
Adjutant .............................. 92 62Administrative:
Echelon, company:Company clerk ................ 16, 81 15, 55Communication section ........ 14 14Equipment section ............ 19,62 16, 46Maintenance section ........... 19 16Mess section .................. 15,82 14,55Organization ................... 9, 79 8,55Supply section ................ 18, 83 15,56
Movement:Battalion ..................... 141 107Division ...................... 143 110Engineer assistance to other arms 135 103Engineer work:
At entraining points ........ 136 104At destination ............. 138 105On roads .................. 137 104
Task forces ................... 139 105Traffic circulation ............. 140 106
Advance to contact and the attack:Battalion:
Control of engineer effort ...... 147 114Engineer missions ............. 146 113Engineer reconnaissance ....... 149 116Engineer work done by other arms 150 118Engineers with the advance guard 152 120Flank and rear security ......... 154 122General ....................... 145 111Initial duties .................. 153 121Measures to stop enemy advance 155 122Typical engineer duties ......... 148 116Use of smoke .................. 156 122
196 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Parangraphs Page
Advance to contact and the attack-ContinuedCombat company ................. 22 20Combat Engineer vehicles .......... 72 51Company ......................... 22 20Platoon ........................... 39 29
Advance guard, engineers with ......... 152 120Advanced individual training ........... 131 99After-burst operations, atomic defense.. 169 145Air Compressor, operators .............. 19b(4) 17Air movement ......................... 141d 108Armorer ............................... 18b (2) 16Assault boat .......................... 58,188 42,155Assault of fortified positions ............ 76 53Assignment, battalion .................. 6 5Atomic defense ....................... 167 142
Basic training ......................... 130-132 99Battalion, engineer combat, divisional:
Assignment ....................... 6 5Capabilities and employment ....... 7 5Composition ....................... 4 4Equipment ........................ 5 5Mission ........................... 3 4
Battalion headquarters and staff:Adjutant (S1) ..................... 92 62Assistant division engineers ......... 89 61Commander ....................... 87 57Communication officer ............ 106a 81Chaplain .......................... 117 90Executive officer .................. 87b 60Intelligence officer (S2)............. 95 67Medical officer .................... 120 91Mission ........................... 85 57Motor officer ...................... 111a 85Operations officer ................. 98a 72Operations officer, assistant (S3).... 98b 73Organization ...................... 86 57Reorganization for combat ......... 190, App. III 158, 183Supply officer (S4) ................. 101b 75
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 197
Paragraphs Page
Battle area ............................ 163 132
Before-burst operations, atomic defense.. 168 144Bridge section:
Duties of personnel ............. ... 59 42Mission ........................... 57 40Operations ......................... 60 45Organization ....................... 58 42Training ........................... 61 45
Cadre training ........................ 129 98Camouflage inspector .................. 95a 67Cannoneer............................ 68c 50Capabilities, engineer combat battalion.. 7 5Chaplain .............................. 117,118 90,91Clerk, company ....................... 16, 81 15, 55Combat:
As infantry, reorganization ......... App. III 183Construction specialists ............ 48 35Engineer intelligence sergeant ....... 95c 70Engineer operations sergeant ....... 98c 74
Combined training .................... 133c 100Command echelon:
Engineer combat company:Command echelon ............ 13 10Communication section ........ 14 14Organization ................... 13 10
Headquarters and headquarterscompany:
Duties of personnel ............ 80 55Organization ................... 79 55
Commander:
Battalion ......................... 87 57Company ......................... 13,80 10,55
Communication:
Chief ............................. 106b 83Officer ............................ 106a 81
198 TAGO 987-C, Aulg.
Paragraphs Page
Communication-ContinuedSection, battalion:
Duties of personnel ............ 106 81Operations ..................... 107 84Organization ................... 105 81
Section, combat company ....... ·..... 14 14Company:
Clerk ............................. 16, 81 15, 55Commander ...................... 13, 80 10, 55Employment ...................... 20 17Executive officer .................. 13a(2),80b 11, 55Headquarters:
Mission ....................... 11, 78 9,54Organization ................... 12,79 10, 55
Operations ......................... 20,84 17, 56Reorganization for combat ......... App. III 183
Concurrent training ................... 134 101Construction:
Combat company ................. 21a 18Platoon ............................ 38 27
Construction machinery foreman ....... 64b 47Convoy:
Operations, unescorted ............. 175 148Security detachments, engineers with 174 147
Cooks ................................. 17b 15
Defense:Against guerilla forces:
Engineers with convoy securitydetachments ................. 174 147
General ....................... 170 145Supply economy .............. 172 146Troop security ................ 171 146Unescorted convoy operations.. 175 148Unit security .................. 173 146
Atomic:After-burst operations ......... 169 145Before-burst operations ........ 168 144Command responsibilities ...... 166 142
TAGO 987-C, Aug 199
Paragraphs Page
Defense-ContinuedAtomic-Continued
General ....................... 165 141Training ...................... 167 142
Battalion operations:Division rear area defensive
positions ..................... 164 140Engineer role in the defense .... 161 126Engineer supply ........... ... 162 129Flank security ................ 154 122Organization of the battle area.. 163 132Organization of the general
outpost ...................... 163d 139Company, engineer combat ......... 23 20Platoon ........................... 40 29
Defensive positions, division rear area... 164 140Delaying action ....................... 180 151Deliberate river crossings ............... 187b 155Demolition specialist .................. 49, 6Sc 36, 50Denial operations:
Battalion participation ............ 182 152Destruction ....................... 184 153General ........................... 181 151Prepositioned atomic weapons, use.. 185 153Removal .......................... 183 153
Destruction:Company ......................... 21b 19Platoon ........................... 38b 28
Division engineer ...................... 87a(2), 59,145,147 111,114
Assistants .......................... 89, 147c(2) 61,115Section:
Duties of personnel ............ 89 61Operations ..................... 90 62Organization .................. 88 61
Supply subsection ................. 102 77Division motor movement .............. 143 110Dozer operators ....................... 19b(3) 17
200 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Duties:Battalion headquarters:
Administrative section ......... 92 62Commander ................... 87 57Communication section ........ 106 81Division engineer section ....... 89 61Executive officer .............. 87b 60Intelligence section ........... 95 67Maintenance section ........... 111, 114 85, 87Medical section ............... 120 91Operations section ............. 98 72Supply section:
Administrative subsection .. 101b 75Battalion supply subsection. 103b 78Division engineer supply
subsection ............... 102b 77Water supply subsection .... 104b 78
Combat Company:Administrative echelon ........ 15-19 14Combat construction specialists. 48 35Command echelon ............. 13a 10Communication section ........ 14 14Platoon leader ................ 32 25Platoon sergeant .............. 33 25
Pioneers ........................... 50 36Squad leader ...................... 46 34
Assistant ...................... 47 35Truck drivers ..................... 51 36
Effort, control of engineer .............. 147 114Engineer combat vehicles:
Advance to contact and the attack.. 72 51Assault of fortified position ......... 76 53Defense ........................... 73 52Duties of personnel ................ 68 49Employment ...................... 69 50Mission ........................... 67 48Organization ....................... 68 49Pioneering ........................ 70 50
TAGO 987-C, Aug 201
Paragraphs Page
Engineer combat vehicles-ContinuedRetrograde movement ............. 74 52
River crossing operations ........... 75 53
Security .......................... 77 54Training .......................... 71 51
Engineers:Advance to contact and the attack.. 145 111Defense ........................... 161 126
Pursuit ........................ 159 126Retrograde movement ......... 179 150
Echelons .......................... App. III 183Effort, control ..................... 147 114
Employment:Engineer combat battalion ......... 122 93
Company ...................... 20 17Platoon ....................... 37 27Squad ........................ 52 37
Headquarters and headquarterscompany:
Bridge section ................. 60 45Engineer combat vehicles ........ 69 50
Equipment platoon ............ 65 47Equipment maintenance supervisor. 109 85
Platoon, infantry battle group ...... 151 119
Supply specialists ................. 100 74Work done by other arms .......... 150 118
Equipment:Engineer combat battalion ......... 5 5
Engineer combat company .......... 10 8Equipment and maintenance sec-
tion, engineer combat company... 19 16
Equipment platoon:Duties of personnel ................ 64 47Mission ........................... 62 46
Operations ......................... 65 47
Organization ...................... 63 46Training .................. ........ 66 48
Essentional training phases ............. 128 98
202 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Executive officer:Battalion .......................... 87b 60Combat company ................. 13a(2) 11Headquarters and service company.. 80b 55
First sergeant ......................... 13a(3),80c 12, 55Flank security in advance to contact
and the attack ....................... 154 122Foreman, bridge section ................ 59 42Fortified positions, assault .............. 76 53Forward echelons ..................... App. III 183
General outpost ....................... 163d 139Group, engineer combat, in support ..... 188 155Guerilla force, defense against .......... 170 145
Hasty defense, engineer supply ......... 162 129Hasty river crossing .................... 187a 155Headquarters, combat company ......... 12 10Headquarters and service company:
Bridge section ................... .. 57 40Combat engineer vehicles .......... 67 48Company headquarters ............ 78 54Equipment platoon .............. 62 46Headquarters function ............. 55 38Mission .......................... 53 38Operations ......................... 84 56Organization ....................... 54 38Service function ................... 56 40Training ........................... 84 56
Individual advanced training ........... 131 99Individual basic training ............... 130 99Infantry combat:
Battalion:General ....................... 189 156General organization .......... 190, App. III 158, 183Support, fire power, and
communication .............. 191 160Company .......................... 27 23
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 203
Paragraphs Page
Infantry combat-ContinuedPlatoon ........................... 44 34
Reorganization ..................... App. III 183
Infantry support raft ................... 58,188 42,155
Intelligence officer ..................... 95a 67
Intelligence section, battalionheadquarters:
Duties of personnel ................ 95 67
Organization ....................... 94 66Training ........................... 96 71
Maintenance, headquarters and servicecompany ............................ 108 84
Maintenance section:Mission ............................ 108 84
Organization ....................... 109 85Battalion maintenance subsection:
Duties of personnel ............ 111 85Operations ..................... 112 86Organization ................... 110 85
Field maintenance subsection:Duties of personnel ............ 114 87Operations ..................... 115 89
Organization ................... 113 87Training ...................... 116 90
Management of training ................ 127 96
Map distributor ........................ 95d 71
March, motor ......................... 141b 108Mechanics ............................. 19b(2), 17,
110,113 85,87
Medical section:Duties of personnel ................ 120 91Operations ......................... 121 92Organization ....................... 119 91
Message center clerks .................. 106c 83Mess section .......................... 17,83 15, 56Mission:
Battalion headquarters ............ 85 57Engineer combat battalion ......... 3 4
204 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Mission-ContinuedEngineer combat company ......... 8 8
Company headquarters ........ 11 9Platoon ....................... 30 24Squad ......................... 45 34
Headquarters and headquarterscompany ......................... 53 38
Bridge section ................. 57 40Company headquarters ........ 78 54Combat engineer vehicles ...... 67 48
Equipment platoon ................ 62 46Mission, engineer, in attack ............. 146 113Motor march ......................... 141b 108Motor movement, division ............. 143 107Motor officer, battalion ................ 111 85Movement, administrative, battalion .... 135, 141 103,107
Operation:Battalion headquarters:
Administrative section ...... 92 62Communications section ...... 107 84Division engineer section ....... 90 62Intelligence section ............ 95 67Maintenance section ........... 112,115 86, 89Medical section ............... 121 92Operations section ............. 98 72Supply section ................ 100 74
Headquarters and headquarterscompany ........................ 84 56
Bridge section ................. 60 45Combat engineer, vehicles ...... 72-77 51Equipment platoon ............ 65 47
Operations section:Duties of personnel ................ 98 72Organization ....................... 97 72Training ........................... 99 74
Operators:Air compressor .................... 19b(4) 17Combat engineer vehicles ........... 68d 50
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 205
Paragraphs Page
Operators-Continued
Dozers ............................ 19b(3) 17Equipment ........................ 65 47Powerboat ......................... 59c 45Radio ............................. 14a (1), 106d 14,83Switchboard ....................... 106d 83
Organization:Battalion headquarters:
Administrative section ........ 91 62Battalion headquarters ........ 86 57Communications section ....... 105 81Division engineer section ....... 88 61Intelligence section ............ 94 66Maintenance section ........... 109 85Medical section ............... 119 91Operations section ............. 97 72Supply section:
Administrative subsection .. 101a 75Battalion supply subsection. 103a 78Division engineer supply
subsection ............... 102a 77Water supply subsection .... 104a 78
Engineer combat battalion ......... 4 4Engineer combat company ......... 9 8
Administrative echelon ........ 15 14Command echelon ............ 13 10Communication section ........ 14 14Company headquarters ........ 12 10Equipment and maintenance
section ...................... 19 16Mess section .................. 17 15Platoon ....................... 31 24Squad ........................ 45-52 34Supply section ................ 18a 15
Headquarters and headquarterscompany ........................ 54 38
Bridge section ................ 58 42Combat engineer vehicles ....... 68 49
206 TAGO 987-0, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Organization-ContinuedHeadquarters and headquarters company-Continued
Company headquarters ........ 79 55Equipment platoon ........... 63 46Mess section .................. 82a 55Supply section ................ 83a 56
Personnel warrant officer ............... 92b 64
Phases of unit training ................. 133 100Pioneering:
Assault subsection ................. 70 50Engineer combat company ......... 21 18Platoon ........................... 38 27
Pioneers .............................. 50 36
Platoon, combat company:Duties of headquarters personnel... 32-36 25Employment ....................... 37 27Mission ........................... 30 24Organization ....................... 31 24Pioneering ......................... 38 27
Platoon combat operations:Advance to contact and the attack.. 39 29Combat as infantry ................ 44 34Defense ........................... 40 29Retrograde movements ............ 41 31River-crossing operations .......... 42 32Security ........................... 43 33
Platoon:Leader ............................ 33,64 25,47Employment ...................... 37 27Sergeant .......................... 33 25
Powerboat operator ................... 59c, d 45
Prepositioned atomic weapons, use ...... 87a(3), 185 59, 153
Pursuit, battalion operations:Composition ....................... 158 126Duties of engineers ................ 160 126Employment of engineers .......... 159 126General ........................... 157 124
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 207
Paragraphs Page
Radio mechanic ....................... 14a(2),106f 14. 84
Radio operator ........................ 14a(1), 14,34, 106d 26, 83
Rail movements ....................... 141c 108
Rear echelon .......................... App. III 183
Reconnaissance:Engineer combat company:
Company ...................... 21c 19Platoon ....................... 38c 28
Engineer in the advance to contactand the attack ................... 149 116
Officers ........................... 95b 69Road and bridge ................... 140a 106Teams:
Duties of personnel ............ 95b, c 69, 70Operations ..................... 95b 69Organization ................... 95b 69Training ....................... 96 71
Responsibility for training ............. 126 95Retrograde movements:
Battalion operations:Delaying action ............... 180 151Engineer duties ............... 179 150Engineer support of other arms. 178 149General ........................ 177 149
Company operations:Combat engineer vehicles ...... 74 52Company ..................... 24 21Platoon ....................... 41 31
River-crossing:Battalion operations:
Capabilities and equipment ..... 188 155General ........................ 186 154Types of crossings ............. 187 155
Engineer combat company:Company ..................... 25 21Platoon ....................... 42 32
208 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Security:Against guerilla attack ............. 173 146Battalion .......................... 124 94Combat engineer vehicles ........... 77 54Company ........................... 26 23Platoon ......... ............... ... 43 33Senior supply clerk ................ 102b 77
Sergeant:Combat engineer intelligence ....... 95c 70Combat engineer operations ........ 98c 74First .............................. 13a(3),80c 12,55Motor ............................ 19b 16Medical .......................... 120b 92Platoon ........................... 33 25Bridge ............................ 58 42Supply ............................ 101b(2), 76,
103b,104b 78Service function, headquarters and
headquarters company ............... 56 40Sign painter ........................... 110 85Smoke, use ........................... 156 122SOP, recommended outline ............. 123, App. II 93,166Specialist training ..................... 132c 100Squad combat company:
Duties of personnel ................ 46-51 34Employment ...................... 52 37Mission ........................... 45 34
Supply:Economy ......................... 134b, 172 102,146Officer, battalion S4................ 101b 75Section, battalion headquarters ..... 100-104 74Section, company ................. 18, 83 15, 56Sergeant .......................... 18,83 15, 56Specialist .......................... 102b,103b 77,78Warrant officer .................... 101b(2) 76
Support of other arms, retrogrademovement ........................... 178 149
Switchboard operator .................. 106d 83
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 209
Paragraphs Page
Tactical movements:Battalion participation ............. 144 111
Division motor movement ......... 143 110
General ........................... 142 110
Toolroom keeper ...................... 35 26
Traffic circulation ..................... 140 106
Training:Battalion headquarters:
Administrative section ......... 93 66
Intelligence section ............ 96 71
Maintenance section .......... 116 90
Operations section ............. 99 74
Water supply subsection ........ 104d 81
Battalion operations:Advanced individual ........... 131 99
Basic individual ............... 130 99
Cadre ........................ 129 98Concurrent ................... 134 101
Essential training phases ....... 128 98
General ....................... 125 94
Management .................. 127 96
Phases of unit training ......... 133 100Responsibility ................ 126 95
Specialists .................... 132c 100Unit training .................. 132 99
Combat company:
General ....................... 28 23
Other arms and services ........ 29 24
Headquarters and. headquarterscompany:
Bridge section ................. 61 45
Combat Engineer Vehicle ...... 71 51
Company ..................... 84 56
Equipment platoon ........... 66 48
Truck driver, general .................. 36 26
Unit training .......................... 132 99
210 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
Paragraphs Page
Warrant officer:Maintenance ...................... 1llb, 114b 86,88Personnel ......................... 92b 64Supply ............................ 10lb(2) 76
Water movement .......... ......... 141e 109Water supply:
Sergeant .......................... 104b 78Specialist ......................... 104c 79Subsection ........................ 104 78
Welder ............................... 110, 113 85, 87Wiremen .............................. 106e 84
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 211
[AG 210.01 (19 Jun 57)]
13v Order of Wilber M. Bnrcker, Secretaly of the Army:
MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,General, United States Army,
Official: Chief of Staff.HERBERT M. JONES,
Major General, United States Army,T'he Adjutant General.
Distribution:
Active Army:
CNGB USCONARC
DCSPER USA Arty Bd
ACSI USA Armor Bd
DCSOPS USA Inf Bd
DCSLOG USA Air Def Bd
ACSRC USA Abn & Elet Bd
CAMG USA Avn Bd
CoA USARADCOM
CUSARROTC OS Maj Comd
CofF OS Base ComdCINFO Log Comd
CLL MDW
DRD Armies
CRD Corps
CMH Div
OCSpWar Engr Brig
TIG Engr Gp
TJAG Engr Bn
TPMG Ft & CampsTAG USMA
CofCh CGSC
Technical Svc, DA Svc CollegesEngr Bd Br Svc Sch
212 TAGO 987-C, Aug.
USA Intel Cen, Units org under folFt Holabird TOE:
PMST Sr Div Units 5-15 5-167PMST Jr Div Units 5-16 5-192PMST Mil Sch Div 5-17 5-215
Units 5-35 5-218Gen Depots 5-36 5-225Engr Sec, Gen Depots 5-37 5-262Engr Depots 5-48 5-266Ports of Emb (OS) 5-55 5-279Trans Terminal Comd 5-96 5-301Army Terminals - 5-97 5-315OS Sup Agencies 5-137 5-317Div Engr 5-138 5-367Engr Dist 5-139 5-415Mil Dist 5-157
NG: State AG; Div; Engr Brig; Engr Gp; Engr Bn.
U,SAR: Div; Engr Brig; Engr Gp; Engr Bn.
For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.
WY U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1957-440598
TAGO 987-C, Aug. 213
