Infocommunication Mobile: 3G, 4G, 5Gsmartlab.tmit.bme.hu/downloads/education/infocomm/...•Better spectrum utilization –Terrestrial –Satellite –in theory •Higher data rates

InfocommunicationMobile: 3G, 4G, 5G

IP-based telecommunication: VoIP, IPTV

Tamás Csapó

Copyright

• This lecture material was created by Tamás Gábor CSAPÓ fromthe Budapest University of Technology and Economics.Using the materials without explicit permission is consideredcopyright infringement.

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Overview of mobile network generations

1G 2G 3G 4G 5G

Goal Voice Voice & Data

Voice, Data & Video

Enhanced3G, Inter-operability

Internet of Things

Properties AnalogueCellularPhones

Digital CellularPhones

Video Telephony, Internet Surfing

High Speed, IP based

Very HighSpeed

Frequencyrange

450 MHz 900, … MHz 900, 2100, … MHz

~2600, … MHz

~ 30-90 GHz(?)

When 1979-2010 1993- 2001- 2012- ~2020

Example NMT, AMPS GSM, CDMA W-CDMA,UMTS

LTE ?

3Source: http://www.bmedia4tech.com/2013/10/19/110/whats-are-mobile-generations-compare-1g2g3g4g

http://www.bmedia4tech.com/2013/10/19/110/whats-are-mobile-generations-compare-1g2g3g4g

Evolution of cellular systems

4Source: http://web.it.nctu.edu.tw/~chungliu/courses/WirelessComm/slides/Lecture10.pdf

http://web.it.nctu.edu.tw/~chungliu/courses/WirelessComm/slides/Lecture10.pdf

3G: UMTS

• UMTS =Universal Mobile Telecommunications System – Goal: universal system– 1G: incompatible systems across countries– 2G: incompatible systems across regions– 3G: compatible (?)

• ITU: IMT-2000 standard(= International Mobile Telecommunications)– EU: UMTS– Japan: FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access)– USA: CDMA2000 (Code Division Multiple Access)

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3G: economical background

• 2000: concession rights on auction– Concession = permit to entry market

– Rights and obligations given to companies

– Extremely high amounts –>less resource for telecommunication sector ->UMTS tender delayed

• 2005: UMTS service starts7

Country Concession price Ratio

Germany 49.7 billion EUR 2.5% of yearly GDP

Great Britain 38.2 billion EUR 2.5% of yearly GDP

Italy 12.5 billion EUR 1.1% of yearly GDP

3G: UMTS goals

• Better speech quality

– better than PSTN

• Better spectrum utilization

– Terrestrial

– Satellite – in theory

• Higher data rates

• Compatibility to GSM

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3G: UMTS services (1)

• Speech transmission

– AMR codec (Adaptive Multi Rate)

– 4.7 – 12.2 kbps

• Data transmission, Internet access

– Urban: max 384 kbps

– Rural: max 144 kbps

– Local: max 2 Mbps

– (remember: GPRS ~ 50 kbps, EDGE ~ 200 kbps)

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3G: UMTS services (2)

• Multimedia services

– TV

– Radio

– MMS

• Problem: no „killer application”

– Today we know: it is the access to Internet

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3G: UMTS duplex transmission

• FDD = Frequency Division Duplexing

– Upstream: lower frequency (as in GSM)

• TDD = Time Division Duplexing

– Ratio of upload / download can be adjusted dynamically according toactual needs

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3G: UMTS radio interface

• Frequencies:

• 1885-2025 and 2110-2200 MHz:

– TDD: (1885-)1900-1920 Mhz and 2010-2025 MHz

– FDD: 1920-1980 (up) and 2110-2170 (down)

• High frequency -> smaller cells(3-5 km diameter)

• 5 MHz frequency bands,CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access

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3G: CDMA (1)

• Goal: better spectrum utilization

• Same frequency, same time, but: different code (analogy: airport waiting room)

• Signals spread to whole frequency range, but small intensity

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3G: CDMA (2)

• Same frequency, same time

• Wide frequency range & time

14Source: http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/images/freqs.jpg

http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/images/freqs.jpg

3G: CDMA (3)• DS-CDMA (= Direct Sequence CDMA)

– Digital signal multiplied by a „spreading code”

• NOT(XOR(data, code))

– Transmitted signal added to others

– Spreading code „chiprate” ~ 100/sec

15Source: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/cdma04-121009014622-phpapp02/95/cdma04-8-728.jpg?cb=1349747519

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/cdma04-121009014622-phpapp02/95/cdma04-8-728.jpg?cb=1349747519

3G: CDMA (4) spreading

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signal1

code1

output1

signal2

code2

output2

sumoutput

3G: CDMA (5) despreading

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signal1

code1

receivedsignal1

sumoutput

3G: UMTS network

• USIM = UMTS SIM• US = User Equipment• Node B: like BTS in GSM network• RNS = Radio Network Subsystem• RNC = Radio Network Controller• GMSC = Gateway MSC• CS = Circuit Switched, PS = Packet Switched• SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node• GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node 18

3G: UMTS soft handover (1)

• During call we are moving, location change

• Cell change

• GSM: „hard handover”

– In one moment, connection to one BTS

– In next moment, connection to different BTS

– Cell change as fast as possible

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• UE has connection to several Node B-s (max 3)

• Downlink data received from all Node B-s

– Lost information can easily recovered

• Uplink data sent to all Node B-s

– Network can reconstruct data from several nodes

• Possible because of CDMA(same frequency in neighboring cells)

• Causes some bandwidth waste

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1) within Node B (sectors)

2) Inter-Node B

3) Inter-RNC

4) Inter-MSC

5) 3G -> 2G

21

soft orhard

onlyhard

3G: UMTS cell breathing

• Cell size changes depending on the traffic

• More users within cell -> larger „background noise” -> smallercell size

22Source: http://www.rootmetrics.com/_themes/root/img/blog/breathing.gif

http://www.rootmetrics.com/_themes/root/img/blog/breathing.gif

3.5G: HSPA

• HSPA = High-Speed Packet Access

• HSDPA = Downink – max 14.4 Mbps

• HSUPA = Uplink – max 5.76 Mbps

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4G

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4G: LTE

• LTE = Long Term Evolution– Not backward compatible with 3G

• IP-based backbone network– Data only– Voice is handled as data, too

• Spectrum flexibility for worldwide operation• Speeds

– up: ~ 100 Mbps– down: ~ 50 Mbps– High mobility, up to 500 km/h

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4G: LTE (vs. UMTS)

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Beyond 4G

27Source: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6692638

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6692638

5G

28Source: http://www.samsung.com/global/business-images/insights/2015/Samsung-5G-Vision-0.pdf

http://www.samsung.com/global/business-images/insights/2015/Samsung-5G-Vision-0.pdf

5G

29Source: https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/5g-vs-lte/

https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/5g-vs-lte/

Further reading about 5G

30Source: http://www.hit.bme.hu/~jakab/edu/litr/5G/nokia_5g_masterplan_white_paper.pdf

http://www.hit.bme.hu/~jakab/edu/litr/5G/nokia_5g_masterplan_white_paper.pdf

3G / 4G world coverage (2020)

31Source: http://www.worldtimezone.com/4g.html

http://www.worldtimezone.com/4g.html

2G / 3G / 4G coverage in Hungary (2015)

32Source: http://www.telekom.hu/mobil/lakossagi/ugyintezes/lefedettseg

http://www.telekom.hu/mobil/lakossagi/ugyintezes/lefedettseg

5G world coverage (2018)

33Source: http://www.worldtimezone.com/5g.html

http://www.worldtimezone.com/5g.html

Mobile Network Types(as Fast As Possible)

• video34Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OrNuAf6C3I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OrNuAf6C3I

SUMMARY OF INFOCOMMUNICATION

35

InfocommunicationSound, hearing and speech

Tamás Csapó

InfocommunicationSound, hearing and speech (cont.)

Tamás Csapó

InfocommunicationLight and vision

Tamás Csapó

InfocommunicationRadio communication

(analog & digital)Tamás Csapó

InfocommunicationVideo broadcasting

Tamás Csapó

InfocommunicationMobile communication

Tamás Csapó

1931, utopia from Erich Kästner:A gentleman who rode along the sidewalk in front of them, suddenly stepped off the conveyor belt, pulled a phone from his coat pocket, spoke a number into it and shouted: "Gertrude, listen, I'll be an hour late for lunch because I want to go to the laboratory. Goodbye, sweetheart!" Then he put his pocket phone away again, stepped back on the conveyor belt, started reading a book...

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones

InfocommunicationThe END

Tamás Csapó

Summary• Sampling, quantization - by Bálint GYIRES-TÓTH• Analog modulation - by Bálint GYIRES-TÓTH• Digital baseband modulation - by Bálint GYIRES-TÓTH• Digital carrier modulation - by Bálint GYIRES-TÓTH• Guided wave channels and radio channels - by Bálint GYIRES-TÓTH

• Sound, hearing and speech - by Tamás CSAPÓ• Light and vision - by Tamás CSAPÓ• Radio communication - by Tamás CSAPÓ• Video broadcasting - by Tamás CSAPÓ• Mobile communication (1G, 2G) - by Tamás CSAPÓ• Mobile communication (3G, 4G, 5G) - by Tamás CSAPÓ

• Tutorials - by Péter MIHAJLIK

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Infocommunication Mobile: 3G, 4G, 5Gsmartlab.tmit.bme.hu/downloads/education/infocomm/...•Better spectrum utilization –Terrestrial –Satellite –in theory •Higher data rates