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Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing andtelecommunications.[1] The term in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)."[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 General information
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
[edit]General information
Information and communication technology spending in 2005
IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help
execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.
IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventionalpersonal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.
In the recent past, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards[3] for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared[4] to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education)[5] is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009.[6]
Importance of IT in textile industries
The use of Information Technology in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the
companies and many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in various forms,
affirms Arindam Basu.
Some years back the textile and garment industry used to be single most
export earner for India, now Information Technology (IT) and Information
Technology Enabled Services (ITES) companies have taken that place
pushing textiles to number two. In the world, India is known for both
these industries. The combination of these two can create synergy, if
properly used. The application of IT in textile and garment industry can
help them in improving the overall performance. In country like India it is
very important that textile industry remain strong and grow continuously
as it is the provider of highest jobs after agriculture.
Many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in
various forms. They use machineries with latest technology available in
the world and these machines utilise IT in many areas such as production
monitoring, quality monitoring and control, etc. Also, these companies
are using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in various levels. Major
reasons for companies opting for ERP are:
Ø It integrates financial information.
Ø It integrates customer order information.
Ø It standardises and speed up manufacturing processes.
Ø It standardises Human Resources Information.
Ø It helps in increasing productivity and quality levels.
In simple terms an ERP system organises all the information of a
company into one centralised system. In India a large number of textile
and garment companies are small in size and falls under SME sector. Due
to their size and facilities available the decentralised and small
companies confront five major challenges. These are:
*Adapting to changes in the multilateral trading system (price
deterioration and the need to cut cost). *Reviewing internal business
processes to confront from market forces.
*Understanding and adapting to retailer's business requirements (full package system).
*Fast and frequent responses to product orders from retailers (quick response and lean retailing.
*Development of strategic alliances with retailers including the exchange and management of
information based on a relationship of trust.
In order to meet these changes, manufacturers will need to communicate intensively with retailers
and implement the necessary communications network, which are usually supplied by retailers.
Though some companies are utilising IT in considerable amount the penetration of IT in Indian
textiles and garment industries are much below its potential. Recently a study has been conducted
by SITRA in which information has been collected from 168 small and medium textile and garment
companies (SMEs) regarding the usage of IT. The studies cover spinning units from Coimbatore,
Madurai, Weaving units from Coimbatore and its surrounding areas, knitting units from Tirupur,
Chemical processing units from Ahmedabad and Garment units from Delhi (woven) and Tirupur
(knitted).
The areas where IT is being utilised have been classified into different groups and usages by the
small and medium textile and garment factories have been shown in Figures 1 to 5.
It can be seen from the Figures that areas where IT is being popular utilised are costing, raw
material, production and quality control. Integration of all the functions is rarely used in these units.
In spinning units around 75% use IT packages for costing, financial management and attendance,
66% use IT for production monitoring and control, around 54% for raw material management and
around 51% for HRD functions (Figure 1). For weaving units, the percentage of IT usages is less
compared to spinning units, as most of the units are smaller in size. In this around 57% units use IT
for production monitoring (Figure 2). Chemical process houses show majority use of IT for raw
material management. For these units variability and number of raw materials are much higher as
compared to other units hence the preference. 62% of these units utilise IT for costing and financial
management (Figure 3). In composite units more than 85% utilise IT for costing and financial
management and 82% for production monitoring and control (Figure 4).
There is a feeling amongst the SMEs that the ERP packages supplied by the international companies
are very expensive hence they cannot utilise those. The interactions with the Indian software
developers reveal that many companies presently are offering textile industry oriented ERP
packages at cheaper rate as compared to multinational ERP packages. Secondly the downward
movement of cost of hardware items has made the application more affordable. In order to
effectively implement the technology, it is important to understand the potential benefits and the
costs. The primary benefit is that buyers are requiring automated order entry and status, and
companies that are unable to provide this information will be a significant disadvantage. This
phenomenon is sometimes known as the 'Digital divide', a differentiator between those who have
access to advance computing and telecommunication technologies and those who do not. When
suppliers and vendors can communicate around the world, in real time, then work-in-progress (WIP)
times are reduced considerably.
A schematic flow diagram of ERP packages for spinning industry is shown in Figure 6, in which most
of the functions are linked by the system. A typical spinning ERP system will contain the following
modules:
Ø Financial accounting
Ø Production planning
Ø Material management
Ø Plant maintenance Ø Quality management
Ø Domestic and export sales
Ø Human resources management
Ø Inventory - Raw material, stores, finished goods
The typical user distribution in a spinning mill is shown in Figure 7.
It can be seen from the Figure that all the functions are integrated
by the ERP system.
Before implementing ERP the unit should consider the following:
Ø Have a clear understanding of the functionalities in the business
before moving to proposal stage.
Ø Involve top management in every stage of ERP implementation.
Ø Re-engineer the business process.
Ø Plan to go step-by-step approach (modular integration) rather than going in for all at a time - this
helps the employees to learn and adopt the new process and practice.
To make the ERP implementation successful the involvement and
commitment from top management is essential. It is very
important to select a right team, in terms of Steering Committee
and Core Committee. IT team should be a part of the core team.
Also, proper training has to be provided to users at all levels.
Most apparel maker's supply chains now span the globe with many
hands touching the garment before it reaches the consumer. But,
along the way the complexity of coordinating the product definition
and managing the communications, avoiding miscommunications, across multiple companies is an
immense challenge. If information is not 100% accurate, products fail to meet customer
expectations, or arrive too late for the intended season, this can result in deep markdowns to
liquidate the inventory before the next season of products arrive.
Case Study 1
Recently, we had the opportunity of seeing the application of IT in a few garment industries in
Taiwan and Hong Kong. A company at Taiwan (AB) has a design development centre and a small
garment factory at Taiwan. The company has several garment factories at main land China,
Vietnam, Lesotho, etc. The sales and financial deals are conducted at Taiwan. When a customer
comes in he is being taken to design development centre. The customer is shown the designs for his
desired product on computer screen and after short listing the
same, he is taken to the fabric bank where 900 - 1000 different
varieties of fabrics with product details are stored.
Once the customer zero-in to his desired fabric a real sample is
produced and given to him within an hour. If the customer finalises
the order, by inter-net the message goes to fabric source, yarn
source in one direction and allotment of lots is planned for garment
manufacturing in other direction. The software developed by the
company personnel chooses the factory using linear programme for optimum cost and quality. At
any given time the status of a lot can be monitored on the screen by Internet connection.
Application of Information Technology has made this Taiwan office a virtual factory where quality
details, status of the products and all other related factors can be seen, though they are produced at
other parts of the world. Fig 8 and 9 show a typical case of vertical integration and information flow.
Thus, they are availing low cost production, still maintaining the quality by strongly monitoring
supply chain and product quality sitting at Taiwan.
Case Study 2
Company CD is a global clothing manufacturer in Taiwan with factories in Bangladesh, Cambodia,
China, El Salvador, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It tackles the following
processes electronically: Order management, procurement, manufacturing, shop floor, shipping,
finance and human resources. E-business has helped to facilitate the work of efficient collaboration
in the competitive global environment; and the company uses both Gerber WebPDM and Oracle ERP
to facilitate this work. On the collaborative front, it requires it suppliers to use B2B applications for
processing purchase orders and shipment documentation. Using these systems the company CD is
able serve customers such as Carter, Express, Federated, The Gap, JC Penny, Kmart, Kohl's, May,
Sears and Target. At CD the process starts with an inquiry from a buyer in the United States or
Europe. Salespeople meet with customers for the prototype, and the merchandisers obtain historical
information from similar specifications, fabric and accessories. This generates the skeleton of the
prototype order. The information is communicated to the CAD room (where patterns are produced
using the CAD system) and historical pattern data is retrieved from the database for quick pattern
alterations and development. The measurement specifications are
then cross-referenced, and the patterns and markers are modified
according to the customer fit specifications. The sales samples are
then generated.
The system used by CD enables various departments and buyers
to share and update information via the Internet at the same time.
The entire process takes place in parallel, which improves
communication efficiency for all parties, including overseas
manufacturing units. The various departments involved include
sales, merchandising, purchasing, production, technical design, design, the CAD room and the
cutting room. If, for example, the merchandising personnel change the measurement of a sample,
then the details of the change are made available to everyone who needs to know.
This process saves prototype development costs and improves the success-to-failure ratio for
sample development. In other words, the product development cycle and sample turnover are more
rapid than that of the competitors using conventional method. The system includes multimedia
capability (such as the ability to view and search for image files or video) to enhance the quality of
communication. The integration of both systems allows a single input to serve two systems (clothing
specification and ERP) along with other business modules. The measurement approval and sample-
making system greatly reduces the product lead-time and procedures in specification approval.
Integrated 3D bill of materials overcomes the problems of time-consuming material calculations and
complicated BOM structure. This reduces the cycle time for sourcing and purchasing clothing
accessories.
During implementation of this system this company arranged for vigorous training programme for
staff and workmen of all levels. Initially there was some resistance from the workmen such as
stitching machine operators, as they had to change their system of working (introduction of bar code
for each lot and reading those cards by using bar code readers after completion of each lot). After
training programme similar problems could be eliminated. This company became No: 1 in revenue
ranking within three years of implementation of this system from No: 20.
The above examples can be considered as application of IT at highest level. In India, utilising the
strength of Indian software companies, the textile industry can improve their performance
considerably.
SITRA has developed various products, which mainly help in accumulation of data from the
machines; control waste; improve efficiency and reduce power consumption. SITRA Ener Infosys, an
Energy information system, collects information on power consumption of individual machines
directly and the software analyses the same in a centralised system. SITRA Comber Intelligent
Monitor (CIM) provides detail about production, breakages on combers and helps the operator
identify the head where the sliver is broken thereby increases the efficiency. SITRA Draw-frame Auto
leveler helps in improving the quality of yarn as well as provides all production and quality details.
SITRA Fleximark is the garment pattern making software, which helps in reducing fabric waste.
Also, SITRA has developed software for productivity calculation and bench marking namely SITRA
MaxProd. Presently it is working on development of costing software for spinning industry.
Indian textile and garment companies have a great future provided they equip themselves with
latest technology machineries and good communication systems. The use of Information Technology
in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the companies. A time will come when
the companies with poor communication system will find difficult to survive in the highly competitive
field.
Important information on the Communication and IT Sector
Ministry
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
Departments
Department of Information Technology (DIT)
Department of Posts
Department of Telecommunications (DOT)
Attached Offices
National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Standardisation, Testing and Quality Cerification (STQC)
Autonomous Bodies
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)
Centre for Liquid Crystal Research (CLCR)
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET)
Education and Research Network (ERNET)
Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council (ESC)
MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC)
Society for Applied Microwave Electronic Engineering and Research (SAMEER)
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)
PSUs and Joint Ventures
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI)
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)
Media Lab Asia
National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI)
National Institute for Smart Government (NISG)
Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL)
Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL)
Divisions/Units/Wings/Branches...
Advanced Level Telecommunication Training Centre (ALTTC)
Agriculture Marketing Information System Network (AGMARKNET)
Andaman and Nicobar Telecom Circle
Andhra Pradesh Telecom Circle
Ara Telecom District
Assam Telecom Circle
Bangalore Telecom District
Bhagalpur Telecom District
Bharat Ratna Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training (BRBRAITT)
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) Portal
Bihar Telecom Circle
Chandigarh Telecom District
Chapra Telecom District
Chennai Telephones
Chhattisgarh Telecom Circle
Civil Wing, BSNL
Coimbatore Postal Region
Community Information Centre (CIC)
Community Information Centre (CIC), Achabal, Anantnag
Community Information Centre (CIC), Anini, Dibang Valley
Community Information Centre (CIC), Arunachal Pradesh
Community Information Centre (CIC), Assam Lingzey, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Bameng, East Kameng
Community Information Centre (CIC), Bandipora, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Baramulla, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Bordumsa-Diyum, Changlang
Community Information Centre (CIC), Budgam, Budgam
Community Information Centre (CIC), Chambang, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Chayang-Tajo, East Kameng
Community Information Centre (CIC), Damin, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Duga, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Gangtok, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Hawai, Lohit
Community Information Centre (CIC), Hayuliang, Lohit
Community Information Centre (CIC), Hunli-Kronli, Dibang Valley
Community Information Centre (CIC), Jammu and Kashmir
Community Information Centre (CIC), Khag, Budgam
Community Information Centre (CIC), Khagam, Changlang
Community Information Centre (CIC), Khan Sahib, Budgam
Community Information Centre (CIC), Khoveri Pora, Anantnag
Community Information Centre (CIC), Koloriang, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Kulgam, Anantnag
Community Information Centre (CIC), Mebo, East Siang
Community Information Centre (CIC), Nagam, Budgam
Community Information Centre (CIC), Namsai, Lohit
Community Information Centre (CIC), Nyapin, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pacheykhani, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakke Kessang, East Kameng
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakyong, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Palin, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pampor, Pulwama
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pangin, East Siang
Community Information Centre (CIC), Pasighat, East Siang
Community Information Centre (CIC), Penlong, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Quamoh, Anantnag
Community Information Centre (CIC), Raga, Lower Subansiri
Community Information Centre (CIC), Rhenock, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Rohama, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Roing, Dibang Valley
Community Information Centre (CIC), Rongli, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Rumtek, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Samdong, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Sang, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Segalee, Papum Pare
Community Information Centre (CIC), Seppa, East Kameng
Community Information Centre (CIC), Shahabad, Anantnag
Community Information Centre (CIC), Shopian, Pulwama
Community Information Centre (CIC), Sichey Busty, East Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Sikkim
Community Information Centre (CIC), Sopore, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Tali, Kurung Kumey
Community Information Centre (CIC), Tangmarg, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Tezu, Lohit
Community Information Centre (CIC), Tral, Pulwama
Community Information Centre (CIC), Uri, Baramulla
Community Information Centre (CIC), Wakro, Lohit
Community Information Centre (CIC), Yupia, Papum Pare
Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-1, Lower Subansiri
Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-2, Lower Subansiri
Community Information Centre(CIC), Drishya, North Eastern Sikkim
Community Information Centres (CIC), Manipur
Community Software Solution Framework (eNRICH)
Computer Aided Design (CAD) Services
Customer Care Portal, MTNL Delhi
Darbhanga Telecom
Data Network Circle, BSNL
Districts of India Portal
Eastern Telecom Project Circle
Eastern Telecom Region
Electrical Wing, BSNL
Electronic Payment Confirmation System (EPCS), MTNL
Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Chennai
Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Goa
Gaya Telecom District
Geographical Information System (GIS) for Tamil Nadu
Goa State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Goa Telecom District
Government Tenders Portal
Gujarat Telecom Circle
Gwalior Telecom
Hajipur Telephones
Haryana Telecom Circle
Himachal Pradesh Telecom Circle
ICT in the Hands of the Poor
Indian Customs Electronic Data Interchange System (ICES)
Indian Medlars Centre (INDMED)
Informatics - NIC Newsletter
Internet Data Centres (IDC), National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Jammu and Kashmir State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Jammu and Kashmir Telecom Circle
Jharkhand Telecom Circle
Karnataka Telecom Circle
Katihar Telecom District
Kerala State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Kerala Telecom Circle
Khagaria Telecom District
Kolkata Telephones
Lakshadweep UT Unit, National Informatics Centre
Madhya Pradesh State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Delhi
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Mumbai
Maharashtra Postal Circle
Maharashtra Telecom Circle
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation Division
Mizoram Postal Division
Mysore Telecom District
National Academy of Telecom Finance and Management (NATFM)
NIC Kerala News
North East Postal Circle
North East-I Telecom Circle
North East-II Telecom Circle
Northern Telecom Project Circle
Northern Telecom Region
Online Bill Payment Portal, MTNL
Online Indian Trade Resource (TradeNIC)
Online Recruitment Form, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Orissa Telecom Circle
Patent Information Services
Postal Training Centre, Madurai
Postal Training Centre, Mysore
Punjab Telecom Circle
Railway Electrification Project Circle (REPC)
Rajasthan Telecom Circle
Rural Bazar
Rural Informatics Portal
Salem Telecom District
Smart Village Project
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Chennai
South Karnataka Postal Region, Bangalore
Southern Telecom Project Circle
Southern Telecom Region
Srinagar Telecom
Tamil Nadu Postal Circle
Tamil Nadu State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle
Technical and Development Circle, BSNL
Telecom Electrical Wing, BSNL
Telecom Factory, Jabalpur, BSNL
Telecom Factory, Kolkata, BSNL
Telecom Factory, Mumbai, BSNL
Telecom Factory, Richhai, BSNL
Telecom Quality Assurance Circle
Telecom Stores, Kolkata BSNL
Training Division, NIC
Tripura Postal Services
Tripura Telecom
Uttar Pradesh (East) Telecom Circle
Uttar Pradesh (West) Telecom Circle
Uttaranchal State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)
Uttaranchal Telecom Circle
Video Conferencing Services
Water Resources Informatics Division, NIC
Web Services and Multimedia Applications Division, NIC
West Bengal Telecom Circle
Western Telecom Region
Others
Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA)
Controller of Communication Accounts, Haryana
Controller of Communication Accounts, Jharkhand
Controller of Communication Accounts, Madhya Pradesh Circle
Controller of Communication Accounts, Maharashtra Circle
Controller of Communication Accounts, Orissa
Controller of Communication Accounts, Tamil Nadu Circle
District Information System of National Informatics Centre (DISNIC)
Electronics and Information Technology Exposition (ELITEX), 2007
GOV.IN Domain Registration Process
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)
Indian Government Portal
Indian Sources
Joint Controller of Communication Accounts, Chhattisgarh
MCIT Library Consortium
National Centre for Electronic Switching (NCES)
National Internet eXchange of India (NIXI)
Resource Centre for Digital Rights Management
Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL)
Working Group on Information Technology for Masses
Z
There are actually 234 listed IT companies but I chose to publish only the top 200. The combined market cap of the top 200 IT companies is 253499 crores as of APR 23 2009.
Infosys topped the list in terms of the market cap though TCS tops the revenues list. Wipro and HCL followed the list. iFlex which is renamed to Oracle FinancialServices is 5th in the list with a market cap of 7566 crores.
Tech Mahindra has a market cap of 4049 crores and Satyam has a market cap of 3184 crores. Together they have a market cap of 7233 crores. This is around 300 crores less than Oracle Financial Services. The integrated company of Tech Mahindra + Satyam stands at 6th position.In all probability that will move further up as the financial situation of Satyam looks better than what the papers tell. Of the top 10 Indian IT stocks only Satyam is the most volatile stock and it can gain few percentage points and change the whole equation. (source)Top 200 IT companies in India by Market Cap :S.N
o CompaniesMarket Cap in
Crores1 Infosys Tech 83024.212 Tata Consult 55579.593 Wipro 45845.614 HCL Techno. 8580.785 Oracle Finl. 7566.756 Mphasis 4741.767 Educomp Solu 4485.728 Tech Mahindr 4049.969 Sterling Int 3495.0310 Satyam Comp 3184.1811 Finan.Techno 3076.6912 Patni Comp. 1967.6213 HCL Infosys. 1597.6914 Tulip Telec. 1393.0215 Rolta (I) 1334.1116 Moser-Baer 1084.6917 Redington 1013.4818 MindTree 935.1819 Core Project 900.8820 Cambridge So 798.5221 Firstsource 727.9222 CMC 720.4623 Geodesic 691.524 Polaris Soft 651.6525 Infotech En. 607.1426 Cranes Soft. 561.2127 3i Infotech 547.1528 ICSA (I) 538.2829 Tanla Solut. 53330 Vishal Infor 501.9631 Allied Digital 484.35
32Hexaware
Technologies 467.42
33 Aptech 447.9134 NIIT 443.1835 Mastek 410.4936 NIIT Tech. 387.9137 Glodyne Tech 373.9638 Take Sol. 343.239 Tata Elxsi 326.3540 eClerx Serv. 319.6541 Bartronics 305.0142 KPIT Cum.Inf 295.0543 Hinduja Vent 283.5544 HTMT Global 277.3945 MIC Electron 272.2646 Zenith Info. 246.747 Everonn Syst 246.1548 Zensar Tech. 242.7149 Zylog System 231.3750 Sonata Soft. 223.0251 GSS America 203.9652 Sasken Comm. 199.2653 Nucleus Soft 198.9154 Aztecsoft 196.755 Northgate Te 159.5256 Accentia Tec 143.5157 KLG Systel 138.8858 Mascon Globl 133.5259 Aurion.Sol. 128.7660 D-Link (I) 127.861 Geometric 117.7762 Micro Tech 107.0263 Tele Data In 103.1664 Subex 102.9565 IOL Netcom 99.7666 Net 4 99.7567 Octant Inter 98.7268 Zen Tech. 98.0769 Genesys Intl 96.2370 LGS Global 94.8271 Aftek 92.172 Prithvi Info 90.6773 Megasoft 88.5474 Info-Drive S 87.7275 Parle Softwr 87.4376 Jetking Info 87.0377 Ramco System 83.8
78 IKF Technolo 82.3479 Omnitech Inf 81.9980 R Systems In 81.8481 Kernex Micro 80.6382 Spice Mobile 79.7483 Vakrangee Sf 78.1184 Datamatics 77.0885 Tricom India 67.6986 Four Soft 62.387 Logix Micro. 61.4688 Spanco 59.5889 Helios & Mat 55.5890 Softsol (I) 54.8991 Religare TG 53.7892 Blue Star In 52.593 Sparsh BPO S 49.594 Spel Semicon 46.7595 IT People 44.6796 Allsec Tech. 44.1797 Tera Softwar 43.9198 Mro-Tek 41.6699 Compucom Sof 40.69
100 Kale Consul. 39.93101 FCS Software 39.68102 HOV Services 39.16103 Dhanus Tech 35.61104 Indo Pac.Sof 35.38105 Tutis Tech 34.42106 South. Onlin 34.31107 Ajel Infotec 32.63108 Silverline T 31.15109 Moschip Semi 30.28110 Goldstn.Tech 30.01111 TVS Electron 29.92112 Nagreeka Cap 29.59113 Zenith Comp. 27.88114 Cambridge Tc 27.37115 Edserve Soft 27.26116 Trigyn Tech. 27.23117 Axis IT & T 25.35118 Sanraa Media 23.92119 Cybertech Sy 23.9120 Californ.Sof 23.56121 Maars Soft 23.48122 PCS Tech. 22.53
123 Kaashyap Tec 22.26124 Intense Tech 21.47125 Avantel Soft 20.6126 Maestros Med 20.57127 SQL Star Int 20.21128 ABM Knowledg 20129 Brels Info. 19.26130 Mindteck 19.01131 Sankhya Info 17.98132 Compuage Inf 17.3133 ASM Tech. 17.23134 Visesh Info 17.2135 Pan (I) Corp 17.14136 Melstar Info 17.06137 ORG Informat 16.57138 Quintegra So 16.57139 Visu Intnl. 16.33140 Onward Techn 16.31141 Intelvisions 16.31142 Cerebra Inte 14.96143 VJIL Consult 14.93144 Pentasoft Te 14.61145 Powersoft Gl 14.15146 Firstobject 13.85147 Virinchi Tec 13148 Cat Technol. 12.88149 Compulink Sy 12.44150 Accel Trans 12.43151 IEC Educat. 12.31152 Triton Corp 12.19153 Luminaire Te 12.12154 Cybermate In 11.07155 RS Software 10.93156 Interworld D 10.91157 Silverline A 10.65158 Usha Mar.Inf 10.52159 Ranklin Sol. 10.41160 S Kumars Onl 9.6161 Lee&Nee Soft 9.09162 Shreejal Inf 8.63163 Zigma Soft. 8.54164 Birla Shloka 8.32165 TeleCanor Gl 8.2166 Sark Systems 8.08167 Vama Inds. 7.92
168 BITS 7.61169 Software Tec 7.59170 VXL Instrum. 7.56171 Crazy Infote 7.55172 Allied Comp. 7.41173 Solix Tech. 7.36174 Computech In 7.26175 Ram Informat 7.01176 Saarc Net 6.89177 CSS Techn. 6.67178 Dynacons Sys 6.66179 Comp-U-Learn 6.36180 ACE Software 6.13181 Platinum Cor 5.89182 Nexxoft Info 5.82183 Sylph Tech. 5.79184 Contech Soft 5.78185 Cressanda So 5.73186 Ontrack Syst 5.72187 Valuemart In 5.61188 Infotrek Sys 5.33189 Odyssey Tech 4.89190 Advent Comp. 4.88191 Kashyap Tele 4.77192 Kushagra Sof 4.72193 CG Vak Soft. 4.55194 Prithvi Soft 4.5195 Twinstar Sof 4.5196 Libord Info 4.4197 Computer Pnt 4.34198 Chakkilam In 4.3199 Svam Softwar 4.05200 T Spiritual 3.84
Information technology in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about IT in India. For an overview of modern science and technology in India,
see Science and technology in the Republic of India. Also see Communications in India for
further information.
The Indian Information Technology industry accounts for a 5.19% of the
country's GDP and export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant
number of its tertiary sectorworkforce. More than 2.5 million people are employed in the
sector either directly or indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a
mainstay of the national economy. In 2010-11, annual revenues from IT-BPO sector is
estimated to have grown over US$76 billion compared to China with $35.76 billion
and Philippines with $8.85 billion.[1] India's outsourcing industry is expected to increase to
US$225 billion by 2020. The most prominent IT hub is Bangalore. The other emerging
destinations
are Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Kolkata, Kochi, Pune, Mumbai, Ahmedabad , NCR.
Technically proficient immigrants from India sought jobs in the western world from the
1950s onwards as India's education system produced more engineers than its industry
could absorb. India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties
with both the United States of America and the European Union. However, the recent global
financial crises has deeply impacted the Indian IT companies as well as global companies.
As a result hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like
the financial service, telecommunications, and manufacturing industries, which have been
growing phenomenally over the last few years.[2]
India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata
Group in partnership with Burroughs.[3] The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up
here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT park. More than 80 percent of
the country's software exports happened out of SEEPZ, Mumbai in 80s.[4]
Each year India produces roughly 500,000 engineers in the country,[5][6] out of them only
25% to 30%[7] possessed both technical competency and English language skills, although
12% of India's population can speak in English.[8] India developed a number of outsourcing
companies specializing in customer support via Internet or telephone connections. By 2009,
India also has a total of 37,160,000 telephone lines in use,[9] a total of 506,040,000 mobile
phone connections,[10] a total of 81,000,000 Internet users—comprising 7.0% of the
country's population,[11] and 7,570,000 people in the country have access to broadband
Internet— making it the 12th largest country in the world in terms of broadband Internet
users.[12] Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached 543.20 million as of November,
2009.[13]
Contents
[hide]
1 Formative years (till 1991)
2 1991–2001
o 2.1 2001–present
o 2.2 Health issues among Young labor force
o 2.3 Top 10 IT Hubs in India
o 2.4 See also
o 2.5 References
o 2.6 Further reading
o 2.7 External links
[edit]Formative years (till 1991)
The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which
were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy
Services—established inSEEPZ, Mumbai[3] by the Tata Group—were the country's largest
software producers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal
Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was
able to build a large scientific workforce, third in numbers only to that of the United States of
America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal.
Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were
conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the
chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar.
Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of
skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were
estimated to have settled in the US. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were
seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages
to retain their experienced staff. In the Encyclopedia of India, Kamdar (2006) reports on the
role of Indian immigrants (1980 - early 1990s) in promoting technology-driven growth:
The United States’ technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of brilliant immigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of thousands of highly trained Indian migrants in every area of American scientific and technological achievement culminated with the information technology revolution most associated with California’s Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.[14]
The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of The
Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980 the
country's Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer
Systems and Wipro had become visible. The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had
convinced both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhithat electronics and
telecommunications were vital to India's growth and development. MTNL underwent
technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon
the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to
serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for India's National Informatics
Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).
[edit]1991–2001
Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to
relax regulations on linking in 1991:
In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991,
the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale
in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.
The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era
of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6%
annually was seen between 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by
significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari
Vajpayee—which placed the development of Information Technology among its top five
priorities— formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software
Development.
Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on
Information Technology and Software Development:
Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it
proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.
The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India's
telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures
for electronic transactions and e-commerce.
Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. The
number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely
of highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared
well in science, engineering, and management. Graduates from the Indian Institutes of
Technology (IIT) became known for their technical skills. Thus GOI planned to established
new Institutes specially for Information Technology to enhance this field. In 1998 India got
the first IT institute name Indian Institute of Information Technology at Gwalior. The
success of Information Technology in India not only had economic repercussions but also
had far-reaching political consequences. India's reputation both as a source and a
destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations with a number of world
economies. The relationship between economy and technology—valued in the western
world—facilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indians, which further
helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.
[edit]2001–present
Infosys Media Centre in Electronic City, Bangalore.
Cyber Towers at Hitech City inHyderabad
Microsoft India Development Center,Hyderabad
Millenium Tower in Kolkata, Salt Lake Sector-5, a major IT hub in the city.
Tidel Park—one of the largest software parks in Asia—was set up on the July 4, 2000 in Chennai, to aid the growth of
Information Technology in Tamil Nadu.
Patni Knowledge Park, Airoli, Navi Mumbai
Cognizant's Delivery Center in Pune
India is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world.
The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in India—accounting for
40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only
25% of its workforce—is summarized by Sharma (2006):
The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from 1 percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 2001. IT-enabled services such as backoffice operations, remote maintenance, accounting, public call centers, medical transcription, insurance claims, and
other bulk processing are rapidly expanding. Indian companies such asHCL, TCS, Wipro, and Infosys may yet become household names around the world.
Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT
Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in
Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies.
Mumbai too has its share of IT companies that are India's first and largest, like TCS and
well established like Reliance[disambiguation needed], Patni, LnT Infotech, i-Flex, WNS, Shine,
Naukri, Jobspert etc. are head-quartered in Mumbai. and these IT and dot com companies
are ruling the roost of Mumbai's relatively high octane industry of Information Technology.
Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing, it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon
have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel+ in
India.[15]
On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field
of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November
2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status
at CERN while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due
at Bangalore.
India's IT industry (USD bn)[16]
Particulars FY 2004 FY 2005FY
2006FY 2007 FY 2008
IT Services 10.4 13.5 17.8 23.5 31.0
- Exports 7.3 10.0 13.13 18.0 23.1
- Domestic 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.5 7.9
ITES-BPO 3.4 5.2 7.2 9.5 12.5
- Exports 3.1 4.6 6.3 8.4 10.9
- Domestic 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.6
Engineering services, R&D and Software products 2.9 3.9 5.3 6.5 8.6
- Exports 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.9 6.4
- Domestic 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 2.4
Hardware 5.0 5.9 7.0 8.5 12.0
- Exports 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
- Domestic 4.4 5.1 6.5 8.0 11.5
Total IT industry (including hardware) 21.6 28.4 37.4 48.0 64.
[edit]Health issues among Young labor force
Employees in IT / ITES services undergo high stress in their work environment which raises
serious concerns about work in this industry.[17] The corporate HR practices are another
concern where one survey found TCS employees average age is 29 years and the
recruitment practices which contribute to the inexperienced work force in the industry.[18] Corporate critics shortage of human resources but the analyst says 20 year old industry
cannot have 6 year experienced labor force.[19] There have been raising concerns on
violating employment laws by corporates and there are harassment reported from
companies like Wipro.[20]
[edit]Top 10 IT Hubs in India
Ranking City Description
1 BangalorePopularly known as the capital of the Silicon Valley of India is currently leading in Information Technology Industries in India.
2 Chennai
It is the Second largest exporter of Software next to Bangalore. It has the largest operations for Indias top software company TCS,Infosys ( has worlds largest development center with 25,000 employers in Mahindra world city at Maraimalainagar, and many centers in IT corridor), and other software companies like Wipro, CTS, Patni, L&T infotech and many companies have major operations in IT corridor, Ambattur and other places in Chennai
3 HyderabadHyderabad called as Cyberabad, which has good infrastructure and good government support is also a good technology base inIndia.The Government of AP Has built a separate township for IT Industry called the HITEC City. [21]
4 Pune Pune, a major industrial point in India.
5 NCRThe National Capital Region of India comprising Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every possible thing for this purpose.
6 MumbaiPopularly known as the commercial, entertainment, financial capital of India, This is one city that has seen tremendous growth in IT and BPO industry, it recorded 63% growth in 2008.[22] TCS, Patni, LnT Infotech, I-Flex WNS and other companies are headquartered here.
7 KolkataKolkata is a major IT hub in eastern India. All major IT companies are present here. The city has tremendous potential for growth in this sector with upcoming areas like Rajarhat.
8 TrivandrumTrivandrum, the capital of kerala is a green metropolis and tier I city. GOK provides a good platform for IT devolopment in the city with India's largest IT park Technopark and dedicated Technocity SEZs.
9 Bhubaneswar Bhubaneshwar largest city of Orissa exports more than 1500 crores.
10 Jaipur This rapidly growing industrial hub houses a lot of IT/ITES and BPO giants. Genpact, Connexions IT services, Deutsche Bank and EXL BPO, Infosyss, Tech Mahindra, and Wipro
are here. There are plans to build the largest IT SEZ in India by Mahindra under the Mahindra World City.
[edit]
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IMPORTANCE OF IT
Thanks to information technology, you can plug into your company's internal network and work remotely.
Information technology (IT) benefits the business world by allowing organizations to work more efficiently and to maximize productivity. Faster communication, electronic storage and the protection of records are advantages that IT can have on your enterprise. Information technology has to do with computer applications, on which nearly every work environment is dependent. Since computerized systems are so widely used, it is advantageous to incorporate information technology into your organization.
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Work RemotelyIT systems give you remote access to your company’s electronic network, so that you can work from home or on the road. This accessibility allows you to increase your productivity because you can still get work done, even when you aren’t physically in the office.
CommunicationCommunication is essential to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Your IT department can hook your employees up with email, video conferencing equipment and internal chat rooms, so that they always have an efficient way to conduct business and communicate
Sweden and Singapore continue to top the rankings of The Global Information Technology Report 2010-2011,
Transformations 2.0, confirming the leadership of the Nordic countries and the Asian Tiger economies in adopting
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With a record coverage of 138 economies
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Under the theme Transformations 2.0, this 10th anniversary edition explores the coming transformations powered by
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Since the beginning of the report, the sheer amount of information generated by today’s digital society has increased
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The Networked Readiness Index uses a combination of data from publicly available sources, as well as the results of
the Executive Opinion Survey, a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum with its
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report. This survey of over 15,000 executives provides unique data on many qualitative dimensions important to
assess national networked readiness.
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Information Technology Act Notification under IT(Amendment) Act, 2008 IT (Amendment) Act 2008(2349 KB) This pdf file is non accessible through use of Assistive Technologies
(i.e.screen-readers). For user information Document title is "The Gazette of India Part II" Dated February 5,2009. For More information contact DIT webmaster.
IT Act 2000 Rules for the Information Technology Act 2000 Report of the Expert Committee on Amendments to IT Act 2000
Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle covers the entire state of Madhya Pradesh. This state is the site of world's earliest and highly developed civilization. There are over 1800 magnificent monuments bearing the witness to the glory of the land of Malwa. There are some most primitive of aboriginal tribes of India. In this great Central Plateau of rugged mountain ranges, deep ravines and rusting rivers, there are also vast unexplored tracks of thick forest where some of the country's finest big game roam and therefore Madhya Pradesh is rightly called Tiger State.
M.P. Telecom Circle, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh State. This State is covering3, 08, 000 Square Kms of geographical area. It is divided into 48 revenue districts, 247 Tehsils, 313 Block Head Quarters and 51,806 villages. In the present scenario, the BSNL is playing an important role for infrastructure. M.P. Telecom Circle was the first Circle in the country to introduce Internet Services in District and Tehsil head quarters at the rate of local calls. Voice Mail Service which is first in the country in BSNL was
inaugurated into service at Indore on 29th May 2002. Total 2791 Telephone Exchanges are functioning in M.P. State with an OFC Network of 27,222.7 Kms length. Almost 100 % of Exchanges are on reliable (OFC /Radio/Satellite) media. Cellular Mobile Service has been launched with effect from 20-10-2002.
MP TELECOM CIRCLE AT A GLANCE
No. of Districts 48No. of SSAs 34No. of SDCAs 249No. of THQs 272No. of BHQs 313Switching Capacity 26,94,300 ( Wired-16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500
& GSM 7,07,150)Working DELs 23,57,660 ( Wired-12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212
& GSM 8,87,990)No. of Cellular Mobile Subscribers 8,87,990No. of Exchanges 2791Waiting List for NTC ( Wired, WLL and Moble) 12,144Tele-Density 3.9TAX Capacity (Circuits) 2,47,700OFC Route Length in KMs 27,222.7Radio Route KMs 2542.22Exchanges on Reliable Media 2791 ( 100% )Stations connected with MCPC 3Exchanges on STD 2791 ( 100% Exchanges )Total inhabitated Revenue Villages 51806Villages having VPT by BSNL 49,193 No. of Gramin Sanchar Sewaks (GSS) 154 for 836 villagesPCOs - Local 23,196PCOs - STD 26,528PCOs - Highway 1386Revenue earned from Services (06-07) 1082 CroresRevenue earned Total (06-07) 1223 Crores
Revenue per Line (06-07) Rs. 384
Revenue Expenditure (06-07) 495 CroresNo. of Internet Nodes working 43Working Internet Connections 1,51,999Working Broad Band Connections 34,096
Stations having ISDN facility 116SDCAs having IN facility coverage 249 ( 100% )No. of BHQs having Internet Kiosks 223 No. of Customer Service Centres 318No. of Teleshoppes 16Directory on CD made availables since month Last version released in Sep. 2003Computerised Telephone Billing in SSAs 34 ( 100% computerised )FRS computerisation for exchange 2791 (100%)SDCAs having IVRS 249 SDCAs (100%)Cities having DIAS systems 2 ( Bhopal and Indore )Call Centre working Centralized Call Center at Bhopal for all
SSAs in M P Telecom Circle
SERVICES
Switching :
M P Telecom Circle has Switching Capacity of about 26,94,300 ( wired 16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500, GSM 7,07,150) lines with 23,57,660 ( wired 12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212, GSM 8,87,990 ) working DELs as on date. There are 2791 Telephone Exchanges in the State. Telephones are available on demand in most of the Cities & Towns.
Transmission :
M P Telecom has got OFC route of 27,222.7 We have covered 100% stations on reliable media. Practically every important exchange is connected with OFC media. Band-width for Information Technology, even in most of the Rural areas, is available on demand.
Village Public Telephones :
All the 37601 villages meant for VPT coverage by MP Circle, have already provided VPTs during 2003-04 (including four in naxallite areas in Balaghat District). Balance 11,894 villages which could not be earlier covered by Private Operator are now being provided with VPT by BSNL with USO support. We are encouraging provision of STD facility on Village Public
Telephones so that majority of rural public are able to make use of Telephone facility.
Internet Connections :
Information Technology is the key to Development in the State. To keep pace with the world in the IT field, M P Telecom Circle has taken many steps. We have installed Internet nodes at all District HQs. Total Internet Connections in MP are 1,51,999 which is more than the total Internet Connections provided by all other Private ISPs (Internet Service Providers) in the state. We are providing Sanchar-Net cards which helps user to create his own internet account without any paper formalities. The usage hours of the account thus created can be further charged using recharge vouchers.
ISDN Services :
ISDN is a very important service for Data transaction and Video Conferencing. This Service is available on demand in 116 Cities/ Main Towns in M.P. and it can further be made available on demand in any City or Town of the whole of Madhya Pradesh.
Intelligent Network :
Each SSP (Service Switching Point) facilitates IN (Intelligent Network) coverage in 6 SDCAs. We have 39 SSPs working in MP Circle as on date. Intelligent network services are available in 249 SDCAs, each covering 12 Exchanges on an average. Among various IN Services, India Telephone Card is the most popular service.
Internet Cafe :
With a view to promote Information Technology and Computerization in rural areas, BSNL has taken a strong lead. We have provided 248 Internet Cafe in 223 BHQs out of 313 Block HQs in the State. Balance 92 BHQs will have Internet Cafe within one year.
Customer Service Centers (CSCs) :
Our motto is A Satisfied Customer is our Best Salesman. For giving maximum satisfaction to our valued customers, we have taken several steps in the State for Customer Care. Total 318 Customer Service Centers and 16 Tele-shoppes are functioning. All the services and facilities are available on these Customer Service Centers for the benefit of public. We have upgraded major Customer Service Centers for GSM Mobile. Our efforts are to make all these CSCs function on the Single window Concept.
Public Grievances Cell :
A monitoring Cell at Circle HQ level has also been opened. Any customer having any grievance related to telephone, in case his problem is not solved within a reasonable time, can dial at TOLL FREE telephone number 12727 at Circle Headquarter from anywhere in MP and can get his grievance redressed.
Modernisation of Exchange Network :
External Plant is being upgraded in a phased manner to bring down the fault rate to single digit per 100 telephones. In this regard, efforts are being made for fitting of internal DPs/ Wall/
surface DPs and to make the external plant network poleless. Life expired Telephone Instruments are being replaced and Paper Core underground cable is being phased out. All the Analogue Exchanges have already been phased out and already taken out of the Network.
Deposit of Bills in Banks in Rural Areas :
Now customers are able to deposit their telephone bills in the various branches, situated in rural and as well as in urban areas, of State Bank Of India, Central Bank of India & Punjab National Bank. This is an added facility for the customers in addition to the existing one, where the bills are deposited in Post Offices. Efforts are also being made to introduce this facility at other places in the State.
Telephone Directory :
Latest Telephone directories have been printed in 15 SSAs and the work is in progress for remaining SSA. Also corrected telephone directory of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh is available on CD with new numbering introduced this year.
Computerisation of Telecom Services :
Directory Enquiry Service (197) has been computerized in all 34 SSAs. Fault Repair Service (198) has been computerized at SDCC HQ. Telephone billing is fully computerized in all the 34 SSAs. IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) is functioning in all 249 SDCAs.
Conversion of 256 P into AN-RAX :
To further improve the rural network in the state we have planned to convert 256P exchanges into AN-RAXs (Access network rural exchange) . With this conversion, these 256P exchanges
Implementation of IT in State Govt. of Bihar March 21st, 2011 Biharprabha Admin
Information Technology
The Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008 has been enforced and rules of important
sections notified in October 2009 addressing national cyber security. The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT- 1n) has been designated as the nodal agency for coordinating the matters relating to cyber security and emergency response, which published a crisis management plan for countering cyber attacks and cyber terrorism.
Bihar has been catching up fast in the field of IT and related services in recent years. Several initiatives have been made to promote IT and allied projects to facilitate e-
governance in the state.To make Bihar one of the top five e-governed, IT enabled and e-literate states by 2012, the state government has formulated its Information Technology Policy in 2008. With a view to making Bihar a preferred destination for IT business and industry, the state government has also decided to offer a special package of incentives to attract them to the state and another Draft Information Technology Policy is under consideration. The importance of IT may also be gauged from the fact that the total plan outlay for IT department, which was Rs. 5952 lakh in 2009-10 has been increased to more than three times in 2010-11.Sec LAN
Under the Secretariat Local Area Scheme, all secretariat offices and Chief Minister’s residence are
connected in a fiber optic Local Area Network (LAN). An outlay of Rs. 1000 lakh has been planned for the project in 2010-11. All the planned 3300 Data Points have been completed successfully.
BSWAN
Under this scheme, there are a total of 533 points of presence (PoPs)-I in the state, 37 at the district and 495 at block levels. The total project outlay is Rs. 256.24 crore, with the state share of Rs. 97.17 crore, towards bandwidth cost and site preparation for PoPs and horizontal offices. In 2010-11, an outlay of Rs. 900 lakh has been earmarked for BSWAN. During 2010-11, out of 533 PoPs, 484 have been established till October 2010. The remaining 49 PoPs will be completed during this financial year.
Common Service Centre (CSC)
The state government has already taken action to create a network of Common Service Centre christened ‘ Vasudha’ in all 8,463 Panchayats of the state as outlets for various services. Of these,
5538 Vasudha Kendras have so far been established
E-District
The project is wholly sponsored by the central government. A total of 94 Common Facilities Centre (CFC) under e-district plan are to be established, out of which 67 CFCs have been established and the remaining 27 will be established during the financial year 2010-11.
E-Governance
During the financial year 2010-11, the total outlay for the e-governance is Rs. 1400 lakh. The Department of Information Technology is executing GIS mapping through NIC, Beltron, IWDMS,
Regional Institute of e-learning and Information Technology for DOEACC Society.
E-Procurement
The state government has decided to launch e-Procurement system to purchase goods and services
through open tenders so that the value of money is ensured. Initially, e-Procurement project has
been started as a pilot project for schemes above Rs. 25 lakh in certain departments like Road
Construction, Bridge Construction, PHED, Building Construction and the Department of Information Technology and Beltron. During the financial year 2010-11, a total of 1008 tenders has been put up for disposal, whereas 636 have been disposed.
State Data Centre
year 2010-11, for IT fairs and conferences and other capacity building measures, an outlay of Rs.
580.00 lakh has been made.
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These days IT is crucial to the majority of businesses. Almost all companies use IT to some extent, making it
important for employees to have proficient knowledge in the area. It is not longer just IT jobs where staff need a good
knowledge of IT. Almost all office based jobs are now almost entirely based around computers and IT.
Having good IT skills gives you a major advantage over those who do not. Even if a role is not an IT job per se, IT
knowledge may give you an advantage over other candidates and help you once you are employed. Employees are
expected to know the basics of IT in most jobs and there is an assumption that you are able to perform basic
computer related tasks. Email is often the main mode of communication, while employees are also expected to be
able to write documents and use spreadsheets. In most cases the Internet is the main research method, so being
confident using Google, for example, can be a must.
Most admin tasks in any business are now performed through the use of IT and for the large part the traditional
numerous filing cabinets are gone. Accounting is usually done with spreadsheets, so accounting staff also need
knowledge of IT. Even those working in shops and restaurant will use IT is certain ways, such as the tills. Anyone
working in management in any job will need to be able to use computers to either a small or large extend, depending
on the nature of their particular job.
With IT playing such an important role in business today, good IT training, either in education or once in employment,
can make an important difference. IT is there to make life easier, but if you do not have the necessary confidence it
can turn into a nightmare. Staff need to understand the processes they are using, and this requires sufficient training.
IT can be complex, especially in businesses that use it to a large degree, and as with all technologies there will be
things that go wrong. Therefore support staff who can solve any issues are useful. Some companies will have a
person, or even a whole team of people, whose sole job it is to run and maintain the IT systems and networks. IT is
there to help, not hider, but if things are not managed properly it can cause a whole host of problems. The IT
department and processes need to be managed for IT to have the best possible impact on a business. Things need
to be in place so the business can make the most of the advantages IT offers.
Some will use some kind of IT methodology to keep their IT management on track. The most widely used
methodology is ITIL, which stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. ITIL is a set of concept and
policies for managing the IT within a business. Essentially it is the IT best practice.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3221599
History of it
Information technology, while stirring thoughts and visions of networks, the Internet, server rooms,
racks of switches and routers, and advanced terms including VoIP, TCP/IP addressing, security and
more, the 'technology' doesn't necessarily refer only to computer related issues. Any medium or
channel that stores and processes information enters the category of information technology. The
brain is an information processor, working to process and manage information that controls our every
movement, body functions, and habits. Whichever procedure or attempt to communicate, store and
manage information as well as utilize and administer the data will fall under the classification.
The backstory of information technology precedes the invention of the computer. The abacus, used by
Asians, Egyptians, Romans, and the Greek can be termed a source of information technology.
Calculators, the first mechanical one built by German polymath Wilhelm Schickard, or the slide rule,
developed in 1622 byWilliam Oughtred, also comes under the heading of information technology.
Another example would be punch card machines, expanded upon by IBM in the early to mid 1900's,
qualifies the term information technology.
As time progress along with the advances of inventions and applied knowledge, computing took shape
and became useful in a variety of ways other than calculations. Computer science became an
academic specialty, creating computer science departments and classes. As these classes took shape,
separate branches of computer science became distinct areas of study. Today, Information Technology
departments use computers, data centers, servers, database management system, specialized
software applications and more, managed by system and database administrators, an Information
Technology Manager and other department heads, including a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Even
though information technology has a long reach into history, only recently has it been associated with
the use of computers