Information Technology By Ashish

8/8/2019 Information Technology By Ashish

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY




Definition : A collection of computer, hardware,

software, databases, networking andtelecommunication devices that helps the

organization to manage the business process more

effectively and efficiently.

Thus computers are only a part of informationtechnology.

Any technological device like LAN (help in

connecting the employees of the organization) that

helps the organization in managing its processesmore effectively and efficiently forms a part of IT.

Global work group and global delivery system




BPO :

Is contracting a specific business process or task,such as payroll, to a third-party service provider.

Cost saving measure.

Back office : includes internal business function

such as billing and purchasing.Front office : includes customer-related services

such as marketing or technical support.

KPO :

Knowledge process outsourcing is a highly value-added process in which the achievement of goalsis largely dependent on the skills, knowledge andexperience of the people carrying them out. ( datamanagement , intellectual property, equity)




Digital economy

Economy based on information technologiesincluding computers, internet, intranets and

extranets.

To achieve this organizations are moving from

hierarchical structures to flat and networked

structures.

Organizational decision making is from

centralized to de-centralized.Concept of virtual working groups introduced.

Possible due to integration with IT.




Knowledge economy

Driven by ¶knowledge· acquired by theorganization and its employees.

One can send documents to subordinates or co-

workers on the other side of the global.

Collaboration in real time with colleagues in

distant cities, or share photographs the very

instant they were taken.

Financial transactions can be done any time of the day and from any where.




The ability to access and share information

instantly and communications could remove allboundaries of time and distance.

Created new opportunities around the world,

because of the invention of personal computers,

internet, mobile phones etc.

The free flow of information , goods and services

resulted in more productivity and has a greater

impact on economy.

Global supply chains enable businesses to

manufacture products and move them to market

with incredible speed and efficiency.



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Data :

Is a collection of raw facts and figures. Is an element of a transaction, any transaction facts

collected which reflect about the lifestyle of creditcard customers, point of sales or demographics andgeographic are examples of data.

Data comes into various forms ² numbers, words,symbols or sound etc.

Ex : when a customer buys a product from a retailer, Time and date of transaction

Transaction value Item name

Quantity

Mode of payment



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information

Is a collection of data ( facts and figures)arranged in more meaningful manner, which

helps in decision making.

Knowledge

Is the experience and expertise acquired by anindividual. It is the level of understanding in

interpreting the information available for effective

decision- making purpose.

Ex : Amount of liquor consumption is more in

hilly regions.

Knowledge is achieved by processing the

information, which is obtained by processing data.



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

System

Is a group of entities that work together toachieve a common predefined goal.

Ex : Computer, Organization.

A system have inputs, processing and output with

feedback.

System can be open, closed, stable or dynamic.

While creating systems, one prefers to create

dynamic, open systems.

FEEDBACK

PROCESS OUTPUTINPUT



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Organization information

system

Input OutputProcess

System Boundary

Environment

Feedback

Components of Information

System



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information system

Information system is a system that collect,process, store and disseminate information tosupport decision-making.

From business point of view : It is theorganizational and management solution, based oninformation technology, to a challenge raised bythe environment.

Information system can be manual or automated.

Like any other system it also includes inputs,process, output and feedback.

It has a predefined boundary and operates in anenvironment which include other systems,customers, suppliers and government departments.



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ex : manufacturing systeminput data about raw materials and associatedprocessing instruction.processing Processing of these data as per theinstructions.output Reports about finished goods.

Feedback

Sending control signals to maintain thequality of output being produced.Boundary Manufacturing process.

Environment Subsystems like Inventorymanagement system, accounting system, sales order

system. To become flexible, dynamic and open information

system, it is required to understand the role of each of the players customers, suppliers , competitor)in itsenvironment.



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information technology versus information system

IT is the means and backbone of informationsystem.

IT provides the means of storing, processing anddisseminating of information effectively andefficiently.

IS provides the best practices to manage businessprocesses.

To manage IT solutions, good understanding of computers, networks and communication systemsis required.

For designing and developing of IS, require betterunderstanding of business processes, itsenvironment and project management skills.



INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Characteristics of IS

Intrinsic

Accessibility

Contextual

Representation

Must be economical to develop and maintain.Needs to be flexible and adaptable.Uses of information

Identification

CollectionControlling

Measuring

Decision-making



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Information Technology By Ashish