8/3/2019 Information Technology Concepts & Issues

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Information TechnologyConcepts & Issues

Prof. Rushen Chahal

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 Agenda

Concepts

Issues

Chief information officer 

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Concepts

Data

Database

A

pplication program Information

Knowledge

Knowledge workers Data workers

Legacy system

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Concepts

Classifications

Infrastructure & architecture

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Classifications

By organizational structure

By functional area

By support provided By activity supported

By system architecture

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By Organization Structure

Department information systems

 ± L AN

Enterprise information systems ± Intranet

Interorganizational systems

 ± Extranet

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By Functional  Area

Accounting information system

Finance information system

Manufacturing information system Marketing information system

Human resources management

information system

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By Support Provided

Transaction processing system (TPS)

Management information system (MIS)

Office automation system (O AS)

Decision support system (DSS) ± Executive information or support system (EIS)

 ± Group support system (GSS)

Intelligent support system

 ± Expert system (ES) ± Artificial neural network ( ANN)

E-Commerce

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E-Commerce

Electronic store front

Electronic advertisement media

Electronic catalog Electronic bulletin board

Electronic information source

Electronic transaction method Electronic entertainment center 

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By  Activity Supported

Operational systems

 ± Routine operations

 ± TPS, MIS, & simple DDS

Managerial systems or tactical systems

 ± Routine decisions

 ± Short-term planning, organizing, & control ± MIS for summaries, exception reports,

periodic and ad hoc reports, comparative

analysis, projections, connection

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By  Activity Supported

Strategic Systems

 ± Long-range planning

 ± Strategic response systems ± Innovative strategic systems

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By System  Architecture

Mainframe-based

Standalone personal computer 

Distributed or networked computing

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Information Infrastructure

Physical facilities, services, &management to support informationneeds in an organization

Components

 ± Hardware

 ± Software

 ± Network ± Database

 ± Procedure

 ± People

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Information  Architecture

High-level map or plan of the information

requirements in an organization

Types ± Mainframe

 ± PC

 ± Distributed

 ± Client/server 

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 Agenda

Concepts

Issues

Chief information officer 

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Issues

End-user 

IT dept

Company Society

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End-user Issues

Computer literacy

 ± What is it?

 ± Costs ± How to deliver?

 ± Changing content

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End-user Issues

User development

 ± How much?

 ± Power/control/misuse Work environment

 ± Ergonomics

Humanization ± Human factor 

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IT Department Issues

Centralized or decentralized

Interconnectivity

Alignment of IT dept. goals withorganization

IT organization level

Exponential growth of technology

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IT Department Issues

IT leveraging

Technology scouting

 ± Technology transfer  ± Scouting technology future

 ± Predicting trends

 ± Mapping technology to organization

 ± Demonstrating how it could be used

 ± Implementing sold technology

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Company IT Issues

Strategic role of IT

 ± Top-down planning

Computer crime/ security

Reengineering with IT

Business value of IT

 ± Productivity

Change management

Flexibility for future

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Societal Issues

Ethic

Privacy

Unemployment/displacement

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 Agenda

Concepts

Issues

Chief information officer 

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Chief Information Officer 

VP for IT services

Understands business & technology

Looks to future ± Technology transfer 

Creates & sells IT vision

Implements IT infrastructure

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Points to Remember 

Concepts

Issues

Chief information officer 

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Discussion Questions

What are the different types of IS in your 

organization?

Do you think that your organization needextra IS? Name it.

What are the responsibilities of the chief 

information officer in your organization if 

you have one?