Informative and persuasive. Types of Speeches Informative Persuasive Informative SpeechesPersuasive...
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Types of speeches: Informative and persuasive
Informative and persuasive. Types of Speeches Informative Persuasive Informative SpeechesPersuasive Speech To increase knowledge. Can be presented with
Types of Speeches Informative Persuasive Informative
SpeechesPersuasive Speech To increase knowledge. Can be presented
with or without persuasion. To change attitudes and behaviour. Has
to be presented with information, in order to persuade.
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3 Informative speeches
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4 Distinctions between Informative and Persuasive Speaking An
informative speech is meant to increase knowledge. A persuasive
speech is meant to alter attitudes and behavior. A speech can
inform without persuading. A speech cannot persuade without
informing.
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 20085 Topics for Informative
Speeches Choose topics that: Allow you to convey an important
thought or action. Are familiar and interesting to you. Are
important to you. Your audience will find interesting. You can
develop within the time limit.
Copyright Allyn & Bacon 20087 Preparing and Developing an
Informative Speech Gain and maintain audience attention. Increase
understanding of the topic. Apply basic guidelines for effective
informative speaking.
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 20088 How do you gain and maintain
audience attention? Generate a need for the information Create
information relevance Provide a fresh perspective Focus on the
unusual
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 20089 How do you increase
understanding of the topic? Organize your presentation Plan for
repetition Use advance organizers
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 200810 How do you increase
understanding of the topic? Choose language carefully Use concrete
words Use description Use definitions Show contrasts Use synonyms
Use antonyms Use etymologies
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 200811 Hints for effective
informative speaking are... Avoid assumptions Analyze your audience
Adapt to their level of knowledge Personalize information Relate
your topic to your listeners Show that it has relevance for
them
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 200812 How do you evaluate an
informative speech? Topic General requirements Audience analysis
Supporting materials Organization Delivery Language choice
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 200813 Who evaluates the speech?
Instructor Self Yes, you engage in self-evaluation. Listeners
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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 200814 Informative Speech Topics
Graphic design Road rage Anger management Identity fraud Muslim
terrorism Christian terrorism Caffeine and you Baseballs cork bats
PETA and your pets Save your hearing! Laser technology Global
warming
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Persuasive Speeches Persuasion is a communication process,
involving verbal and non-verbal messages, that attempts to
reinforce or change listeners attitudes, beliefs, values or
behaviors( Seiler and Beal, 2008 page 320). The effect of
persuasion occurs over time, that is not immediately. The effect of
persuasion can be manifested in adoption, continuance,
discontinuance or deterrence of actions.
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200817 Persuasion is a communication
process... that attempts to reinforce or change listeners
attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior. -- Seiler and Beall What
is the difference between persuasion, influence, and coercion? Is
there a difference?
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 2008 18 What makes him/her so
persuasive?
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200819 What are the goals of
persuasive speaking? Adoption Discontinuance Deterrence
Continuance
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200820 Topics for Persuasive Speeches
Should be interesting Should be worthwhile Must have a goal of
influence or action Should be current
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200821 Persuasive Topics Ask...
Questions of Fact Questions of Value Questions of Policy Any
combination of these three
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200822 Support a persuasive position
with claim, data, and warrant. Claim - the fact, value, or policy
the speaker wants listeners to accept. Data - evidence that should
influence listeners. Warrant - explanation of relationship between
claim and data.
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200823 What are the key elements for
supporting evidence? (Toulmin model) DataClaim Warrant Frazia has
violated 50 of 52 cease-fire agreements Frazia would violate any
future proposed cease-fire treaty Past violations are symptomatic
of probable future violations
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200824 Establishing Credibility
Competence Demonstrate involvement Relate experience Cite research
Character Trustworthiness Ethics Charisma
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200825 Becoming Effective Consumers
of Persuasion Ask the right questions. How knowledgeable is the
speaker? What sources has the speaker used? Are sources reliable?
Is evidence worthwhile? Can I believe the argument? Where can I get
additional information?
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200826
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200827 Preparing and Developing a
Persuasive Speech Research the topic (review chapter 8) Organize
the speech (review chapter 9) Use supporting material Use
persuasive strategies
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200828 Supporting Material Appeals to
needs Logical appeals Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning
Causal reasoning Reasoning by analogy Emotional appeals
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200829 Supporting Material Appeals to
needs physical needs safety needs social needs self-esteem
needs
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200830 Supporting Material Logical
appeals Deductive reasoning: from general information to a specific
conclusion General premise: Heart disease is a major health concern
in the Midwest Minor premise: Nebraska is part of the Midwest
Conclusion: Therefore, heart disease is a major health concern in
Nebraska!
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200831 Supporting Material Logical
appeals Inductive reasoning: moving from specific information to
general conclusions Facts: My speech teacher is an excellent
teacher My speech teacher last semester was also excellent My
friends speech teacher is also excellent Conclusion: Speech
teachers at the University of Nebraska are excellent teachers
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200832 Supporting Material Logical
appeals Causal reasoning: sequence of thought that links causes
with effects The earths temperature is turning colder because the
ozone layer is thinning Adequate support would be required to
support this claim is persuasion is desired
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200833 Supporting Material Logical
appeals Reasoning by analogy: compares similar things or
circumstances in order to draw a conclusion General premise:
American auto production must improve Minor premise: The Japanese
method of auto production has been extremely successful Conclusion:
American auto manufacturers should adopt the Japanese method if
they want to be successful
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200834 Supporting Material Emotional
appeals Fear, happiness Can sway people to do things that might not
be logical Ethics demands that we use emotions with care Speaker
should be careful, fair, truthful
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200835 Fallacies in Argument
Development Fallacies of reason Questionable cause Ad hominem
Fallacies of evidence Fact vs. opinion Red herring Hasty
generalization
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200836 Making Effective Persuasive
Speeches Set a realistic persuasive goal. Conduct a thorough
audience analysis. Identify a need for the audience. Provide a
solution that matches the audiences beliefs, attitudes, and values.
Give your audience a practical solution. Point out the
advantages.
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200837 Making Effective Persuasive
Speeches Point out the negatives in other solutions and why your
solution is best. Use only valid and reliable evidence. Be ethical
and fair. Practice and become familiar with the content. Deliver
the speech with enthusiasm, sincerity, and confidence.
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200838 Evaluating the Persuasive
Speech Topic General requirements Audience analysis Supporting
materials Organization Delivery Language choice
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200839 Delivery Be enthusiastic,
confident, and poised Convey a persuasive attitude Convey the
topics relevance Enhance and clarify with nonverbals - gestures,
eye contact, facial expression Enhance with vocal delivery: vocal
variety, rate, appropriate pauses, pitch, volume to match impact of
your points Read the audience and adjust accordingly
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200840 Tips for Persuasive Speakers
Establish yourself as an ethical communicator. Use repetition and
restatement. Use appropriate organizational patterns. Select
appropriate supporting materials. Use sound reasoning.
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200841 Persuasive Speech Topics
Increasing Funding for Stem Cell Research Requiring Internships
without Pay Dangers on the Internet Control Road Rage Racial
Profiling is Wrong Baseball Must Control Steroid Use Global Warming
and the Environment
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Copyright Allyn and Bacon 200842 Provide information AND affect
listeners attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors.
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Reference Seiler, W. J and Beall, M. L ( 2008). Communication.
Making Connections ( 7 th ed). Boston: Pearson Copyright Allyn and
Bacon 200843