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Innovation and TechnologyAs with all students, the opportunity for students with learning
disabilities to compete for college admissions, succeed in college and in the global market place depends upon the
quality of their educational preparation and the systems they rely upon. Enhancing the effectiveness depends upon
technology and innovation. Richard Varn will describe the challenges of relevance and innovation in technology that must be confronted in order for students with learning disabilities to achieve their goals in preparing for college. Varn will discuss
how technology will reshape the schools and education systems that students with learning disabilities rely upon for
preparation and the colleges and university environments that they will be entering. He will discuss issues that policymakers,
educators and others must confront to close gaps in preparation and college access for students with learning
disabilities.
Innovation and Technology
Two Key Ingredients for Improving Preparation and
Transition to College
Richard J. H. Varn
"Whoever "Whoever desires desires constant constant success must success must change his change his conduct with conduct with the times."the times."
"There is nothing more "There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its or more uncertain in its success, than to take the success, than to take the lead in the introduction of lead in the introduction of a new order of things. a new order of things. Because the innovator has Because the innovator has for enemies all those who for enemies all those who have done well under the have done well under the old conditions, and old conditions, and lukewarm (indifferent, lukewarm (indifferent, uninterested) defenders in uninterested) defenders in those who may do well those who may do well under the new. "under the new. "
CIO
Some Change Attempt Examples1990 World Wide
Web…DNA forensicsBroadbandVideo History
ArchiveIowa Electronic
UniversityIndoor
playgroundsGovernment
services card
1-to-1 computing E-medical recordsHealth care poolingCourseware campsAd supported e-mail100% E by 2003IP video and
telephonyGIS/GPS criminal
tracking
Dominant Private Practice for Change
High Value
Low Value
High Cost Low Cost
Current Process
New Process
Leap and Reap
Rapidly
Creep and Weep Over a Much Longer Time
Government Failure to Precipitate
High Value
Low Value
High Cost Low Cost
Current Process
New Process
Current Process
Keep the Old Process But Do
Less of It
Where we passionately and methodically search for new insight
into how the brain functions, how we learn, and the factors and methods of
human organization and success...
SO WE CAN IGNORE IT ALL WHEN IT COMES TO OUR OWN PROGRAMS!
Education and Government: Resistant to Change
Pushing change in education and government is like trying to run through a wall of spandex…
…coated with Teflon so nothing sticks…
And imbued with the universal element “Bureaucratium,” an amazing substance that seems indestructible and repels everything…
Examples of the Kind of Questions That I Intend to Ask As a Way of Infecting You With Viral Ideas
No Birds Are Involved
In Transmission…
Do You Remember?
Plop Pop Cop
Technological Ethics
Would it be unethical to make learning addictive?
Hint: TV, music, game, drug, pornography, gambling and
other industries do not understand the question
Time=Value=Mind Share=Learning:
where the time goes, the mind goes
Technological EthicsWhich does not fit:
Licentiousness, Extremes, Titillation, Comfort or Learning?
We try to do analog replication and combination of these “easier” things to help learning - like with games that teach or a dramatization of an idea such as with Les Miserables.
Technological EthicsWhat about when we can digitally and
elementally duplicate the pleasurable to achieve the difficult?
As we identify the electrochemical processes and stimulants that are involved with pleasure, spirituality, comfort, fun, etc., will the vice and commercial industries be the only ones willing and able to use them?
If we can make learning to solve quadratic equations feel like eating junk food, gaming, and skateboarding all at once, what is wrong with that?
Creative Deconstruction Destruction
Modern science and technologyHumanity’s Great Quest: Being
able to observe, identify, model, manipulate, create, form and combine the parts of anything
Cosmos, atoms, genes, cells, brains, bodies, ecosystems, knowledge, work, processes, markets and institutions
Key Effects of IT AgeDigitalizationAutomationRobotizationMiniaturizationSpecializationCustomizationGlobalization Mutation
CommoditizationDisintermediationModularizationTechnological
DeterminismAcronymization or
TCCTA– Tendency to Create
Colorful Technical Acronyms.
– If you have a problem with that, join SPAM or Society to Prevent Acronym Memorization.
Centers Are ShiftingCenter of Proximity and ConcentrationCenter of Culture/EntertainmentCenter of ProductionCenter of ApplicationCenter of Global ScaleCenter of ExcellenceCenter of IntegrationCenter of CreativityCenter of DiscoveryCenter of BrokeringCenter of Service (Concierge At Large)
Past (Settled)
Future (Frontier)
The Postman Proviso© 2
005
Cen
ter
for
Dig
ital G
over
nmen
t.
All
Rig
hts
Res
erve
d. Q
uote
with
Att
ribut
ion
Onl
y
Technology or Technique is Not Neutral…
We conform to it, it does not conform to us.
But perhaps it can be Subversively Helpful.
Technological determinism means that if you change a part of an interconnected system, the rest of the system WILL eventually and inevitably change to reflect the speed, power or capabilities of the part that was changed. -Richard J. H. Varn
Technology is ultimately a friend but mostly it is a "dangerous enemy" that "intrudes" into a culture "changing everything“ and even "eliminates alternatives to itself."
Automation increases probability but decreases possibility.
- Lewis Mumford
Determinism: A Short CutThe long term sneaky way to change the
world without ever asking permission or having to try to convince those who will be forced to change and already hate the idea, whatever it is and no matter what it is, before you even thought of it.
Change key, interconnected tools, and the rest of the system will change.
Technological DeterminismTechnological systems are
interconnected webs.The history of such systems shows a
consistent repeating pattern.Changes in the speed, power or
complexity of one part causes comparable changes in all other parts to which it is connected.
One Word: DatabaseTools are viral containers of ideas.How we think differently from their use is often
even more important than what they actually do.– Do you remember the first time you clicked instead
of typed?
– Do you remember pocket protector wearers saying GUI was a waste of time and resources, and was the SAME AS TYPING COMMANDS?
– The viral idea was the connection between interface, function and data, and they could not see it.
The dominant tool, metaphor, idea of our time is the database.
ConvergenceThe coming together or merging of:
– Jurisdictions– Industries– Companies– Tools and technologies– Products and devices– Professions and skills– Jobs
The viral spread of IT across and within industries and elements of life
Analog: StandardizationNut, screws and boltsRailsElectricityAuto tiresPaperPlumbing and lumberDrove the greatest expansion of
human productive capacity in history and a lot of extinctions
Digital: StandardizationData (XML in every industry)Networks (IP everything)Software (Web Services and SOA)Storage (the one file holy grail)Human Computer Interface (see me,
feel me)Processing (Gird for the Virtual Grid)And the effect will be at least as large…Technological bow waves…
Government and Education As A Service
Domestic and Global Economy of Scale LayerCommon, Interchangeable, Customizable Software and Hardware Services
Public Entities Non-Profit Entities and Associations For-Profit Entities
Public Only
BothPublic Only
BothPublic Only Both
Subject Matter Expert LayerSubject and Industry Specific Human, Software and Hardware Services
Bit
Concierge Layer
Personalized and Automated Human, Software and Hardware Services
Private OnlyPrivate Only
Niche Function Industry Cross-IndustryOne Stop
Government
Object MarketFunctional and Software Lego Bricks
Public DevelopersDomestic, Global and Open
Source
Private DevelopersDomestic, Global and Open
Source
Customer Agents
Web Services Government Integrated Into Other Software and Services
Steps to GAAS UPConsolidate (across boundaries
and industries)Broker (think “Plastics…”)Standardize (what and how)Automate (no human can…)Innovate (no machine used to…)
Steps to GAAS UPDocument rules (rules are made to
be coded)Virtualize (it happens somewhere) Eliminate (processes and systems)Re-deploy resources (harvest)
Businesses
Customer Agents
Citizens
E-Forms Functional Summary
First Form
First Form
First Form
Data to Agencies
to:
• Accept
•Share
•Reuse
•Query
•Manage
•Safeguard Privacy
“COUNT”
“COUNT”
“COUNT”
•Extract Data
•Apply Business
Rules
•Validate
•Sign
•Submit
•Route
Forms Engines
to:
•Submit Data
•Apply Business
Rules
•Sign
•Submit
•Route
Authentication
Direct Data
Transfers
Data Analysis, Sharing
and Public Access
Scope Industry
Segment or Government
Function
Data Management Improvement Process
Publish Data Routing
Processes
Create Harmonized
Forms
Identify Forms and Paperwork Processes
Within Segment or
Function
Determine Core Data Elements and Business Rules
Select Forms and
Processes to Be
Addressed
Select Industry or Government
FunctionFinalize and Publish XML Schema for Data Elements,
Business Rules and Presentation Formats
Harmonize Data Elements and Business Rules; Coordinate With
Industry Standards
Customer AgentsPrivate Industry Solutions,
Systems, Services and Software Modules
Agency Processing, Applications,
Databases and Legacy Systems
Work With: • Business and Industry Associations• Industry Solutions Vendors • Federal, State and Local Governments• Customer Agents• Industry XML and Data Standards
Bodies
Harmonize and Reduce
The Next 50 YearsDevices per chip continue to double every
12 months.The pace of change continues to accelerate.100 years happens in 20 at the current rate.*Use to ubiquity.Distinctive to disposable.Peripheral to integral.
*Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines
The Pace of Change Is Accelerating
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PPTParadigmShiftsFrr15Events.jpg
Four Ways to IT
Wire
StorageProcessing
WirelessServices and
Content
Universal AccessAnyone, anywhere, anytime will be
able to instantaneously talk, write and send visual and audio information to anyone else.
IP replaces Esperanto. Please put my universal translator
engine in my cell phone in my ear rather than a Babel Fish…
Watch the Third Screen
The Digital Majority
Like Starbucks' relentless attempts to sell itself as the "third place," the wireless industry is
trying to sell itself as the "third screen."
2010:
•500 Million Broadband Users
•2.3 Billion Cell Phones
Spare PartsAvailability dates:Artificial Brain Cells 2017Artificial Brain 2035Artificial Eyes 2010Artificial Eye Implant 2024Permanent Mechanical Heart 2010Synthetic Muscles 2019Lungs And Kidneys 2015
DATA: BRITISH TELEPHONE LABS in Business Week, March 200 and in The Register, February 2005
Now Picking Up a Spare…Over 100,000 Cochlear
Ear ImplantsBionic limbs moved by thoughtExoskeletonsLimbs, joints and bonesCarbon nanotubes
Brain Computer Interface
A BrainGate, enabled paralyzed Matthew Nagle, to move a computer cursor, change TV channels and operate fingers on a prosthetic hand.
Long-term goal of the study was to develop brain computer interfaces (BCIs).
Unlocking EricEric Ramsey has been "locked-in" since 1999. “A
locked-in patient is somebody who is basically alert and intelligent, but they cannot communicate.”
“His thinking brain is intact, but he cannot move, he can hardly move his eyes, he cannot speak, he gets spasms from time to time."
They are presently detecting the pattern of firing in signals and the pattern is associated with particular phonemes or word sounds that he is trying to produce. They have done that mapping and are trying to detect them and send them back to him, so that he can actually produce the phonemes or sounds of words. The result will be a computer synthesizing Eric's attempts to speak.
More Than the Sum of Our PartsBeyond alleviating the effects of disabilities,
normal functioning humans could upgrade to improve intelligence, sensory awareness or simply to counter the effects of aging.
Disability becomes ability?Ampl-ability (ability becomes amplified)? Eubility (good things beyond human ability)?Malability (things we wish humans could
never do)?
Computer Tipping PointComputers reach the speed of 20
quadrillion instructions per second, equal to the human brain– In accordance with Moore's law, we expected
to reach the computational capacity of the human brain---20 million billion neuron connection calculations per second (100 billion neurons times an average of 1,000 connections to other neurons times 200 calculations per second per connection)---in a super computer by 2010 and in a standard personal computer by the year 2020.
Ray Kurzweil
Kurweil’s VisionBy the year 2040 a super
computer reaches the collective brain speed of all the human brains alive.
By 2050 global brain speed is available on a $1,000 laptop.
Before You Retire or DieCumulative machine intelligence
becomes larger than cumulative human intelligence.
GNR (Genetic, Nanotechnology and Robotics) combine to remake civilization as we know it.
Hi, HALNon-invasive brain
scanning capabilities are growing exponentially.
Reverse engineering of the brain and other software techniques make machines more than human in many ways.
“Will I dream, Doctor?”
Convergence in Learning
Neuroscience
Information Technology
Assessment
Learners
Diagnosis, Response and “Treatment”
Inherent IT Advantages in Education?Customization and individualization Democratization of access, content
and toolsNon-linearityPlace indifferenceAvailability of changeable contentThe elimination of rote tasks in
teaching and learning
Inherent IT Advantages in Education?More time to focus on only that
which a human can do wellInstant access human knowledge
in all formsOverlaying data on our
experiencesSharingCollaborationInput and outcome analysis
Are We Taking Advantage of the Inherent Advantages of IT in
Education?
Ummm…No
What Is Most Out of Whack?The Carnegie Unit credit hoursLinearityGradesSubjectsLearning to remember rather than
learning to learnEducation is expected to cure all
with out concomitant resources
What Is Most Out of Whack?Assessment is misapplied with too
many high-stakes low-yield tests and not enough low-stakes
high-yield tests.The policy response is inadequate
to the amount of change, the size of the challenge and the importance of the outcome.
Courseware1: Each academic program has an
articulated curriculum.2: Each class has specified goals
and objectives.3: Standards and the method of
assessment are agreed upon.4: Student achievement level and learning
style are assessed.
More Courseware Steps...5: Learning and instruction plan
is customized and matched to goals, objectives and student learning style.
6: Search for, acquire and develop courseware to meet the learning and instruction plans.
7: Training in the use of the courseware and courseware tools is delivered.
Final Courseware Steps8: Courseware is delivered.9: Continuous assessment based on
standards is used to determine level of achievement of goals and objectives.
10--Results of the assessment are fed back into the curriculum articulation and writing process.
Repeat the cycle.
Courseware LayersExperience, Information and KnowledgeObjectsModulesUnitsCourses or CompetenciesDegrees, Certificates and Documented
Achievement
Digital Content—Essential Raw MaterialWhy have states not mandated that all text
books and educational materials purchased must be in both analog (paper) or digital form?
Furthermore, since most of the cost of paper materials is NOT in the content development but in the manufacture and distribution, states should pay less for the digital copy and subscribe to updates like other software maintenance.
If you feel lonely, put a trigger to make sure 10 or some number of states pass it before it goes into effect.
Searching for Optimal Efficiency and Quality
Cost
Lecture
Personal Tutor
Self-StudyBook
Mode and level of personalization of delivery
Discussion/Class
Courseware
Low
High
Do What Students DoGames and simulationMix, mash and create IMTxtCellMP3/PodcastsStream-of-consciousness surfingBloggingEmailCollaborateMusicTVDVD’sViral advertising
Where Can We Go From Here?
Data-Based DecisionsBeing able to see and use all allowable
data in multiple formats:– Textual– Tabular– Spatial– Simulation
The ability to know actual outcomes of programs from enterprise data and other private data sources.
What and Where Is Work and Who or What Does It?
Human Race
Workplace Workers
Distributed Workers
Outsourced Workers
Crowd Sourced Workers
Machine RaceComputers and Robots
Workplace Machines
Distributed Machines
Outsourced Machines
Distributed Processing
Work
Play
Neither and Both
Unbundling the Teaching ProfessionOne job categoryJob description?Do it all and do it well.What does that mean?We need to face up to our teaching disabilities.
Job Description for a Teacher
TeachingAssessment expertDiagnostic expertCurriculum designerAdvisorMentorResearcher/WriterPublic servantSocial workerCommunity and Parent
Liaison
BureaucratPolicymakerMedical managerContent expertTechnology integratorDisciplinarianDisability managerSecretary and data entry
clerkAnd did I mention you
have a life?
Converged ScienceNeuroscience
– Psychometrics
BiologyPsychology
– Communication and Persuasion
ChemistryPhysicsHow these will be applied to the teaching
and learning process
Consider the Medical Model and Distributed Work
How the health care work force is organized:– We pay doctors a lot but there is still a huge
supporting cast of specialist and professionals.– They have insurance and customers shilling for
them and occasionally annoying them.
Consider how the converging sciences of information technology, neurology, assessment and so on can be used to diagnose successful and unsuccessful learning strategies and activities and vary how we approach education.
Converged Learning ManagementStudent portfolios to document learningNew evaluation methodsThe link between material use, brain
research and real-time monitoringDiagnostics with physical capabilitiesFormative assessments can be:
– Technology like Web Ex, Groupsystems.com, and audience response systems
– Or cheap and simple• Red dot, green dot• A-E letters
The Old New Key QuestionsWho teaches it?What is taught?When is it taught?Where is it taught?Why is it taught?How is it taught?How do we
measure teaching?
Who learns it?What is learned?When is it learned?Where is it learned?Why is it learned?How is it learned?How do we measure
learning?
Put Simply...What aspects of teaching and learning do
we want to:– Augment?– Replace?– Automate?– Decentralize?– Reform?
Example: Note TakingIs this the reason we go to school?It is the most practiced act.Granted: it has the benefit for some
learners of reinforcing and as a memory aid.It is not part of the curriculum, evaluated,
credited, improved.Alternatives
– Notes in advance– Lecture capture, preview, or synopses– Real-time voice to text– Moving on to the next level of discourse rather
than recording the sage on the stage
Questions and Answers
Policy implicationsPractice recommendations
Product recommendations
Education Technology Objectives
Classroom and Institution Management– You want the grading and paperwork processes of
teaching to be easier and more automated.– You want learners and their families to be able to do
self-service on classroom and institutional processes.– You want to know more about your learners before they
show up for class. You want to know the results of your specific programs and effort with as much cause and effect analysis as possible.
– You want your results based system to roll its results up to various mandated reports like NCLB and to teachers, researchers, educational leaders, policy makers and
the public.
Education Technology ObjectivesBetter Lectures and Presentations
– You want to hold the attention of learners during lectures and presentations and appropriately use various media to enhance learning rather than just entertain.
Reflect Work Conditions– You want your learners to learn using the
same tools, techniques and systems they will use in the workplace.
Education Technology ObjectivesRemediation
– You want to spend less class time on bringing everyone up to the same
level and on addressing general study skill issues, subject matter gaps and literacy problems.
Education Technology ObjectivesTechnical Training
– You want learners to learn to use tools and systems that are not in themselves part of the curriculum by using self-paced, virtual and hands-on tutorials.
Customized Learning– You want use technology to match the
teaching and learning methods and materials to be tailored to the individual knowledge, skills, learning styles and objectives of each learner.
Education Technology ObjectivesDiagnostic Model of Education
– You want to use brain research, assessment, real time feedback and (if it becomes commonly available) physical indication of learning activity in the brain to know if a learner is in fact learning and responds accordingly.
Extended Learning– You want the exceptional and the motivated
learners to go beyond what is required in the class or program and beyond what you have time to teach them.
Education Technology ObjectivesSelf-Directed Learners
– You want learners who can and will learn on their own to be able to do so and receive credit for what they learn. You want to be able to spend more time being a mentor, motivator, creator, guide, evaluator and/or expert learner.
Education Technology ObjectivesCollaborative Learning
– You want your learners to work in collaborative teams and networks that are not bound by the walls and grounds of your location.
More Learning– You want your learners to learn more
than previously possible through print technology and gain greater mastery over the subject matter.
Education Technology ObjectivesMore Cost-Effective Learning
– You want learning the amount of learning per dollar spent to be greater.
Education Technology ObjectivesDifferentiating Roles and Specializing
– You want to allow each person to focus more on the more narrowly defined role, specialize, and improve the quality of their work on their areas of expertise (e.g., assessment, curriculum development, discussion, administrative processes, lecture, mentoring, counseling, etc.) and use technology to help free up time and reorganize the work to make this possible.
Education Technology ObjectivesVirtual Reality
– You want to be able to simulate real environments that are too dangerous, expensive and/or remote to provide at your school.
Education Technology ObjectivesCourseware Development
– You want to do what was once only the province of textbook companies, moviemakers and computer specialists: make multimedia courseware.
Education Technology ObjectivesReach New Markets
– You want to export your unique and high quality programs into areas beyond the magic 30-minute, 30-mile barrier.
Education Technology ObjectivesExpand Offerings
– You want to be able to increase your offerings beyond what is possible and/or affordable with conventional educational delivery systems. You want to do this to attract and keep more students and increase the value of your programs.
Education Technology ObjectivesSurvival
– You want to make sure you are not bypassed by other delivery systems
and that your school is equal to or better than the competition in the use and availability of education materials and information technology.
