INSTILLING THE WARFIGHTING SPIRIT ARMY AIRSPACE COMMAND AND CONTROL (A2C2)

INSTILLING THE WARFIGHTING SPIRIT

ARMY AIRSPACE COMMAND AND CONTROL (A2C2)


TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

AS A MEMBER OF THE COMBINED ARMS TEAM PLAN AIRSPACE CONTROL

PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT COMBAT OPERATIONS IN

ACCORDANCE WITH (IAW)FM 100-103 AND FM 101-5-1.


A2C2 DEFINITION

• COORDINATES THE EFFICIENT EMPLOYMENT OF AIRSPACE USERS TO ACCOMPLISH THE GROUND CDR’S MISSION • UTILIZES DELIBERATE PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF TASKS.• EMPHASIZES:

• STANDARDIZATION• MINIMAL RESTRICTIONS• CLOSE AND CONTINUOUS COORDINATION


A2C2 OBJECTIVE

MAXIMIZE THE COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS OF

ALL AIRSPACE USERS.


A2C2 FUNCTIONS

• COORDINATION

• INTEGRATION

• REGULATION

• IDENTIFICATION


A2C2 BASIC TASKS

• AIR DEFENSE

• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

• COMBAT OPERATIONS CONTROL

• FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION


AIR FORCE INTERFACE

• NORMALLY, AIRSPACE WITHIN THEATERAND THE RULES GOVERNING ITS USE ARE CONTROLLED BY THE AIR FORCE

• THE TACTICAL AIR COMPONENT COMMANDER IS THE PROMINENT FIGURE FOR THEATER AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT


TACTICAL AIR COMPONENT COMMANDER

• USUALLY DESIGNATED BY THE JFC

• THREE SIGNIFICANT RESPONSIBILITIES:• TACTICAL AIR FORCE COMMANDER• AREA AIR DEFENSE COMMANDER• AIRSPACE CONTROL AUTHORITY


TACTICAL AIR CONTROL CENTER (TACC)

• THE AIR FORCE’S HIGHEST COMMAND POST • WHERE THE ACC EXECUTES FUNCTIONS • SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS CONTRIBUTING TO A2C2 ARE :

- AIRSPACE CONTROL CENTER- BATTLEFIELD COORDINATION ELEMENT - AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT LIAISON SECTION (AMLS)


CORPS AND DIVISION A2C2 ELEMENTS

• LOCATED WITHIN THE COMMAND POST AT EACH TACTICAL ECHELON

• DETERMINES HOW CDR’S AIRSPACE NEEDS CAN BE MET

• PROVIDES VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CHANNELS FOR INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS


CORPS AND DIVISION A2C2 ELEMENTS

• THE A2C2 ELEMENTS OF THE CORPS/DIVISION ARE STAFFED WITH THE FOLLOWING (TOE) POSITIONS: - G3 AIR - G2/CEWI - ADA OFFICER - G4 REP (AS REQUIRED) - AVIATION OFFICER - RPV CDR/LO (AS REQUIRED) - AIR FORCE (ALO) - FSO - ANGLICO REP (AS REQUIRED) - ARMY ATS

• G3/S3 AIR IS IN CHARGE OF THE A2C2 ELEMENT


DIVISION

A2C2 ELEMENT

ADA AVN ATS FSO G3AIR

ALO G2CEWI

REAR CP

TACCP

PLANCELLOPS

CELL

INTLCELL

CSSCELL

FSCELL

ALOTACP

S-3 AIR

AVN REP ADA REP

FSO

ATS FCC

CORPSA2C2 DIVISION

A2C2 ELEMENT

DIVISION A2C2 ELEMENT

DIVISIONA2C2 INTERFACE

• G3 OPERATIONS SECTION REP•ADA ELEMENT REP•AVIATION ELEMENT REP•FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT REP•TACP REP•ATS LO•G2 CM&D REP

• ANGLICO REP *•RPV LO *•G4 REP ** AS REQUIRED


AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT(CONTROL AND REPORTING CENTER)

• CRC IS THE FOCAL POINT OF AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND AIR DEFENSE WITHIN THE THEATER

• CRC IS USUALLY DELEGATED AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AIR DEFENSE WARNINGS:

• RED: ATTACK IMMINENT OR IN PROGRESS• YELLOW: ATTACK PROBABLE• WHITE: ATTACK NOT PROBABLE


ARMY ATS

• COMMZ: ONE ATS COMPANY WITH TWO PLATOONS. PROVIDES TERMINAL ATC SERVICES

• CORPS: ONE ATS BATTALION IS PLACED IN DIRECT SUPPORT OF EACH U.S. CORPS

• DIVISION: ONE ATS COMPANY IS IN SUPPORT


ARMY ATS(DIVISIONAL COMPANY ATS ASSETS)

• TACTICAL TEAM (TAC TEAM): PROVIDES MOBILE NAVAID TO BRIGADE AREA (FULLY OPERATIONAL IN 15-20 MINUTES)

• TOWER TEAM: PROVIDES TERMINAL ATS SERVICES AND SUPPORT TO DIVISION AIRFIELD


ARMY ATS(DIVISIONAL COMPANY ATS ASSETS)

• GROUND CONTROLLED APPROACH (GCA) TEAM: PROVIDES RADAR APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES AND SUPPORT.

• FLIGHT CONTROL CENTER (FCC): • PROVIDES 24 HOUR ENROUTE ATS SERVICE AND SUPPORT• CO-LOCATED OR ELECTRONICALLY LINKED TO DIV A2C2 ELEMENT


ADA WEAPON CONTROL STATUS

• WEAPONS FREE: ENGAGE ALL AIRCRAFT NOT POSITIVELY IDENTIFIED AS FRIENDLY

• WEAPONS TIGHT: ENGAGE ALL AIRCRAFT POSITIVELY IDENTIFIED AS HOSTILE.

• WEAPONS HOLD: ENGAGE AIRCRAFT ONLYIN SELF DEFENSE OR IN RESPONSE TO A FORMAL ORDER.


HOW IS CONTROL MAINTAINED ?


METHODS OF COMMAND AND CONTROL

• POSITIVE CONTROL: REQUIRES THE USE OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (I.E. RADAR, IFF, AND COMMUNICATIONS)• PROCEDURAL CONTROL: AIRSPACE ACCOMPLISHED BY NON ELECTRONIC MEANS:

- ORDERS - OVERLAYS- SOP’S - A2C2 CONTROL

MEASURES OR RESTRICTIONS


AIRSPACE CONTROL MEASURES

• VARIETY OF JOINTLY APPROVED PROCEDURAL CONTROL MEASURES ARE AVAILABLE TO COMMANDER

• EACH MAJOR AIRSPACE USER HAS INTERNAL PROCEDURAL MEASURES

• TO SELECT NECESSARY PROCEDURAL MEASURE, AIRSPACE MANAGER MUST DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:


AIRSPACE CONTROL MEASURES (SELECTION CRITERIA)

• WHAT THE MEASURE MUST ACCOMPLISH ?

• WHO THE MEASURE WILL OR MUST EFFECT ?

• HOW THE MEASURE WILL SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF THE OPERATIONS ?

• WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE MEASURE ?


AIRSPACE CONTROL MEASURES (FUNCTIONS)

• RESERVE AIRSPACE FOR THE SPECIFIC AIRSPACE USERS

• RESTRICT THE ACTION OF AIRSPACE USERS

• CONTROL THE ACTIONS OF AIRSPACE USERS


AIRSPACE CONTROL MEASURES

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COORDINATING ALTITUDE

• PROCEDURAL METHOD DESIGNED TO SEPARATE FW AND RW ACFT

• DOES NOT RESTRICT ACFT IN AIRSPACE ABOVE OR BELOW COORDINATING ALTITUDE • MOST CASES: DIFFERS (I.E. 200 FT FOR FW AND 100 FT FOR RW) CREATING A “ BUFFER ZONE “ BETWEEN THE TWO ALTITUDES.


MINIMUM RISK ROUTES (MRR)

• ROUTES RECOMMENDED BY THE CORPS CDR

• TO MINIMIZE HAZARD TO FRIENDLY ACFT TRANSITING TO A SPECIFIC AREA

• BEGINS AT THE CORPS REAR BOUNDARY AND ENDS AT THE FSCL.

• AVOIDS AREAS OF HIGH AIRSPACE USE FOR OTHER MISSIONS OR AREAS OF GND COMBAT.


LOW-LEVEL TRANSIT ROUTES (LLTR)

• FOR USE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT

• DEFINED DIMENSIONS PASS THROUGH AREAS OF ORGANIC AND SURFACE FORCES

• DEVELOPED BY THE ACC

• SHOULD BE CHANGED FREQUENTLY TO PREVENT COMPROMISE TO ENEMY FORCES.


STANDARD USE ARMY AIRCRAFT FLIGHT ROUTES (SAAFR)

• ESTABLISHED BELOW THE COORDINATING ALTITUDE TO FACILITATE THE MOVEMENT OF ARMY AVIATION ASSETS

• NORMALLY LOCATED IN THE CORPS THROUGH BRIGADE REAR AREA OF OPERATIONS

• JOINTLY RECOGNIZED ROUTES WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE JOINT APPROVAL


AIRSPACE RESTRICTED AREA (ROA/ROZ)

• TERMS ROA AND ROZ ARE SYNONYMOUS

• DEVELOPED FOR A SPECIFIC MISSION UNTIL END OF TIME SPECIFIED

• ACTIVATED FOR DROP ZONES, SEARCH AND RESCUE OPS, ADA WEAPON FREE ZONES, ETC.

• CONTROLLING AUTHORITY IS THE REQUESTING COMMANDER


HIGH DENSITY AIRSPACE CONTROL ZONE (HIDACZ)

• PURPOSE: REQUESTED BY MANEUVER CDR TO RESERVE AIRSPACE AND CONTROL WHO HAS ACCESS TO THE ZONE

• ALLOWS CDR TO RESTRICT AIRSPACE FROM USERS NOT INVOLVED WITH OPERATION

• USUALLY LOCATED ALONG THE FLOT

• NO ACFT CAN TRANSIT WITHOUT APPROVAL


ARMY SPECIFIC PROCEDURAL CONTROL MEASURES


ARMY PROCEDURAL CONTROL MEASURES

• AIR CORRIDOR• AIR CONTROL POINT (ACP)• COMMUNICATIONS CHECKPOINT (CCP)• FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES• AIR DEFENSE CONTROL MEASURES• ARMY AVIATION CONTROL MEASURES


QUESTIONS

Documents

INSTILLING THE WARFIGHTING SPIRIT ARMY AIRSPACE COMMAND AND CONTROL (A2C2)