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type of insulationas, need of insulations,Sustainable Solutions for our Needs
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InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 1
Life Cycle Assessment ofLife Cycle Assessment ofHigh-Performance Thermal Insulation High-Performance Thermal Insulation
SystemsSystemsfor Domestic Buildingsfor Domestic Buildings
Ivo Mersiowsky, TuTech Integrated Management, Hamburg/Germany
&Hermann Krähling, Solvay Management Support,
Hanover/Germany
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 2
Sustainable Solutions for our Sustainable Solutions for our NeedsNeeds
Depending on the Climate, we spend more or less Energy on Heating (or, Cooling). The Demand of Energy can be significantly reduced by Insulating our Homes …
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 3
What do we need Thermal Insulation of Buildings for?
Warm, Dry and Hygienic Rooms
Reduce Heating & Cooling Energy
Save Money
Which are the Main Success Factors for a Thermal Insulation System?
Technical Performance
Costs
End Users‘ and Workers‘ Safety
Environmental Profile
Thermal Insulation ProductsThermal Insulation Products— It’s the System Performance that Counts …— It’s the System Performance that Counts …
HealthHealthandand
ComfortComfort
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 4
High-performing Insulation Sprays and Boards Rigid Polyurethane (PUR) Foams – Very Low Thermal Conductivity As Foaming and Insulation Agents, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, e.g. HCFC-
141b, were employed due to their Advantageous Properties. BUT — Montreal Protocol: HCFCs are phased out due to their Ozone
Depletion Potential (ODP).
The zero-ODP Hydrofluorocarbon HFC-365mfc is Developed to Replace HCFC-141b.
Excellent Insulation Performance Safe Handling, no Risks for End-users Significant Reduction of Heating/Cooling Costs BUT — HFC-365mfc possesses a High
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Foaming and Insulation AgentsFoaming and Insulation Agents— High-performance Products —— High-performance Products —
A previous LCA for Central Europe revealed a Competitive Environmental Profile of HFC-365mfc – but does this apply to the Iberian Peninsula as well?
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 5
The Iberian MarketThe Iberian Market— Success Factors of an LCA —— Success Factors of an LCA —
What we needed was a Focused Study Considering the Specific …
Climatic Conditions
Construction Habits
Heating/Cooling Technologies
… and thus allow us to Support Product Development and Market Positioning.
Among the Crucial Success Factors of an LCA is the Selection of Partners along the Entire Product Chain who know the Market, the Customers, and their Needs.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 6
Material Energy
Waste Emissions
Thermal Insulation & Climate Thermal Insulation & Climate ProtectionProtection— Why we need the Systems Approach —— Why we need the Systems Approach —
Thermal EnergyGeneration
CO2
Heating/Cooling
Only when taking the Generation and Use of Thermal Energy for Heating and Cooling into consideration can we assess the Performance of a Thermal Insulation System.
HFC
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 7
Energy, Mineral Resources, Water
Energy, Mineral Resources, Water
Scope of the LCA StudyScope of the LCA Study— Life Cycle of PU Thermal Insulation Foam —— Life Cycle of PU Thermal Insulation Foam —
GWP: global warming potential ODP: ozone depleting potential AP: acid rainNP: nutrification of water and soil POCP: summer smog
Emissions(GWP, ODP, AP, NP, POCP)
Emissions(GWP, ODP, AP, NP, POCP)
Waste Management
Components PU Foams Use Phase
Obviously, the Use Phase is an Important Consideration, since that is where we spend Energy for Decades!
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 8
Applications ofRigid PU FoamRigid PU Foam SpraysSpraysfor Domestic Dwellings
Applications of PU Insulation Applications of PU Insulation FoamFoam— Variants and Parameters for LCI Calculation —— Variants and Parameters for LCI Calculation —
Foaming/Insulation Agents HCFC-141b (Reference) Water/CO2 (non-HFC Variant) HFC-365mfc (New Product)
Parameters Spray Thickness:
30 mm HFC Production Losses:
5 % HFC Diffusion Losses:
1.2 %/a Service Life:
50 years Heating Degree Days:
Varied depending on Investigated Region.
Pitched Warm Roof
Cavity Wall
Roof and Wall Scenarios were specified according to Spanish Construction Examples. Climatic Conditions were in Accordance with the Applicable Spanish Ordinance on Thermal Insulation of Buildings.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 9
Climatic Zones in Spain and Climatic Zones in Spain and PortugalPortugal— According to Applicable Ordinances —— According to Applicable Ordinances —
Barcelona
Toledo
Madrid
Almeria
Lisboa
Avila
Major Cities were Selected Representing Climatic Zones and Important Markets.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 10
Energy Demand of a Pitched Warm Energy Demand of a Pitched Warm RoofRoof— Comparison of HCFC-141b, Water/CO— Comparison of HCFC-141b, Water/CO22, HFC-, HFC-365mfc —365mfc —
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
En
erg
y [
MJ
/ (m
2.5
0a)]
Production Madrid Avila
Almeria
Barcelona Toledo
Lisboa
(Cooling)Thermal Energy
(Heating)Thermal Energy
Wate
r/C
O2
HC
FC
-14
1b
HFC
-36
5m
fc
Due to better Insulation Properties of the resulting Foam, HFC-365mfc results in a lower Energy Demand compared to using Water/CO2 as a Blowing Agent. Results for AP and NP are similar.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 11
Global Warming for a Pitched Warm Global Warming for a Pitched Warm RoofRoof— Comparison of HCFC-141b, Water/CO— Comparison of HCFC-141b, Water/CO22, HFC-, HFC-365mfc —365mfc —
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
GW
P1
00
[kg
CO
2 e
q.
/ (m
2.5
0a)]
Avila
Production
Almeria
Barcelona
Toledo
Madrid
Lisboa
Thermal Energy(Heating)
Wate
r/C
O2
HC
FC
-14
1b
HFC
-36
5m
fc
Thermal Energy(Cooling)
Diffusion
HFC-365mfc has Advantages even regarding GWP, except in Regions with Low Demands on Thermal Insulation where the smaller Savings are compensated by Diffusion of the HFC Blowing Agent with its High Specific GWP.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 12
Sensitivity and Scenario AnalysesSensitivity and Scenario Analyses
To Confirm the Validity of the Results, we have varied:
Thermal Conductivity
Service Life
Diffusion Rate during Service Life
Thickness of Spray
Climatic Zones(Heating/Cooling Degree Days)
Heating Systems
Incineration and even Landfilling as Waste Management Scenarios do not significantly change the Results.
The Scenario and Sensitivity Analyses Confirm the Outcome: HFC-365mfc shows a Competitive Environmental Profile. It has Advantages wherever High-Performance Thermal Insulation is Required.
Product
AssessmentApproach
EnvironmentalImpact
1 kg HFC-365mfcin Thermal Insulation
Greenhouse Impact• ca. 150–750 kg CO2 Equivalents
(Blowing Agent Loss 15–85 %)
Only HFC Emissionsconsidered
1 kg HFC in PUR Thermal Insulation
Saves up to 1000 kg CO2 Equivalents
compared to non-HFC variant.
Net Greenhouse Gas Reduction• CO2 Reduction (»gross«)• Minus: HFC Emissions
gro
ss
net
Thermal Insulation for Domestic and Industrial Buildings
HFC-blown PUR Foams Reduce Energy Demand and thus CO2 Emissions– a Net Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions is achieved.
Identifying Sustainable SolutionsIdentifying Sustainable Solutions— LCA for Reliable Decisions —— LCA for Reliable Decisions —
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 14
Heating Degree Days HDDBase Temperature 18°C = 65°F
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Key West/Florida
Los Angeles/California
Almeria (Spain)
Las Vegas/Nevada
Barcelona (Spain)
Toledo (Spain)
Roswell/New Mexico
Madrid (Spain)
Washington/DC
Avila (Spain)
Columbus/Ohio
Germany (Average)
Chicago/Illinois
Portland/Maine
Fargo/North Dakota
Anchorage/Alaska
Mt. Washington/New Hampshire
Barrow/Alaska
Relevance of Climatic ZonesRelevance of Climatic Zones— Comparing— Comparing USA and Europe —USA and Europe —
Enviro
nmenta
l Benefit
The Basic Results apply to the US as well: in Colder Regions, Greater Benefits can be gained with High-performance Thermal Insulation.
InLCA-LCM 2002 e-Conference: [email protected] & [email protected] 15
ConclusionsConclusions … …— — … … and Lessons Learnt —and Lessons Learnt —
Reduction of Energy Demand approx. 15 % due to Lower
Thermal Conductivity of HFC-blown PUR Foams
Equals: Every 7th year You get Heating/Cooling for Free
MadridMadrid
GWP Reduction
11%11% 0%0%
Only when we know the Environmental Profile of the whole Product System – and take the Climatic Conditions of the Envisaged Market into account – can we Successfully Position a Thermal Insulation System.