SV: Nguyn Th Chn Nguyn Th Ngn Phan Th Kim Tho LP: NH31A GVHD: V VN TON

Ngun gc Cu to ha hc Ni dung trnh by: Cu trc phn t C ch tc dng Vai tr tc dng ng dng trong i sng

1. Ngun gcNgun gc ca insulin Insulin c ty tit ra lin tc 24 gi trong ngy. Mc sn xut cht ny cn tu theo nhu cu tng lc ca c th. S tng ng mu s kch thch ty sn xut insulin, nht l tng ng mu sau cc ba n. Da vo ngun gc, insulin c chia 2 loi. Loi c ngun gc ng vt c chit xut t ty ln, b; gi thnh r nhng hay gy d ng, hiu qu h ng huyt khng cao. Loi insulin ngi c sn xut bng cng ngh sinh hc cao cp, t gy d ng, hiu qu h ng huyt tt nhng gi thnh t.

Ngun gc ca glucagonTuyn ty gm nhng o Langerhans (gm t 1-2 triu o), l nhng t bo t thnh tng m, chim 1g t chc ty, thng gn mch mu, vo tnh mch Mi tiu o gm 4 loi t bo: - T bo alpha bi tit glucagon gy tng ng huyt (20%) - T bo beta bi tit insulin gy h ng huyt (60-75%) - T bo delta bi tit somatostatin iu ha bi tit insulin v glucagon (5%) -T bo PP bi tit mt hormon cha r chc nng c gi l polypeptid ty. - Glucagon do t bo alpha ca o Langerhans tit ra- Glucagon lm tng sc co bp ca c tim, nhp tim v cung lng tim, h huyt p, tng t nh isoprenalin (thuc c tc dng cng adrenergic).

2.CU TO Insulin L mt protein gm 51 aa to

thnh 2 chui polypeptid. Chui A gm 21 aa, chui B gm 30 aa ni nhau bng 2 cu ni S-S Glucagon l mt polypeptid mch thng,gm 29 acid amin, trng lng phn t 3.485 Dalton.

3.Cu trc ca phn t Cu trc ca phn t insulin

Cu trc phn t ca Glucagon

CU TRC KHNG GIAN CA INSULIN

4.C CH TC DNG C CH TC DNG CA INSULINThi gian bn hy 3-5 pht B ph hy ti ng tiu ha bi enzym proteinase ti d dy Hp thu tt bng ng tim. Mc ph thuc vo nng insulin, v tr tim, su ca mi tim, vn ng Insulin b chuyn ha ti gan, thn, c. Trong 50% ti gan o thi qua thn

TC DNG CA INSULINInsulin kch thch qu trnh: +Tng hp Glycogen ti gan,c,xng +Thu nhn Glucose c, xng, m m +Tng hp Triglyceride ti gan, m, m t ngun nguyn liu Glucose +Tng hp protein t ngun nguyn liu Glucose Insulin c ch qu trnh: +Phn hy Glycogen ti gan, c, xng +Tn to Glucose ti gan +Ging ha Protein, Lipid

c im ca Insulin tc dng rt nhanh ( Insulin Lispro, Aspart )+ L loi insulin tc dng nhanh nht. Bt u tc dng sau 15 pht + Gim Glucose mu sau n tt + Thi gian tc dng ngn v vy gim tc dng ph gy h ng huyt C ch tc dng ca Glucagon Glucagon tc dng theo c ch hocmon mng thng qua cht trung gian AMPv AMPv c xem nh l cht truyn tn hiu th 2 trong t bo.

Hormon Glucagon l cht truyn tn hiu th nht. Glucagon s t dng ln mng t bo v lm thay i cu trc

ca mng t bo, dn n thay i tnh thm ca mng t bo, t hnh thnh h thng tn hiu th 2 l AMP vng.

S din t c ch hot ng ca Glucagon

Theo c ch ny tc dng hoocmon n t bo ch c thc hin nh sau:

+Trong mng nguyn sinh ca t bo ch c cha th th caGlucagon, v th th ny s kt hp c hiu vi Glucagon. +S kt hp gia Glucagon v cht nhn lm tng hot ca enzim Adenylcyclaza, mt enzim gn trong mng nguyn sinh. + Adenylcyclaza xa tc cho phn ng chuyn ha ATP thnh AMPv, do khi hot ca n tng, lm tng lng AMPv. + AMPv s hot ha photphorylaza b (khng hot ng) thnh photphorylaza a (dng hot ng), di tc dng ca enzim. +T photphorylaza hot ng n s hot ha v chuyn Glycgen thnh Glucose 1P. +Ri t Glucose 1P n tip tc chuyn ha thnh Glucose 6P. +Di tc dng ca enzim Glucose 6 photphataz, Glucose 6P chuyn ha thnh Glucose v i vo mu.

Hnh 2:Insulin gn vi th th trn mng t bo v tun hon trong mu

Insulin thc y gan d tr glucoz dng glycogen. Glucoz b photphoryl ho nh enzym hexokinase nh glucoz b by vo trong t bo. Insulin c ch hot ng ca glucoz - 6 photphatase. Khi khng c mt insulin, qu trnh tng hp glycogen b dng li v cc enzym phn hu glycogen hot ng. Insulin ngn cn lng ng qu cao trong mu nn khng c c qu nhiu insulin, do enzym insulinase kim sot mc insulin. Khi lng insulin qu cao enzym insulinase s phn hu hoocmon ny vi thi gian 6 pht. Qu trnh ny m bo cho hm lng insulin c n nh trong mu v lng glucoz khng b gim xung mc nguy him.

Hnh: insulin iu ho glucoz trong mu

5.2 Insulin v trao i lipit a- Insulin thc y sinh tng hp cc axit bo trong gan. +Khi lng glycogen trong gan qu cao (> 5% lng th ca gan) th qu trnh tng hp b c ch. +Lng glucoz hp th vo t bo gan chuyn sang tng hp axit bo v chuyn khi gan dng lipoprotein. +Cc lipoprotein i vo vng tun hon, cung cp cc axit bo t do cho cc m khc nh m m tng hp triglyxerit.

b- Insulin c ch phn hu cht bo trong m m: bng cch c ch qu trnh thu phn triglyxerit thnh glixerol v axit bo t do. Enzym nhy cm vi hoocmon ny tr nn hot ng c khi photphoryl ho. Insulin lm ngn cn s kt hp vi th th trn mng t bo. Do lm tng s tch t triglyxerit trong t bo cc m m.

5.3. Nhng tc ng khc ca insulin

- Insulin lm tng tnh hp th ca cc axitamin. - Insulin lm tng tnh thm cc ion kali, magie v photphat v c to iu kin cho qu trnh photphoryl ho v s dng glucoz.

Hnh: Insulin lm tng tnh thm cc ion kali, magie v photphat v c

5.3. Tng hp insulin trong c th Insulin c tng hp trong t bo ca tuyn ty. Insulin c to ra t mt phn ca mt protein ln hn m bo s gp np ng. mARN dch m protein preproinsulin. Preproinsulin gm mt trnh t u aa tin cht ny i qua li ni cht tham gia vo qu trnh sau dch m. Ti qu trnh sau dch m preproinsulin b thu phn to thnh dng proinsulin. Sau khi hnh thnh 3 cu isulfua mt s peptitdaza ct proinsulin thnh insulin hon chnh v hot ng. Insulin c ng gi v cha trong cc ht tit tch t trong t bo cht n khi c kch hot gii phng.

Hnh : Tng hp insulin trong c th

Cc bc ci bin sau dch m ca phn t insulin

Vai tr tc dng ca GlucagonGlucagon: glucagon c ch tit bi cc tiu o Langerhans p ng vi tnh trng nng ng trong mu thp. lm tng nng ny ln (v tng nng lng ca c th), glucagon i n gan. Gan c rt nhiu vai tr trong c th. Mt trong nhng vai tr l d tr lng ng d tha m cc t bo ca c th khng cn dng to ra nng lng ngay lc . c th d tr c lng ng , gan chuyn n thnh glycogen (mt dng tinh bt ca ng glucose c to thnh t hng nghn n v glucose). Glucagon kch thch gan chuyn glycogen ngc tr li thnh glucose v chuyn n vo mu cc t bo s dng to ra nng lng. Khi nng glucose tng ln n mc bnh thng, cc tiu o Langerhans ngng ch tit glucagon.

Tc dng chnh ca glucagon l: - Chuyn ha glucid bng cch chuyn ngc glycogen d tr thnh ng glucose trong mu, ngha l lm tng ng huyt, c ch ny thng qua vic hot ha enzym phosphorylase. - i vi protein, n tng cng d ha, qua lm tng ure huyt. Trong h ni tit, glucagon kch thch phn ty tuyn trn thn lm tng tit adrenalin, kch thch chnh o tu tng tit insulin, nhm lun duy tr c s cn bng ng huyt. - Glucagon cng km hm qu trnh sinh tng hp axit bo bng cch lm gim s to thnh axit piruvic v gim hot ca axetil- CoA- cacboxilaz. Hn na, glucagon cng lm tng lng AMPv trong t bo m m, kch thch qu trnh phn gii triacilglicerol - Hm lng glucagon trong mu bnh thng l 0,3 microgam/lt. Hm lng tng khi i v gim khi no hoc n nhiu ng

Tc dng chnh ca Glucagon

6.ng dng trong i sng S dng insulin trong iu tr tiu ngInsulin l mt hormn c tc dng lm gim ng mu do t bo

beta ty tit ra. N l mt protein, nu ung vo s b phn hy nn phi dng theo ng tim. Cc loi insulin ung v xt qua ng h hp vn cn trong giai on th nghim. Tt c cc loi insulin u c dng iu tr cho mi th i tho ng. Bnh nhn i tho ng type 1 bt buc s dng insulin iu tr. Bnh nhn i tho ng type 2 cn c iu tr bng insulin trong trng hp: cp cu (tin hn m, hn m do i tho ng), st cn nhiu, suy dinh dng, c bnh nhim khun km theo, chun b v trong khi phu thut, c bin chng nng do i tho ng (bnh l vng mc, suy gan, suy thn nng, nhi mu c tim, bnh l tim mch nng); dng thuc ung vi liu ti a khng c tc dng; bnh nhn l ph n c thai

ng dng ca Glucagon trong i sng- Glucagon c th c thc hin bng cch s dng cc vi khun Escherichia coli c bin i gen. Tim glucagon l con ng quan trng trong trng hp h ng huyt nghim trng, khi m nn nhn bt tnh hoc v l do khc khng th c ng ming. Cc triu chng ca h ng huyt bao gm cng thng, da lnh, nhc u, co git, hoc hn m,... V trong nhng trng hp ny, iu quan trng l tng lng glucose trong mu. Liu cho ngi ln thng l mt milligram, v thng tim vo bp tay. Glucagon cng c th c tim vo ng tnh mch.