1

ADSL

coax

Gigab

itEt

hern

et

Fibe

r

wire

less

VDSL

SDSL

Optical

Networ

k

Integrated Access SolutionsIntegrated Access Solutions- Digital Darkhorses -- Digital Darkhorses -

Jang-Rai RohJang-Rai RohProduct PlanningProduct Planning

www.tellion.comwww.tellion.com

2

DefinitionDefinition

Convergence with voice (, video) Convergence with voice (, video) and data on a common transport and data on a common transport from the users’ premises to service from the users’ premises to service providers providers

Higher performancew/lower cost

Lower costw/higher performance

Access Loop

Last mileAccess barriers

First mileAccess barriers

CO/POP

Core Network

POP

Access Networks

3

I Will Talk About…I Will Talk About… A variety of protocols and media…A variety of protocols and media…

To reduce the technology risk of the transition To reduce the technology risk of the transition from a circuit-oriented to an emerging data from a circuit-oriented to an emerging data centriccentric

Trends/Opportunities in Access Trends/Opportunities in Access NetworksNetworks Technical issuesTechnical issues Technical and market trendsTechnical and market trends

Market Migration toward Integrated Market Migration toward Integrated Access NetworksAccess Networks To support integration of IP, ATM and lambda in To support integration of IP, ATM and lambda in

economic mannereconomic manner

4

Issues of Integrated AccessIssues of Integrated Access Mismatch of access networks with current Mismatch of access networks with current

requirementsrequirements Lack of bandwidthLack of bandwidth Lack of installation, use and maintenanceLack of installation, use and maintenance

Cost competition of the access networksCost competition of the access networks To secure economic feasibilityTo secure economic feasibility

Performance/architectural competition of Performance/architectural competition of the access networksthe access networks To make optimal for differentiated servicesTo make optimal for differentiated services To change into more economic architectures, interfaces, To change into more economic architectures, interfaces,

protocols for IP-centric access networksprotocols for IP-centric access networks But, too many candidates being available…But, too many candidates being available…

5

Integrated Access Integrated Access AlternativesAlternatives

Existing copperExisting copper DSLDSL ATM or packet modeATM or packet mode

Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) RF shared, FTTxRF shared, FTTx

FTTxFTTx FTTH/FTTC/FTTB/FTTO/FTTDFTTH/FTTC/FTTB/FTTO/FTTD TDM, ATM or IP/EthernetTDM, ATM or IP/Ethernet

WirelessWireless Fixed or mobileFixed or mobile PTP or PTMPPTP or PTMP Hybrid wire & wirelessHybrid wire & wireless

6

xDSLxDSL

7

xDSL TechnologiesxDSL Technologies

ADSLADSL VDSLVDSL SDSL/SHDSLSDSL/SHDSL OthersOthers

8

Issues in xDSLIssues in xDSL

CPE auto-configuration, retail CPE auto-configuration, retail availabilityavailability

Automatic loop qualificationAutomatic loop qualification End-to-End flow through provisioingEnd-to-End flow through provisioing InteroperabilityInteroperability Voice over DSLVoice over DSL

Short-term migrationShort-term migration Long-term migrationLong-term migration

9

OpenDSLOpenDSL Open, plug-and-play architecture for the Open, plug-and-play architecture for the

automated configuration of DSL CPEautomated configuration of DSL CPE Proxy element function architectureProxy element function architecture OpenDSL CPE architectureOpenDSL CPE architecture

IDSLCPE

ADSL/SDSLCPE

CommandResponder

ModificationOriginator

ProxyForwarder MMI

AAL5 UDP

Local Data Share

DSLCPEEMS

Instrumentation

Default Context MMI Context

Transports

SNMP Engine

SNMPApplications

MIB

Proxy Element FunctionProxy Element Function

CommandResponder

ModificationOriginator

MMI

Configuration

Instrumentation

Modem Context MMI Context

Transports

SNMP Engine

SNMPApplications

MIB

DSL CPEDSL CPE

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VoDSL : Today & VoDSL : Today & TomorrowTomorrow

Short-term architectureShort-term architecture Broadband loop emulation service using AAL2Broadband loop emulation service using AAL2 ArchitectureArchitecture

AAL2 enabled CPEAAL2 enabled CPE DSLAM providing ATM cell multiplexingDSLAM providing ATM cell multiplexing VoDSL gatewayVoDSL gateway

Long-term architectureLong-term architecture Converging data and voice over IPConverging data and voice over IP Architecture Architecture

VoDSL gateway would be integrated into the DSLAMVoDSL gateway would be integrated into the DSLAM New signaling and control switching used by Media Gateway New signaling and control switching used by Media Gateway

Control Protocol and MEGACOP/H.248Control Protocol and MEGACOP/H.248

11

Issues in xDSLIssues in xDSL

ADSL IssuesADSL Issues Self-configurationSelf-configuration Installation and maintenanceInstallation and maintenance Performance issuesPerformance issues

Warm/fast restart, Quiescent modeWarm/fast restart, Quiescent mode Dynamic rate adaptation, Out of service testingDynamic rate adaptation, Out of service testing Revised/expanded bit swapping, Clip scalingRevised/expanded bit swapping, Clip scaling RFI ingress/egress, Concatenated convolutional codeRFI ingress/egress, Concatenated convolutional code

VDSL issuesVDSL issues Line codes, Spectral compatibilityLine codes, Spectral compatibility Backward interoperability with ADSLBackward interoperability with ADSL PositioningPositioning

12

xDSL StandardizationxDSL Standardization

ADSL-ForumADSL-Forum FSANFSAN ITU-TITU-T ANSIANSI ETSIETSI VDSL Coalition VDSL Coalition VDSL AllianceVDSL Alliance OpenDSLOpenDSL

13

Convergence IssuesConvergence Issues

VoDSLVoDSL DSL VoB(Voice over Broadband) and VoIPDSL VoB(Voice over Broadband) and VoIP BLES architectureBLES architecture AAL2 for voice packetizing fine for today, not for AAL2 for voice packetizing fine for today, not for

tomorrowtomorrow Smart & intelligent DSLAMSmart & intelligent DSLAM

Embedded access serverEmbedded access server Optical networkingOptical networking

Optical UNIOptical UNI MPLS based signaling & controlMPLS based signaling & control

Converging connection-based forwarding techniques & IP Converging connection-based forwarding techniques & IP routing protocolsrouting protocols

14

HFCHFC

15

Cable NetworksCable Networks

InfrastructureInfrastructure CATV, HFC, FTTC, SDVCATV, HFC, FTTC, SDV

TransportTransport QAM, FEC, MPEG-2, QPSK, IngressQAM, FEC, MPEG-2, QPSK, Ingress

Set Top BoxSet Top Box Analog, DigitalAnalog, Digital

Cable ModemsCable Modems Telephony, Return ChannelTelephony, Return Channel

Standards & ProjectsStandards & Projects DOCSISDOCSISTMTM, OpenCable, OpenCableTMTM, PacketCable, PacketCableTMTM, ICNA, ICNA CableHome Spec. released in 00Q1CableHome Spec. released in 00Q1

16

Issues in the Cable Issues in the Cable NetworksNetworks

QoS: One HFC Network, Multiple QoS: One HFC Network, Multiple Revenue StreamsRevenue Streams Converging voice, data and video; VoBConverging voice, data and video; VoB

Subscriber management and Billing Subscriber management and Billing Requirements for Advanced Cable Requirements for Advanced Cable ServicesServices Contents delivery and intelligent provisioningContents delivery and intelligent provisioning

Advanced Transport Architectures: Advanced Transport Architectures: Sustaining the Broadband Sustaining the Broadband Performance Edge and AccessPerformance Edge and Access Fiber-rich and WDM architectureFiber-rich and WDM architecture

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Cable Transport NetworksCable Transport Networks Multi-service access for multiple revenue Multi-service access for multiple revenue

streamsstreams

• MPLS is: - An extention of IP - A media independent replacement for ATM signaling - A new control plane for non-packet capable devices

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Cable Transport NetworkCable Transport Network

Opportunities beyond best-effort data servicesOpportunities beyond best-effort data services

Point of ConvergencePoint of Convergence

TDMTDMATMATMPOSPOSMPLSMPLS

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Advanced Transport Advanced Transport ArchitecturesArchitectures

Forward path designsForward path designs 1310nm/1550nm distributed feed1310nm/1550nm distributed feed 13010nm/1550nm ring13010nm/1550nm ring 1550nm with EDFA Amp1550nm with EDFA Amp 1310nm/1550 nm with 1310nm repeat1310nm/1550 nm with 1310nm repeat Broadcast with CWDMBroadcast with CWDM

Return path designsReturn path designs TDM return path transmitter to return path receiver TDM return path transmitter to return path receiver

repeatrepeat TDM utilizing DWDMTDM utilizing DWDM

20

Cable StandardizationCable Standardization

CableLabsCableLabs ANSI/SCTEANSI/SCTE

21

OpenCableOpenCableTMTM

InternetContent

VideoContent

OtherContent

ConditionalAccessSystem

Headend

OtherHeadend

PODModule(s)

OpenCableOpenCableDeviceDevice

CompatibleDevices

OtherDevices

Cable Network

Point Of Deployment

NTSC RFBaseband Audio/VideoIEEE 1394

DOCSIS

QAM64/256QPSK

860MHz

Dolby AC-3

Analog, MPEG-2

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PacketCablePacketCableTMTM

PacketCable 1.0/1.2 ArchitecturePacketCable 1.0/1.2 Architecture

MANAGED IPInterProvider

NETWORK

CMTS

CMTS

MTA

MTA

CMSBorderProxy

HFC

HFC

MSOBackbone

PacketCable Zone

CMTS

CMTS

MTA

MTA

CMSBorderProxy

HFC

HFC

MSOBackbone

PacketCable Zone

CMTS

CMTS

MTA

MTA

CMSBorderProxy

HFC

HFC

MSOBackbone

PacketCable Zone

PacketCable DomainPacketCable Domain

PacketCable DomainPacketCable Domain

(DOCSIS)

BorderGateway

BorderGateway

BorderGateway

PSTN MeidiaGateway

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HFC AllianceHFC Alliance Management and Control Interoperability AllianceManagement and Control Interoperability Alliance

To specify a robust protocol suite to support cost effective interoperability of To specify a robust protocol suite to support cost effective interoperability of management systems for evolving HFC networksmanagement systems for evolving HFC networks

SCTE Engineering subcommitteesSCTE Engineering subcommittees DSS: Data StandardsDSS: Data Standards CAP: Cable Applications PlatformCAP: Cable Applications Platform DVS: Digital VideoDVS: Digital Video HMS: Hybrid ManagementHMS: Hybrid Management IPS: Interface Practices and In-Home CablingIPS: Interface Practices and In-Home Cabling EAS: Emergency Alert SystemEAS: Emergency Alert System NES: National Electrical SafetyNES: National Electrical Safety CMS: Construction and MaintenanceCMS: Construction and Maintenance MMS: Material and ManagementMMS: Material and Management

24

EthernetEthernet

25

Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues Ethernet in the Last Mile Ethernet in the Last Mile

Extends the reach of EthernetExtends the reach of Ethernet Local loop up to 1Km or 1.5KmLocal loop up to 1Km or 1.5Km Shared media to star-wired topology w/full duplex linksShared media to star-wired topology w/full duplex links Picture of end-to-end EthernetPicture of end-to-end Ethernet

Reduces costReduces cost Eliminating protocol conversionsEliminating protocol conversions High volume of Ethernet componentsHigh volume of Ethernet components Broad knowledge base and labour poolBroad knowledge base and labour pool

CategoriesCategories IP/ATM/SONETIP/ATM/SONET IP/IP/SONETSONET

IP/IP/EthernetEthernet

ElectronicElectronicss

$8$8K-$40KK-$40K $6$6K-K-$35K$35K

$2$2K-$6KK-$6K

LaborLabor $5$5KK $5$5KK $2$2KKCost metrics for IP over various protocolsSource: Nortel Networks, Aug. 2000

(unit: per Mbps)

26

Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues Ethernet To The SubscribersEthernet To The Subscribers

Converging data, voice and video(up to HDTV resolutions) over IPConverging data, voice and video(up to HDTV resolutions) over IP End to end Ethernet End to end Ethernet

Edge/Access GatewayMetro Core(Ultra)Long-haul Core

L3 SW

GbEGbE

L3 SW L3 SW

GbE

We want …We want …unified LAN/WAN PMDsunified LAN/WAN PMDs

WAN PHY

MAC

Universal PMD Interface

LAN PHY

SerialPMD

CWDMPMD

OtherPMD

XGMII

PremisesEthernet(10/100BASE)

27

Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues

GigE/10GigE or SONET/SDH ?GigE/10GigE or SONET/SDH ? Infrastructure issuesInfrastructure issues

A seamless extension of the LAN into the WANA seamless extension of the LAN into the WAN Cost issuesCost issues

Cost per port and labor cost saving due to the native Cost per port and labor cost saving due to the native protocol of data services for the internetprotocol of data services for the internet

Revenue issuesRevenue issues Competitive price vs performanceCompetitive price vs performance

Management issuesManagement issues Shorter time to provisionShorter time to provision

Topology issuesTopology issues Ring, Bus, MeshRing, Bus, Mesh PONPON

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Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues

Ethernet WAN standardEthernet WAN standard Inband management like SONET/SDHInband management like SONET/SDH Remote loopback like DSU/CSURemote loopback like DSU/CSU Built in BER management objectsBuilt in BER management objects Restoration and protectionRestoration and protection Topology agnosticTopology agnostic SP administered VLAN tagsSP administered VLAN tags Granular bandwidth for subrate provisioningGranular bandwidth for subrate provisioning Traffic management and classificationTraffic management and classification Discard eligible for over subscriptionDiscard eligible for over subscription Full duplex onlyFull duplex only SONET/SDH friendlySONET/SDH friendly

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CustomerPremisesEquipments

Access Loop

First mileAccess barriers

Last mileAccess barriers

CO/POP

Core Network

POP

Access Networks

Ethernet End Point Ethernet End Point FunctionsFunctions CO/POPCO/POP

WAN connectivity to backbone, Traffic concentration Offloads, Management interface for access loop

CPECPE Manageable edge access, Demarcation point Traffic grooming and service Provisioning

Demarcationpoint

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10 10 Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetUpper Layers

MAC Control(optional)

Media Access Control(MAC)

Reconciliation

Physical Coding Sublayer(PCS)

Physical Medium Attachment(PMA)

Physical Medium Dependent(PMD)

Physical Coding Sublayer(PCS)

Physical Medium Attachment(PMA)

Physical Medium Dependent(PMD)

Medium Medium

LAN PHY

WAN PHY

• 10GBASE-LX • 10GBASE-R(SR, LR, ER)• 10GBASE-W(SW, LW, EW)

• Medium Type - Short Wavelength(850nm) - Long Wavelength(1310nm) - Extra Long Wavelength(1550nm)

• Coding Scheme - X : LAN(8B/10B) - R : LAN/WAN(64B/66B) - W : WAN(SONET Encapsulated)

• 802.3 MAC• Packet Length Indication

•PCS(8B/10B or SLP)

• Frame Encapsulation• Scrambler• SONET-style Framing• SerDes

• Optics• Clock recovery

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Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applications Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Home

Very Sparse Mode architecture

www.canet3.net

Wireless internet- MMDS- LMDS

32

Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applications Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Home

Sparse Mode architecture

www.canet3.net

33

Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applications Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Home

GITH Dense Mode architecture

www.canet3.net

Hybrid WDM/TDMAPacket-aware PON

Pedestal router

34

GbE/10GbE StandardizationGbE/10GbE Standardization IEEE802IEEE802

IEEE P802.3ae RPR SG; Resilient packet ring

IETFIETF IPoPTR; IP over packet transport rings

T1X1.5 Optical Hierarchical InterfacesT1X1.5 Optical Hierarchical Interfaces T1X1.5/99-038 IEEE802.3 MAC frames to SONET payload Generic format…carrying Ethernet MAC frames over

SONET OIFOIF

OIF99.138 Generic format…carrying Ethernet MAC frames over SONET(T1X1.5/99-268 )

35

Optical Access: FTTxOptical Access: FTTx

36

Optical Access Optical Access TechnologiesTechnologies

Small Business and ResidentialSmall Business and Residential Ethernet/HPNA/xDSL-based access Last mile issues

Mid-size BusinessMid-size Business Ethernet/xDSL-based access Last mile & first mile issues

Enterprises and Large BusinessEnterprises and Large Business 10/100/Gigabit/10G Ethernet-based access First mile issues: metro access based on

Ethernet native LAN interfaces

37

Issues in Optical AccessIssues in Optical Access

Subscriber LoopSubscriber Loop PON(TDM, WDM, Packet) Multi-service access Access Concentrator + Router (L2/L3)

Metro AccessMetro Access Optical networking(SDH, WDM) Optical edge IP/SDH, IP/WDM, IP/GbE MPLS enabler

38

FSAN/ITU-T SolutionFSAN/ITU-T Solution

ATM-PON/TDMAATM-PON/TDMA DWDM-PONDWDM-PON

1550nmDFB Laser

1310nmBurstmodeReceiver

1xNPassiveOpticalPowerSplitter

Receiver

Laser

1310nm Upstream

1550nm Downstream

Receiver

Laser

15xxnm

1310nm...

OLT ONT

Multi-WLLaser(s)

DWDMReceiver

Array

1xN AWG

Receiver

Laser

Upstream

Downstream

Receiver

Laser

1

17...

OLT ONT

TDMA PON

DWDM PON16

32

1,2,…, 16

17,18,…, 32

The layer architecture in PON

OLTODNONT

Trail* in PON physical layer

VP VC

Tc trail or (T-CONT)

39

Ethernet PONEthernet PON Optical IP/Ethernet for FTTH, FTTC and FTTB networksOptical IP/Ethernet for FTTH, FTTC and FTTB networks Upstream multiple access protocol can be extended 10GbEUpstream multiple access protocol can be extended 10GbE Last mile MAC: TDMA or Other(CSMA/CD?)Last mile MAC: TDMA or Other(CSMA/CD?) IP efficiency is good!IP efficiency is good!

OLT

1

2

3

4

N

...

CO/POP

passivesplitter

OpticalNetworkUnit

1 2 3 4 N …

UpstreamMultipleAccess Protocol

Routing,Swithcing,Firewall, etc.

F(encryption, management, signaling control, etc.)

40

PONs : Today & TomorrowPONs : Today & Tomorrow

OLT ONT-B

ONT-A

ONT-C

2

1

3

2

1

3

2 31

CO/POP

OLT ONT-B

ONT-A

ONT-C

B

A

C

B

A

C

B CA

CO/POP

OLT ONT-B

ONT-A

ONT-C

P2

P1

P3

P2

P1

P3

P2P3P1

CO/POP

TDMA-basedATN-PON

CSMA/CD-basedPacket-PON

WDMA-basedWDM-PON

• Line rate: 155Mbps• BW mgt : static-> DBA• WL : CWDM• QoS : ATM• Split : 32• Distance : 20Km• APS : Unprotected

• Line rate: Gigabit• BW mgt : dynamic• WL : CWDM/DWDM• QoS : ATM & IP• Split : > 64• Distance : > 20Km• APS : Protected/Unprotected

• Line rate: nxGigabit• BW mgt : dynamic• WL : DWDM• QoS : ATM & IP• Split : > 64• Distance : > 20Km• APS : Protected/Unprotected

41

Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs

Connection-oriented + ConnectionlessConnection-oriented + Connectionless IP/ATM, IP/PPP/HDLC/SDH, IP/SDL/SDH, IP/WDM

Service convergenceService convergence TDM + ATM + IP Voice migration

Edge to EdgeEdge to Edge MPLS, Optical networking

Adaptation & Encapsulation

IP Edge

Multi-service Access

Optical Access

Optical Edge

42

Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs

Case Study: NGI ONRAMP; Case Study: NGI ONRAMP; A Testbed in Boston areaA Testbed in Boston area

Access node architectureAccess node architecture “Big fat router”

huge router terminating WDM Router + O-ADM (SRSO)

smaller router with opticalswitching

Lightpaths carry IP trafficLightpaths carry IP traffic access node to gateway

without intermediate routers

OpticalLAN

OpticalLAN

Access node

Backbonenetwork

Distributionnetworks

Feedernetwork

Gateway node

Optical ADM

IP Router

WDM IP Router WDM

43

Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs

Opto-ElectronicsOpto-Electronics Short-Haul MultichannelShort-Haul Multichannel Optical Channel ManagementOptical Channel Management Digital Wrapper Digital Wrapper DPRINGs vs. SPRINGsDPRINGs vs. SPRINGs ASONASON MPL(Label and Lambda)SMPL(Label and Lambda)S

44

StandardizationStandardization

ITU-TITU-T IETFIETF ODSIODSI OIFOIF FSANFSAN IEEEIEEE

45

WirelessWireless

46

Wireless TechnologiesWireless Technologies Fixed wireless accessFixed wireless access

MMDSMMDS Operation in 2.1 to 2.7 GHz RF Data rates up to 10Mbps Up to 35-mile range Non LOS requirements

LMDSLMDS Operation in 24 GHz, 28GHz, 31GHz, 38GHz and 40GHz RF Data rates up to 155Mbps with 2-mile ranges LOS operation

Multiple access technologies & duplex Multiple access technologies & duplex methodsmethods TDMA/FDD, FDMA/TDD, TDMA/TDD OFDM, VOFDM CDMA/FDD

47

Issues in Wireless AccessIssues in Wireless Access

Converging data, voice and videoConverging data, voice and video Data over open air interfaceData over open air interface QoS control & LOSQoS control & LOS

Upstream operation Robust burst-mode demodulation in severe time-

varying and/or delay spread environments Higher spectral efficiency

Downstream operation High delay spread and time varying environments Dual antenna capability at lower complexity for

interference cancellation

48

StandardizationStandardization

OFDM ForumOFDM Forum 11GHz11GHz Fixed Wireless Access, Road Wireless Access, Wireless LANFixed Wireless Access, Road Wireless Access, Wireless LAN Resolving shortage of CDMAResolving shortage of CDMA

Short-link distance, CoS, Antenna limitationsShort-link distance, CoS, Antenna limitations Wireless DSL ConsortiumWireless DSL Consortium

2~4GHz BWA (PTMPT)2~4GHz BWA (PTMPT) DOCSIS-based MAC, TDMA/FDDDOCSIS-based MAC, TDMA/FDD

BWIF (Broadband Wireless Internet Forum)BWIF (Broadband Wireless Internet Forum) Vector OFDMVector OFDM

Pros : Burst-mode demodulation, Higher spectral efficiencyPros : Burst-mode demodulation, Higher spectral efficiency Cons :Power amplifier back-off, Phase noiseCons :Power amplifier back-off, Phase noise

DOCSIS-based MACDOCSIS-based MAC

49

Wrap-upWrap-up

50

ConclusionConclusion

It’s time to bring broadband home and wire-It’s time to bring broadband home and wire-speed first mile…speed first mile…

Bandwidth is no longer a scarce resource, Bandwidth is no longer a scarce resource, just in a view of access technolgyjust in a view of access technolgy Problem solving approach for enforcing QoS to customers

can be changed ‘‘IP-centric provisioning on the optical access IP-centric provisioning on the optical access

networks’ is an emerging success factor…networks’ is an emerging success factor… ATM’s lack of acceptance among the new generation

service providers Standard QoS mechanism for IP will soon emerge…?