INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT MASTERPLAN FOR THE CITY OF NAIROBI (NIUPLAN),

2014-2030

STAKEHOLDER MEETINGSNAIROBI CITY COUNTY

January - February 2014

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• Background• Urban Planning• Population• Urban Transport• Infrastructure

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Study area• Size: 695 KM2

• Population – Approximately 3 million

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Objective of Master Plan

• To develop concepts for implementation of urban development projects for sustainable urban development and improvement of living conditions based on integrated urban development plan for Nairobi city.

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• An Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for 16 years i.e. 2014-2030,

• An implementation and management program,

• Selected priority areas and priority projects,

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5

Methodology

• The plan preparation process has been consultative to ensure that the participation of all stakeholders. This has been be through:

Technical working groups meetings Consultative WorkshopsMediaWebsite Individual Visits/submissions

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7

YearMonth 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

Study contents

Sub-contracts

SEA

SEA (PreliminaryStakeholder

Meeting

SEA (StakeholderMeetings)

Reporting

2012 2013 2014

▲IT/R

▲PR/R

▲DFR

▲IC/R

▲FR

Traffic Survey

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA）

STEP 1i) Analysis of Current Conditionsii) Comparison with Previous Studyiii) Formulation of Socio-economic

STEP 3i) Formulation of Mid and Long Team Action Planii) Formulation of Land Use Planiii) Formulation BasicConcept of Social

STEP 2i) Formulation of Development Visions and Structure Planii) Review of Sector Development Plansiii) Formulation of Sector Demand Forecast

PPP Brief

Scoping Study

Detailed SEA Study

1 2 3

Thematic Working Groups

6 TWGs were formed through consultations. They are:• Land use and Human Settlements• Population and Urban Economy• Governance and Institutional Arrangements (capacity

development)• Environment• Urban Infrastructure (Solid Waste management ;

Storm Water and Sewerage; Telecommunication; Power Supply)

• Urban Transport ( Road, Rail, Air)

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Why Master Plan

• Urban development of the Nairobi has not had a broad guiding spatial framework. The Nairobi Metropolitan Growth Strategy prepared in 1973 had a planning timeframe of up to the year 2000.

• The Nairobi Metropolitan Growth Strategy was not fully implemented. Many government departments and agencies developed sector plans to address their individual issues. Some include:

Master Plan Study for Urban Transport in Nairobi (2005),Nairobi Metro 2030 Strategy (2008),Nairobi Mass Rapid Transit Study (2011), Water Supply and Sewerage Plan (1998, 2012)

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Major Urban Challenges

• Uncontrolled urban development• Insufficient infrastructure• Poor living conditions• Inadequate social facilities• Transport problems• Inadequate coordination between relevant

organizations, etc.• Influx of population, High demand for Mid-low

income housings,

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Urban Economy• Development Direction for Nairobi 2030

Industry is identified as main engine for economic development and Generating of sustainable employment

• Priority sectors1. Construction-related development businesses (construction, consulting,

planning, design, infrastructure provision and operation, low cost housing, etc.)

2. Social development businesses (education, health, etc.)3. Professional, scientific and technical businesses4. Tourism businesses5. Wholesale and retail trade6. ICT businesses 7. Financial businesses8. Transportation and logistics businesses

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　 Population frame （ 2030 ）

Nairobi Metropolitan Development Scenario.• In this scenario, the population forecast for 2030

of “Spatial Planning Concept for Nairobi Metropolitan Region”.

• The City population is projected to be 5,212,500 by the year 2030 at a 4.3% growth rate annually.

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Before 1973 M/PCity Structure before 1973 M/P is

① CBD – former depot for railway② Western highland for the Westerners

③ Northern area for Indian workers④ Eastern area for Kenyan workers⑤ Farm land in the north and west

CITY STRUCTURE

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After 1973 M/P

・ 1973 M/P forecast for 2000 city wide urbanization・ In addition, urbanization beyond city border towards Thika and to the northwest.

CITY STRUCTURE

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POPULATION

・ High growth areas in the east, south and west

・ Also along Thika Highway Population Growth15

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Population Density・ High-low mix in the city・ High density in the east and northeast

Hectar

POPULATION DENSITY

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High DensityHigh DensityLow DensityLow Density

Medium DensityMedium Density

Population Density(Nairobi City)

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POPULATION DENSITY

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■ West: low density residential area 　・ Detached single houses change to apartments,offices

■ East: middle/high density residential area 　・ Urbanization is expanding to east・ Development guideline does not match development needs

■ Agricultural area in suburb・ Shifting to residential use. Not enough infrastructure (sprawl)

■ Slum 　・ Expanding to east along rivers and to row of road and railway

DEVELOPMENT TREND

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5 p/ha 5 p/ha Karen, MuthaigaKaren, Muthaiga 20 p/ha 20 p/ha LavintonLavinton 30 p/ha 30 p/ha KilimaniKilimani

70 p/ha Highridge70 p/ha Highridge 100 p/ha Kangemi100 p/ha Kangemi 300 p/ha Kwangware300 p/ha Kwangware

500 p/ha Eastleagh500 p/ha Eastleagh 700 p/ha Kibera700 p/ha Kibera 1,200 p/ha Mathare1,200 p/ha Mathare

Urban condition Urban condition Population density & development pattern

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・ Individual houses to apartments

20032012

Kilimani

Argwing Khodhek Rd.

Urban condition - CHANGE IN LAND USE

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Kasarani ・ Dandora area2003 2012

Thika Rd.

Oute

r Rin

g Rd

.Urban conditionUrban condition Land use change

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Urban Planning

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• Development Vision and Structure Plan• Central Business District (CBD)

Development

Development vision

■Kenya Vision 2030・ A globally competitive an

prosperous nation with a high quality of life by 2030

■Nairobi Metropolitan 2030 Vision・ To be a world class African

metropolis, supportive of the overall national agenda articulated in Kenya Vision 2030

(e.g.)A world class working environment, A world class living environment, A world class business environment, World class metropolitan governance

Metropolitan Area

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Development Vision for Nairobi Ideas

Discussion on Vision of Nairobi by NCC・ Key Words ：

World class, Attractive, Sustainable, Competitive, Liveable・ City’s Future Image ：

Balance of nature and humanity to achieve a world class cityCity of champions (long distance athletes)-world class stadiums

and sports facilitiesSAFARI city through addressing related facilities.City in the Sun-City of Jua Kali (informal sector) where residents

work under the sun・ Pillars in the Vision ：

Economic, Political, Governance, Socio-cultural, Environment

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Development Vision for Nairobi in 2030　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Economy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Environment

　　　　　　　 Governance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Social Culture

Globally-attractive: Vast green spaces, good air quality, efficient land use, and well-planned urban structure.Regional Integration:Convenient urban transport, balanced and coordinated urban growth (such as development of green belts) and sustainable resource management.Sustainability: Enhanced green space conservation, effective solid waste management, and sustainable resource usage.

Globally-attractive: Balanced economic growth (geographical and sectoral), and equal economic opportunities through well-planned mixed land use and urban structure.Regional Integration: Strong linkages between commercial centres with efficient transport system, linkages between land uses, and economic linkages with neighbouring regions.Sustainability: Sufficient job opportunities, creating a balance between the economy and the environment.

Globally-attractive: Secured social services, sound urban management (sub-centre, land use and economy), and safe travel and tourism.Regional Integration:Preservation of heritage and historical assets.Sustainability: Social services, tourism, sub-centre development, and cultural identity preservation and promotion.

Globally-attractive: Effective participatory management, open to stakeholders, and accountable and transparent urban management.Regional Integration: Efficient service provision by NCC and coordination with neighbouring counties (infrastructure, resources).Sustainability: Proper urban management, urban management policy, and city management structure.

Typical Models of City Structure

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CBDCBD

CBDCBDCBDCBDCBDCBD

CBDCBD

: Nairobi City Boundary

: Greater Nairobi

Mono core Development of self contained sub-centres

Development of minor settlements along transport corridors

connecting 2 centres

Development of settlements along corridor and ring.

Development of 2 level of corridor within

Nairobi city and greater Nairobi

Current

Proposed Development Vision for CBD

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Proposals on Urban Planning -CBD Development

“Compact urban centre that is creative, livable, green, efficient, competitive and inclusive”

“Compact urban centre that is creative, livable, green, efficient, competitive and inclusive”

Development Plan

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CBD Development

Existing network Proposed

roads Educational

Mixed Use of CI

Mixed Use of RC

Mixed Use of RC

Residential

Mixed Use of CI

Educational

RecreationalResidential

Challenge Lack of road connectivity Existence of low-utilized lands Inefficient land use (Bus terminals, high-dense small plots)

Development proposal Provide for integrated road network Enhancement of transport system Proposal of new land use plan suitable to current urban

condition　　　　　 Road Network Plan 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 Land Use Plan

1. Chronic State of Traffic Congestion– Compared with the traffic condition in 2004, traffic congestion has worsened over

the time in extent and area. Since the growth in population as well as sharp increase in car ownership is inevitable in future, quick fix type of measures will not solve the problem fundamentally.

2. Radial Network System– The network system in Nairobi is mainly composed of a radial pattern focusing to

the CBD as its centre. Moreover most essential radial roads also function as the international transport axes

3. Increase in Incoming vehicles to Nairobi– Traffic flow into Nairobi City area will also grow rapidly. Most of incoming traffic

seems to have a destination in the city centre area.

4. Inefficient Public Transport– A large number of passengers awaiting bus or matatu are observed in the peak

hours, but facilities such as bus stops are inappropriate and the time table is seldom prepared. In some areas, the quality of public transport services is insufficient, which causes an extensive use of private vehicles.

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Transport Sector – Issues of Concern

5.Inefficient Traffic Management– Evidently manual traffic control by a police officers is not efficient to achieve

the maximum capacity of intersections. Introduction of system control of signals is necessary immediately.

6.Poor Non Motorised Transport(NMT) Provision– While pedestrian crossings and pedestrian signals are not sufficiently installed

in Nairobi, NMT especially pedestrians are exposed to danger as the traffic volume increases. In the current condition, women, children and persons with disability will have difficulty of travel not only in the city centre but also in

suburban area.

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Transport sector issues of concernTransport sector issues of concern

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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

No. Type of Survey Method and Survey Volume

1 Person Trip Survey Household interview: 10,000 households

2 Cordon Line Survey Roadside interview: 14 points (12hr)Roadside traffic counts: 10 points (12hr)Roadside traffic counts: 4 points (24hr) Vehicle type: 8 types including pedestrian

3 Screen Line Survey Roadside traffic counts: 10 points (12hr)Roadside traffic counts: 5 points (24hr)Vehicle type: 8types including pedestrian

4 Traffic Counts Survey Roadside traffic counts: 30 points (12hr)

Intersection traffic counts: 20 intersections (12hr)

5 Public Transport User Survey

Interview to 1,500 passengers at major terminals in Nairobi city centre

6 Vehicle Speed Survey Survey route: 15 arterial routesThree times a day (morning, afternoon and evening)

7 Stated Preference Survey Number of samples: 2,000Interview to household members at the person trip survey

Summary of Traffic Survey

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Cordon Line Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

121,096

204,675

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

2004 2013

Total24hrVehicles

815

64,910

5,37911,187

34,926

3,8798,052

101,750

21,355 17,755

41,900

13,863

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Mot

orcy

cle

Priv

ate

Car

Ligh

t Tru

ck

Hea

vy T

ruck

Mat

atu

Larg

e Bu

s

2004

2013

Comparison of Total traffic with 2004 Survey (24hrs)

Comparison of Number of vehicles by Type with 2004 Survey

• Compared with 2004 traffic survey, total traffic increased by 1.69 times in 2013 (almost doubled)

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Screen Line Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

251,728

418,885

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

2004 2013

Total 24hrVehicles

2,163

147,387

10,963 16,272

67,116

7,82720,381

253,298

32,929 16,411

71,967

23,900

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Mot

orcy

cle

Priv

ate

Car

Ligh

t Tru

ck

Hea

vy T

ruck

Mat

atu

Larg

e Bu

s

2004

2013

Comparison of Total traffic with 2004 Survey (24hrs)

Comparison of Number of vehicles by Type with 2004 Survey

• Compared with 2004 traffic survey, total traffic increased by 1.66 times.• Private car increased 106 thousand which occupies 63% of total increase.• Motorcycle increased 9.4 times and light truck increased 3.0 times. Increase in

private vehicles is remarkable.

Total traffic of all the cordon line survey points

Total traffic on A104 and A2

46,000 vehicles are passing through city area. 84,000 vehicles are coming into city area and 86,0000 vehicles are going out of city area.

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Cordon Line Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

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Cordon Line Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

6.0

-7.0

7.0

- 8.

0

8.0

- 9.

0

9.0

- 10

.0

10.0

- 1

1.0

11.0

- 1

2.0

12.0

- 1

3.0

13.0

- 1

4.0

14.0

- 1

5.0

15.0

- 1

6.0

16.0

- 1

7.0

17.0

- 1

8.0

18.0

- 1

9.0

19.0

- 2

0.0

20.0

- 2

1.0

21.0

- 2

2.0

22.0

- 2

3.0

23.0

- 2

4.0

24.0

- 1

.0

1.0

- 2.

0

2.0

- 3.

0

3.0

- 4.

0

4.0

- 5.

0

5.0

- 6.

0

Perc

enta

ge

Hourly Variation in 2013

To Nairobi

From Nairobi

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

6.0

-7.0

7.0

- 8.

0

8.0

- 9.

0

9.0

- 10

.0

10.0

- 1

1.0

11.0

- 1

2.0

12.0

- 1

3.0

13.0

- 1

4.0

14.0

- 1

5.0

15.0

- 1

6.0

16.0

- 1

7.0

17.0

- 1

8.0

18.0

- 1

9.0

19.0

- 2

0.0

20.0

- 2

1.0

21.0

- 2

2.0

22.0

- 2

3.0

23.0

- 2

4.0

24.0

- 1

.0

1.0

- 2.

0

2.0

- 3.

0

3.0

- 4.

0

4.0

- 5.

0

5.0

- 6.

0

Per

cent

age

Hourly variation in 2004

To Nairobi

From Nairobi

Hourly variation in 2013

Hourly variation in 2004

Morning peak hours and evening peak hours expanded to early morning and late evening.

Morning Peak Hour

Evening Peak Hour

Vehicle speed does not slow down much on the international road (A104, A2). But vehicle speed slow down much on radial road crossing the A104 and A2.

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Vehicle Speed Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

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Person Trip Survey Results – Car Ownership

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

3.1% 2.3%7.0% 6.2%

2.5%7.4% 5.2% 3.4%

1.5% 1.9%

2.9% 2.9%

1.1%

4.7%2.6%

1.9%3.7% 4.6%

7.0% 7.9%

4.6%

41.9%

8.6%17.1%

0.2% 0.0%

0.3% 0.1%

0.4%

2.4%

0.4%

0.3%

0.2% 0.1%

0.1% 0.3%

0.4%

0.6%

0.0%

0.2%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Large Zone

OthersTruckCar/4WDMotorcycleBicycle

Car Ownership Rate by Large Zone

Car Ownership Rate by Household Income

• Car ownership rate increased to 0.290 from 0.233 in 2004.• Ownership rate varies by large zone , and ownership rate in zone 6

(Westlands) is highest.

Right: Ownership rateLeft: Total number of owned car

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2004

2013

• Person trip of east-west direction increased larger than north south direction.

• Concentration of person trip into city center will increase more.

Person Trip Survey Results – Trip Distribution

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

(0.000)

(0.500)

(1.000)

(1.500)

(2.000)

(2.500)

(3.000)

(3.500)

2013 2018 2023 2030

Population

Number of Household

Number of Private Car

Car Ownership Rate perHousehold

Comparison of Increase rate of Indices

Source: JICA Study Team (JST)39

Methodology of Future Demand Forecast

Future Framework

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Transport Network

Existing Road Network

Functional Class

Road Class

Functional Class

Alternative Descriptive Term

ARTERIAL OR TRUNK

S - Super HighwayA International Major ArterialB National Minor Arterial

ARTERIALH Major Arterial HighwayJ Minor Arterial Principal Arterial

COLLECTORK Major Collector Primary DistributorL Minor Collector District Distributor

LOCAL

M Major Local Shopping / Local street

N Minor LocalNon-residential access (industrial / government / commerce, etc)

P Local Access Residential access

Road Network proposed in 2006 M/P (NUTRANS)

Legend201020152025New DevelopmentWidening

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Transport Network

Progress of Road Improvement after 2006 M/P (NUTRANS)

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Transport Network

• Road development in short term plan of 2006 M/P has not been completed.

• Road development outside urbanized area has made progress.

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Proposed 9 corridors for Mass Rapid Transport Plans

Legend

Bus Rapid TransitLight Rail TransitMetro RailCommuter RailTransit HubTransit TerminalTransit Interchange

Issues for infrastructure

・ Infrastructure plans exist but many are not implemented due to lack of budget, poor coordination among agencies and lack of information sharing (population, land use plan)

Water supply・ Lack of measures for improvement of UFW (Unaccounted for Water)・ Old facilities (most is constructed in 1950s and 1960s)

Sewerage/drainage・ Lack of capacity (treatment volume/quantity)

Infrastructure – Water & Sewerage

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Proposals on Infrastructure

Water Supply ChallengesMaster plan of water supply for Nairobi City with the target for

completion in 2035 has been prepared by AWSB supported by WB and AFD. This plan didn’t consider assumption on the water loss.

Development Policies The development of water supply is carried out as per the master

plan. Water resources and the facilities are located outside Nairobi City.

Thus, an agreement of counties on the development of water supply facilities for Nairobi City is necessary.

Depending on the improvement level of the water loss, the revising the master plan of the development needs to be studied.

Infrastructure Cont’d - Storm Water Drainage and Sewerage

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Storm Water Drainage Challenge:The development of storm water drainage

in Nairobi City is likely to focus on the localized drainage network.

Development policy ： The storm water drainage should be developed in the manner of integrating the river and localized drainage networks as a system.

Sewerage Water Challenge 1: the water quality data of the effluent from

the STW indicate that the values of BOD, COD and TSS do not meet the effluent standards of Kenya.

Challenge 2: A sewerage collection rate is regarded as 35% of city area.

Development policy: the sewerage water system should be developed in view of above.

Water Environment Capacity for environment management should be

enhanced

Challenges and Development PoliciesNairobi River

Ruiruak River

CBD

SewerSewer (Planned)

DrainDrain (Planned)

Nairobi River and Tributaries

Localized Drainage Network

Infrastructure Cont’d - Power Supply

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Challenges The land of transmission line needs to

be utilized effectively. It may be necessary to share mapping

data for infrastructure management. High tariff (tariff for street lights is

higher for the tariff for industry use) Need to investigate power supply

capacity for railway development Development Policies

Appropriate Planning for renewable energy Sector

Development based on the Concept of Sub-Centres

Current Wide Wayleaves of Transmission Line

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Infrastructure Cont’d - Solid Waste Management Challenges

Insufficient collection system and recycle system Negative effect to surrounding area because of opened dumping site Insufficient disposal management framework

Development Policies Implementation of environmental, social, economic and technical friendly

disposal management Construction of framework for related management organizations Capacity development of disposal management

Upgrading of Local Access

Network

Upgrading of Nairobi Metro

Trunk Communication

Network

National Backbone Communication

Network

Mobile

Office Building

Residence

: Main Exchange

: Local Exchange

: Fiber Optic Ring

【Legend】

Challenges・ Local access network from local exchange

is not expanded to all end users・ Capacity of metro trunk communication

network is insufficient

Telecommunication Development Concept

Infrastructure - Telecommunications

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Infrastructure Cont’d -Telecommunications

Features High penetration rate of mobile phone and internet Environmental concerns because of individual development of telecom

infrastructure by telecom companies Development Policies

Stable high speed telecommunication network and accessibility Network between government and telecom companies (e.g. development of

common infrastructure) Improvement of regulations and laws Promotion of e-government

Governance & Institutional Arrangements

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Institutions• Issues of 1973 Nairobi Strategic Plan

Recommendation has not been realized Measures for private fund promotion is not clear Capacity of Nairobi City Council (then) was not fully utilized in terms of

number and skills Legal framework was not developed Lack of commitment and political will

• Institutional issues Development control: Linkage (coordination) between building

control and development control is not clear for development control Urban development management: Spatial development and

infrastructure development are weak Private sector promotion: private sector investment scheme and

incentive is weak Public participation: public awareness/understanding of urban

development is weak

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Basic Policy for Institutional Strengthening

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Integrate Urban Development Master Plan for Nairobi

Development Control Urban (spatial) Development

Projects

Infrastructure management

Private Sector Promotion

Community Awareness

Urban Management Mechanism

Management support mechanism

Strategy1 : Strengthening of Development Control

• Comprehensive development control mechanism

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Land Development Control

•Land use zoning regulation•Building facility, floor area ratio, building coverage ratio•Relation between site and roads•Restriction in fire protection zone

Building Control•Safety: structure, fire prevention, building equipment•Rules related to zoning regulation

Technical Standard•Facility requirement•Development condition

Development Control

Mechanism

Strategy 2: Facilitation of urban development schemes

• Urban development schemes for CBD and sub-centre development Land re-adjustment project, land re-development project

Key features• Change and improvement of land condition, Securing necessary public space,

Designation of the land re-adjustment project in urban planning, Fair and transparent legal procedure, Preservation of private land rights, Consensus building among land right holders, Fair sharing of profit and cost

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Before After

Land Re-plotting 　　　　　 　

Land Re-plotting 　　　　　 　

Reserve LandReserve Land

Road

Park

Land ContributionLand Contribution

A

B

CD

E

FG H

I J K

A

BCD

EF

G H

J KI

G G

Basic Model of LR

Strategy 3: Infrastructure development management

mechanism• Coordination management

Streamline approvals for utilities according to a common system

Enforce the current two-year infrastructure audit requirement

Manage the costs of maintaining infrastructure by cost sharing among users

Agree on affordable charges for infrastructure provisionEnsure quality control and reinstatements

• Information sharingPolicies for data base management by GIS

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Strategy 4: Private sector promotion scheme

Development control: For effective execution of development control, private sector including developers has to understand the rule. Control mechanism proposed in (i) above has to be disseminated to developers for understanding of the rule.

Urban development: A PPP framework is often used for urban development. Regulation for private sector development promotion including an incentive for development, clear definition of the government role in supporting private sector development has to be developed

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Strategy 5: Information dissemination scheme

Master Plan, control measures and development mechanism

Website managementCivil education to promote awareness on

urban development management rules

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Thank you

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