Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet · Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet Prashant Kumar Singh Dept. of CSE IIT Bombay ... Two groups, Traditional Group: 122 students, Multimedia

Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet

Prashant Kumar Singh

Dept. of CSEIIT Bombay

[email protected]

October 2013

Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 1 / 31

Contents

1 Introduction and Motivation

2 Learning and Interactivity

3 Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4 Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5 Problem Statement and Solution Strategy


Current Section







Introduction

Era of Science and Technology

Technology and education

Smart classroomse-learningDigital booksCourse Management Systems (Moodle)Online Courses (Coursera and NPTEL)

Learning by e-books: Possible shortcomings

more chances of distractionNo interactive demonstrationsVerbal symbols do not leave a concrete experience


Introduction







Introduction







Motivation

To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books

Interactive e-books

enables reader to communicate with e-booksembedded interactive multimedia, so interesting to readlearning at your own pacelearning not just by watchingbetter learning environment


Motivation

To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books

Interactive e-books

enables reader to communicate with e-booksembedded interactive multimedia, so interesting to readlearning at your own pacelearning not just by watchingbetter learning environment


Current Section







Learning

Learning

Learning Hypothesis

Passive Learning Hypothesis: Content same, Learning sameActive Learning Hypothesis: Way of teaching

Cone of Experience

Forgetting Curve


Learning

Learning

Learning Hypothesis


Cone of Experience

Forgetting Curve


Learning

Learning

Learning Hypothesis


Cone of Experience

Forgetting Curve


Cone of Experience

Figure: Cone of experience

Cone of Experience

Edgar Dale: ’Audio visualmethods in teaching 1946’

Studied various audio-visualmedia

Describes concreteness ofaudio-visual media

Lower layer and upper layer

Three regions

Symbolic region: Knowledgethat comes by listening or seeing

Iconic region: Knowledge bymotion pictures like television

Enactive region: Knowledgethat comes through action


Forgetting Curve

Figure: Forgetting Curve

Hermann Ebbinghaus, a Germanpsychologist

explains how fast the process offorgetting takes place

relation between memory andtime

exponential loss in information(Red Curve)

effect of revision (Green Lines)


Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans andGibbons

Aim

To investigate the impact of interactivity on students

Environment

Year: 2007No of students 33 (22 male and 11 female)Undergraduate students at a university in Londonbackground in physicsTopic Taught: Working of a Bicycle Pump

Method

Two sub groups, random selection, I and NI Grouptwo quizzes to solveMemory Test(2 question): How Bicycle pump worksTransfer Test(3 question) What could be done to make pump moreeffective, to make it move air more rapidlyOne hour duration



Aim


Environment


Method




Aim


Environment


Method



Non Interactive Group

Figure: Demonstration for NonInteractive Group

17 students

Screen contained diagram of apump with a little description ofsix up stages and six downstages


Interactive Group

Figure: Demonstration forInteractive Group

16 students

Screen displays a diagram of apump with a next button

When presses repeatedly, screenshows various stages


Observations

1 Marks

Transfer Test Mean

I Group 2.5 (out of 6)

NI Group 1.8 (out of 6)

2 Time taken

Mean Test time

I Group 785.5 seconds

NI Group 1160.8 seconds


Observations...

Figure: Time spent on learning andtime spent on test

Graph shows interactive grouptook more time for lesson, buttook less time for Test ascompared to non interactivegroup


Similar Work

Saswan Nusir et al. also performed a similar experiment.

Aim : Effect of effect of Multimedia programs on children learning

Grade-1 children were selected

Two groups, Traditional Group: 122 students, Multimedia group: 123students

Simple mathematics concept was taught(Fraction)

Test was organized to check the effect.

Mean Scores: Traditional: 8.05 while Multimedia Group: 8.47

Cartoon characters were used to teach


Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration

2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text

3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time

4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds

5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animationand Text)

6 Redundancy Principle: (Animation + Narration) if text is used, it isredundant

7 Personalization Principle: Conversational style instead of formal style








































































Current Section







Interactivity in e-books

Technology and e-books

Lack of interactive features

chalk and talk method

Features of interactive e-books

Support for audio and video contentSupport for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)Support for in-book quizzingSupport for reflowability of contentBetter educational environmentInteresting to read


Spoken Tutorials

Video lectures with audio narration of slides

Audio can be dubbed in any Language

Small size videos

Benefits of Spoken tutorial

People with poor English will be able to learnNarration in Indian accent makes it easy to understandLearning at a speed that suits you better


ePub

ePub

open standard e-book formatFree and OpenSupports interactive featuresfile extension .epub

Version of ePub

Version 2.0.1

Reflowability of content.

Version 3

Current versionYear 2011Support for audio and videoSupport for MathMLSupport for CSS3Support for HTML5Support for SVG


Structure of ePub

Zip archiveOne file with two directories(OEPBS and META-INF)

Figure: Directory Structure of ePub


Structure of ePub...

mimetype: identifies a file over internet

META-INF Directory

contains container.xmlcontainer.xml contains path of content.opf

OEPBS Directory

Contains all data filescontent.opfcontent.opf contains all meta-data, address and mimetype of all datafilesorder of coverpage and chapters in final books


Current Section







Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

Use of HTML5 CSS and JavaScript.JavaScript can be used to create quizzes

Figure: A book having embedded video


Interactivity in ePub: Created Book...

With the help of JavaScript, we can create in-book quizzes.

Figure: A book having quiz


Authoring tools for e-books

iBooks Author

Organization : AppleYear : 2012License : ProprietaryAnyone having a Mac can create interactive e-books with help ofiBooks Author

Pubbsoft

online tool for creating animated books for i-pad and i-Phonefree to useInterface based on drag and dropNo programming required, designed for non technical users

Sigil

Open-sourceAllows WYSIWYG editing for ePub ebook



iBooks Author


Pubbsoft


Sigil




iBooks Author


Pubbsoft


Sigil



Current Section







Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

Problem Statement

Searching other possible ways of making books interactiveCreating a tool to automate the process of creating interactive e-books

Solution Strategy

HTML5 and JavaScript will be exploredAn automation tool will be created, that takes text and interactivemedia as input and produces an interactive e-book


Conclusion

Interactivity in e-books:

recent concept in education

can be a revolutionary idea

ePub has the capability of bringing interactivity

ePub: still in development phase


References

C. Evans and N. J. Gibbons, The interactivity effect in multimedialearning, Computers & Education, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1147 1160,2007.

R. Mayer and R. Moreno, Animation as an aid to multimedia learning,Educational Psychology Review, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 8799, 2002.

M. A.-K. SAWSAN NUSIR, IZZAT ALSMADI and F. SHARADGAH,Studying the impact of using multimedia interactive programs onchildrens ability to learn basic math skills, E-Learning and DigitalMedia,, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 305319, 2013.

Wikipedia, Epub wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EPUB&oldid=570516078


Thank You


Documents

Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet · Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet Prashant Kumar Singh Dept. of CSE IIT Bombay ... Two groups, Traditional Group: 122 students, Multimedia