INTERNATIONAL FISH TRADE - Welcome to the … Powerpoint Templates Page 2 CONTENTS • Overview of International Fish Trade and its Benefits • Past and Present Trend in Fish Trade

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INTERNATIONAL FISH TRADE

by Ferique Shortte

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CONTENTS

• Overview of International Fish Tradeand its Benefits

• Past and Present Trend in Fish Trade

• Legislative Framework


International Fish Trade& Food Security

• Fish is a good source of animal protein, micro-nutrients & essential fatty acids. (Omega-3)

• Socio-economic and cultural role linking to long-established traditions and food habits.

• In developed states approx. 80% of the populationobtain < 20% of their animal protein from fish.

• Approx. 60% of people in developing countriesrely on fish for over 30% of their animal protein.

• Fishing industry provides job opportunities &generate significant revenue for states. (55mil ppl)


Benefits of Fish Tradeto Developing States

NATIONALLY - Revenue from fishery productsexports, such as lobster, conch or shrimps thatprocure high value in developed countries, canbe used to purchase alternative & relativelyinexpensive food, which can then becomesavailable to nutritionally susceptible regions ofthe population.

HOUSEHOLD – Increases in fish exports providenew jobs and increase income levels along withpurchasing power.


HIGH VALUEFISHERYSPECIES



Fish Trade at Present

• Global population estimated 6 billion people.

• Global Fish trade is worth USD $109 bil. 2010

• 50% total catch originate from developingstates.


Contributing Factors toRecent Upsurge in

International Fish Trade

• Increased awareness of the health benefits of fishas food.

• The sanitary problems confronting beef and poultry.

• Increase income and urbanization.


FUELING THE TRADE IN FISH& FISHERY PRODUCTS

• Aquaculture is helping to ease the stresson wild fishery.

• 62.7 million tonnes traded in 2011 = USD$130 billion (China > 60% production).

• Capture fisheries is declining.

• Aquaculture is contributing to any increasethere is to global fish trade.


RATIONALE:INTERNATIONAL LEGALFRAMEWORK FOR FISH

TRADE

As a product of international trade fish is governedunder general international trade law rules;conversely, as a commodity, fish trade displays somedistinct features (e.g. askew geographical distribution,their exhaustibility, high natural-resource dependencyin some economies, and tendencies towards high priceinstability) that require some special rules (e.g. rulesor origin; product certification; catch & tradedocumentation)


Legal frameworkgoverning internationaltrade in fish• NONE SPECIFICALLY

Governed by:• International fisheries law• International environmental law• International trade law• International health standards


Framework UnderFisheries Treaties• LOSC• UN Fish Stocks Agreement• FAO Compliance Agreement• FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible

Fisheries (art 6.14)• IPOA-IUU (art 66)• FAO Port State Measures Agreement• Regional Fisheries Management

Organizations• Specific instruments on trade measures are

found only in the FAO Code of Conduct and theIPOA-IUU


The Functions of theGATT/WTO

• Administering trade agreements

• Acting as a forum for trade negotiations

• Settling disputes

• Reviewing national trade policies


Key Principles ofInternational Trade law

• The Most Favoured Nation (MFN)

• Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

• Rules of Origin (RoO)

• National Treatment Principle

• Quantitative Restrictions

• Transparency


GATT Article XX –exceptions to Principles

Subject to the requirements that such measures arenot applied in a manner which would constitute ameans of arbitrary or unjustified discrimination …nothing in this agreement shall be construed toprevent the adoption or enforcement of measures….

(b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant lifeor health… ((SANITARY and PHYTOSANITARYMEASURES (SPS))Sanitary

(g) relating to the conservation of exhaustiblenatural resources if such measures are madeeffective in conjunction with restrictions on domesticproduction or consumption.


Criteria for adoptingtrade measures

• Be applied in harmony with the principles, rights andobligations of the WTO

• Fair, transparent, and non-discriminatory

• Based on scientific principles

• Avoid unilateral trade measures

• Should not directly or indirectly create unnecessary orhidden barriers to trade

• Should not condition access to markets to access toresources- Possible exception is bilateral fisheries agreements


CONCLUSION

• Fish trade is necessary as an importantcontribution to the economy, livelihood andfood security of developing states.

• Trade is necessary to provide a high sourceof protein to an ever increasing globalpopulation.

• Just like all other products, fish and fisheryproducts are govern by the same set of laws.

• It is important that trade policies beregulated.


THANK YOU!!!

Documents

INTERNATIONAL FISH TRADE - Welcome to the … Powerpoint Templates Page 2 CONTENTS • Overview of International Fish Trade and its Benefits • Past and Present Trend in Fish Trade