International Regulations to improve Maritime safety

to avoid oil spills

29 August 2011Dr Anita Mäkinen

Finnish Transport Safety Agency

Increasing international shipping

At every moment > 2000 vessels trafficking in the Baltic Sea

Oil shipping in the Gulf of Finland > 150 million tonnes /year

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2009

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•Number of ships,Number of ships crossing AIS fixed lines in the Baltic Sea according to the type of the vessels, 2009.

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Shipping is international activity – and also regulated Internationally

National Legislation

IMOInternational Law of the Seas, UNCLOSMARPOL 73/78 ConventionSOLASSTCWOPRC, CLC

EU Directives

Helsinki Convention, 1974/1992

HELCOM Recom-mendations

EU Regulations: Strategy for the BalticSea

Region

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International Maritime Organization (IMO)

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In 1948 an international conference in Geneva adopted a convention formally establishing IMO

The Purposes of IMO to provide machinery for cooperation among

Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade

to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships".

The Organization is also empowered to deal with administrative and legal matters related to these purposes.

IMO Headquartes, Albert Embankment, Lontoo. www.imo.org

source: IMO

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The most important IMO Conventions

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, SOLAS

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship, MARPOL

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, STCW

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International Conventions on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Compensation

A. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC)

Parties to the OPRC convention are required to establish measures for dealing with pollution incidents, either nationally or in co-operation with other countries.

Ships are required to carry a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan, the to be developed by IMO. Operators of offshore units under the jurisdiction of Parties are also required to have oil pollution emergency plans or similar arrangements which must be co-ordinated with national systems for responding promptly and effectively to oil pollution incidents.

B. International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC)

The Civil Liability Convention was adopted to ensure that adequate compensation is available to persons who suffer oil pollution damage resulting from maritime casualties involving oil-carrying ships.  

C. International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND)

The 1969 Brussels Conference considered a compromise proposal to establish an international fund, to be subscribed to by the cargo interests, which would be available for the dual purpose of,relieving the shipowner of the burden by the requirements of the new convention and,providing additional compensation to the victims of pollution damage in cases where compensation

under the 1969 Civil Liability Convention was either inadequate or unobtainable.

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source: IMO

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DIRECTIVES AND REGULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

• Directives• Directive 2009/21/EC “Compliance with flag State requirements”• Monitoring Directive 2002/59/EC (the 'VTM Directive) with amending acts• Directive 2011/15/EU

• Regulations• Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 and No 1726/2003 on the phasing

out of single-hull tankers

• The directives and regulations of the European Union supplement the IMO regulations

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Not only Regulations

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• In spite of the numerous Regulations enforced we do have shipping accidents in the Baltic Sea.

•According to HELCOM statistics 105 shipping accidents (10 of oil spill) happened in 2009.

•Thus, operative collaboration such as GOFREP in the Gulf of Finland is needed.

•Furthermore, we do have Helcoms Baltic Sea Action Plan and

•EU´s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, which are both good forum for collaboration Baltic wide among all Baltic Sea to enhance Maritime and Environmental Safety.

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THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE BALTIC SEA REGION

A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT AND OPTIMAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

To make the Baltic Sea Region an

environmental-ly sustainable

place

To make the Baltic Sea Region a

prosperous place

To make the Baltic Sea Region an accessible

and attractive place

To make the Baltic Sea

Region a safe and secure

place

IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH 15 PRIORITY AREAS

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COORDINATION OF PRIORITY AREAS

TOREDUCE NUTRIENTINPUTS

TOPRESERVEBIO-DIVERSITY

HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES

CLEANSHIPPING

CLIMATECHANGE

INTERNALMARKETHINDRANCES

RESEARCHAND INNOVATION

ENTREPRENEUR-SHIP, SME’S,HUMANRESOURCES

SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURE,FORESTRY & FISHERIES

ENERGYMARKETS

TRANSPORTLINKS

EDUCATION,TOURISM &HEALTH

MARITIMESAFETY &SECURITY

PROTECTIONFROM MAJOREMERGENCIES

CROSSBORDERCRIME

PL/FI DE SE DK DK

EE SE/PL DK FI y) LV

LT DE x) FI/DK DK FI

x) =DE/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern /NDPHS y) = fisheries coordinated by SE

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Priority area 13: To become a leading region in maritime safety and security (PA13)

Flagship projects:

For example

a) MONALISA – project; lead Swedish Maritime Administration

develops Motorways of the Sea,contains eco‐efficient e‐navigation solutions

b) “Efficient, Safe and Sustainable Traffic at Sea (abbreviated EfficienSea)- project;

Lead Danish Maritime Safety Administration;

• 16 partners from Estonia, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Poland and Sweden

Among the objectives of the EfficienSea project, it is worth highlighting

the work on modelling dynamic risk [which will improve possibilities for traffic surveillance services to distinguish high risk traffic]

• the work on improved data exchange and data content of marine and maritime information;

• the development of a proto type for so-called e-Navigation and the testing of this in the Baltic Sea; aimed at providing more accurate information for navigation while reducing information complexity;

• the work on improving the attractiveness of the maritime sector as a career choice for young people

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE BALTIC SEA REGION

•Requires common policies

• Instruments and

•Funding at the EU level

• International actions and cooperations.

•The Strategy is under revision –•it is time to act now!

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