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Internet of Thingsg
GISFI Workshop, NewDelhi, 10 AUG 2009
Balamuralidhar PTCS Innovation Labs, Bangalore
OutlineOutline• Internet of Things - Backgroundg g• Emerging Trends• StandardisationStandardisation• Research Challenges• India PerspectiveIndia Perspective• Summary
MotivationMotivation• Information on Physical World to Digital
World
• Modify the Physical World• Modify the Physical World – Management & Control Systems
Internet of ThingsInternet of ThingsA world where objects can automatically
i t t t d hcommunicate to computers and each other providing services for the benefits of human kind.
Some Application AreasSome Application Areas• Manufacturing, Logistics, Retail. Example applications
P d t th ti ti d ti t f iti– Product authentication and anti-counterfeiting– Next generation industrial automation and supply chain
management– Inventory management, Track & Trace, etc.– Remote maintenance, service & support
• Energy and Utilitiesgy– Water supply and sewerage monitoring– Smart electricity and water transmission Grids
• Intelligent Transportation Systems• Intelligent Transportation Systems• Environment monitoring• Disaster management• Healthcare • Home management and monitoring
Disaster/crisis management
Services
Applications/ServicesLogistics, SCM Disaster Surveillance Military Field
Structural healthmonitoring Agricultural control
U-Health care
MiddlewareUbiquitous web services Context modeling
and management
NGN, Internet, etc
Directory service Management
and management
Contents management Spatial info management
etc.
M bil
Access Network Access
Network
Access Network
Access Network
SN Gateway
Access Network
Access Gateway
RFID Reader
MobileRFID Reader
RFID/Sensor Networks
SN Gateway
Sensor node
SN Gateway
6
RFID/SensorNetworks SN Gateway
Source: ETRI
IOT ComponentsIOT Components
LocationPower Source
IOT
IdentificationSensors
IOTActuators Devices
Computing
Communication
Storage
Emerging Trends
MiniaturisationMiniaturisation
Miniature sensors
Pervasive devices
Super slim printed battery
Printed Electronics
RobustnessRobustness
• Features for robustness into devicesFeatures for robustness into devices
Innovative Designs & Use casesInnovative Designs & Use cases
Mobile Phone GatewayMobile Phone Gateway– Mobile Phone as a data capture and networking
device• Supporting many I/O, sensors: Camera, Microphone,
keyboard, speaker, Display, NFC, Bluetooth,Accelerometer
Air quality sensing phoneNoise sensing in city
roads using cell phones
Integration with the evolving InternetInternet
Integration with the evolving Internet – Web2 and the Semantic web Internet protocol (IP) and the use of IPv6 – established,
stable highly scalable communication technologystable, highly scalable communication technology
Accommodating edge technologies since IP is not able to completely accommodate such needs directly
Prospect of new domains (wow.) and associated service support structures and service oriented architecture (SOA)
Ubiquitous IdentityUbiquitous Identity• Ubiquitous ID (UID)
S if i l b l id ifi i h– Specifying a global identification scheme – Specifying a range of data carrier technologies
• The URI, the basic addressing scheme for the World Wide WebWorld Wide Web,
– EPC can be encoded as a URI. The EPC is strictly a URN and is one of 38 such schemes registered for use on the Internet (as of May 2008)2008)
– The URN can be seen as the basis for linking unique and other codes or edge technologies to the Internet.
• The Object Identifier (OID), as used by ISO, is – significantly wider in its adoption
Some Industrial InitiativesSome Industrial Initiatives• Internet of Items SAP
– Retail, Utilities
• Smarter Planet IBMSmarter Planet IBM– Logistics, Supply Chain management
• IP for Smart Objects(IPSO) CISCO, Atmel– IPV6 ready protocol stack– IPV6 ready protocol stack
• Sensor Web OGC– GIS integrated sensor application standards
ADiW lli f th di it l fl f d• ADiWa- an alliance for the digital flow of goods • SemProm - Semantic Product Memory
Pachube - Youtube for sensorsPachube Youtube for sensors• Pachube is a web service available at http://www.pachube.com that
enables you to connect, tag and share real time sensor data from objects, devices, buildings and environments around the world.
• Pachube makes use of Extended Environments Markup Language (EEML)
Key ChallengesKey Challenges
• Event-driven middlewareEvent-driven middleware– with advanced and intelligent event filtering capability, enabling
management of frequently disconnected and asynchronous operating networks in the IoT
• Scale– New storage requirements. – Protocols to handle new traffic patterns
• Spectrum– Licensed, unlicensed, impact on regulations– New spectrum access/sharing techniquesNew spectrum access/sharing techniques
• Resilience of systems– Resilient to vulnerabilities, allow graceful service degradation
ft f ilafter a failure
Key ChallengesKey Challenges• Sensor networks.
P i i f ti liti– Pervasive sensing functionalities – Universal Plug&Play (UPnP) protocol for sensors – Energy neutral platforms
• Ad-hoc networks– Handling moving objects with on-the-fly
• Human computer interaction– Multimodal and fully intuitive interfaces. – Inclusive approaches for people with diverse
abilities/disabilitiesabilities/disabilities
Key ChallengesKey Challenges• Security and Privacy
• Regulations & policies
• Governance
• Business Models
• Awareness and Trust of Stakeholders
Some Research Topics in IOTSome Research Topics in IOT• Devices
– Low power devices with innovative user interfacesp– Active RFID, Sensors– Energy Scavenging– Localization
• Networking, Communications & Security– Robust protocols
Net ork Coding– Network Coding– In network computing– Privacy, Security and Risks
• Middleware and Information Management– Architectures– Discovery services– Efficient sensor data query – Semantic Web
IOT in Indian ContextIOT in Indian Context
• Too many “things” to handle – scale• Affordability & cost effectiveness
S i E i f t Di it• Socio-Economic factors - Diversity• Environmental Impact
• Impact of IOT in India can be on many aspects – Social as well as business
Infrastructure MonitoringInfrastructure Monitoring
Emergency warning and response systems
Traffic monitoring and managementTraffic monitoring and management
Environment and Pollution controlEnvironment and Pollution control
Health careHealth care
• Spurious drugs• Telemedicine• Assisted Living
Utility ServicesUtility Services• Condition monitoring• Detection & control of leakages
Benefits from IOTBenefits from IOT• Real-time monitoring- for efficient decision making and
tiaction.• Better transparency of physical flows and detailed status
information. This is also important for regulatory li d bli di i ticompliance and public dissemination.
• Improved performance, visibility & scalability of business process automation.C / f f• Creation/transformation of new and existing business processes by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, mobility and automation
Potential Activities for GISFIPotential Activities for GISFI• Development of an End-to-End Architecture for Internet of
ThingsThings
• Collaborative Development of an Opensource Platform– Middleware for IOTMiddleware for IOT– Reference Hardware Platform
• Standards Development– Unified Identity for ‘ things ‘ – Privacy and Data Security– Network Integration & Management– Green Standards - at various layers
• Research ProgramsResearch Programs– Coordinated research programs with academics, industry &
Govt (Internationally)• Influence Regulations/Policies
S t D i ifi t d d t h l i t l– Spectrum, Domain specific standards, technologies, tools
IETF 6LoWPAN
yApplications
Web Services
Gat
eway
pp
XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI
HTTP / FTP / SNMP Prox
y /
IP
TCP / UDP
802.15.4, …802.11Ethernet Sonet
IETF 6lowpan
