Intro to

Animals(EUMETAZOA)

 Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinoderm

mollusks

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

tissues

bilateral symmetry

body cavity

segmentation

Animal Evolution

eucoelom

starfish vertebrates

endoskeleton

segmentedworms

insectsspiders

backbone

Diagram from slide show by Kim Foglia

Animals

Invertebrates(animals without a backbone)

PoriferaCnidariaWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods

KingdomAnim

alia

Subphylum Vertebrata

Animals with backbones

FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals

Phylum Chordata

LIFE ON EARTH

Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

Characteristics of ALL Animals:

1.Eukaryotic2. Heterotrophic3.Multicellular/differentiated

cells4.Cells have NO cell walls5. Movement6. Reproduction (Most sexual)

Body Systems :_____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING

(fur, skin, scales, feathers)

INTEGUMENTARY

Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss

Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.phpFish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpgCardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

Body Systems :

_________________Breaks down food to obtain nutrients

& gets rid of undigested waste

DIGESTIVE

Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

NO OPENINGS:Food enters through cell surface

EX: tapeworm

EX: sponges

Sponge images from Animals slide show by Kim Foglia @ http://www.explorebiology.com

Image by Riedell

http://www.tape-worm.info/

ONE OPENING combined digestive/circulatory space= GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY

FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gifhttp://contanatura.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/2005/09/imortalidade_pr.htmlhttp://www.explorebiology.com

EX: jellyfish, hydra, planaria

TWO OPENINGS: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

Two openings: Most efficient

If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization(Different parts can start to do different jobs)

Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

Body Systems :__________________

Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells

Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells

Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________

loose inside body spaces = _______

CIRCULATORY

CLOSEDOPEN

Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

IMMUNE SYSTEM

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14X28.jpg

Protection against “foreign invaders”

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/IMMUNOLOGY/tutorials/antibody/structure.html

Body Systems :___________________RESPIRATORY

Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif

Exchange gases with the environment

• take in oxygen • remove waste gases (CO2 &/or

ammonia)

GAS EXCHANGE THROUGH SKIN

BOOK LUNGS TRACHEA & SPIRACLES

http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecArthropod/SpiderX.jpg

GILLS

LUNGS

http://www.ciggyfree.com/cigblog/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/lungs.gif

trachea

anteriorair sacs

lung

posteriorair sacs

BREATHING WITH LUNGS

• Positive pressure• Air pushed into

lungs

• Negative pressure• Air pulled into lungs (diaphragm)

UNIQUE BIRD LUNGS

Animation from: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm/birds

AIRS SACS ATTACHEDTO LUNGSALLOW OXYGEN IN LUNGS on theINHALE and on the EXHALE

Body Systems :

___________________

• Collect and remove nitrogen waste made by cells

• Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance

(_________________________)

EXCRETORY

OSMOREGULATION

NITROGEN WASTE :_________________ Most TOXIC

Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute

______________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water

(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)

______________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to

dilute)

AMMONIA

UREA

URIC ACID

NITROGEN WASTEhttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG

ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!DIGESTIVE WASTE

NITROGENWASTE

WHERE IT’S MADE?

Body system used?

In what form?

made by cells from break down of proteins & nucleic acids

Handled by excretory system

ammonia, urea, or uric acid(waste + water = urine)

Feces (poop)

left over from undigested food

Handled by digestive system

• NEPHRIDIA• MALPIGHIAN TUBULES• FLAME CELLS• KIDNEYS

http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecArthropod/SpiderX.jpg

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/Faculty/Farabee/BIOBK/insectexcret_1.gif

http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/review/excretory.html

Body Systems : ___________________

Framework to support body/protection

Skeleton on inside = _______________

Skeleton on outside = _______________

SKELETAL

ENDOSKELETON

EXOSKELETON

Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html

Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

Body Systems : _______________

Locomotion- move body itself

OR

move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)

MUSCULAR

Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html

http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_______________________

Body Systems : _____________________ -

Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________

REPRODUCTIVE

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.aspPlanaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

REPRODUCTIVE ______________ DEVELOPMENT

immature LARVA looks different than adult

__________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults

INDIRECT

DIRECT

Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterflyFrog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co

Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________

Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________

External fertilization

Internal fertilizationAnimation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

___________________

Receive sensory infoabout environment &

send response signals

NERVOUS

http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

__________________

Make hormones that regulate other body systems

ENDOCRINE

Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

Kinds of Symmetry

Asymmetry Radial Bilateral

Images from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htmhttp://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htmhttp://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

DORSAL

POSTERIOR

VENTRAL

ANTERIOR

Animation from: http://bestanimations.com

________________Concentration of nervous tissue and

sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)

• First seen in Platyhelminthes (flat worms)• Associated with bilateral symmetry• Efficient response to stimulus• Sense organs encounter environment first

CEPHALIZATION

EMBRYOLOGY

Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml

1. Where does BLASTOPORE end up?2. What do embryos look like as they divide?3. When do cells decide what they will be?

 Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Becomes digestive system

1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up?

 Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

What do embryos look like as they divide?

Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif

SPIRAL RADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

When do cells decide what they will become?

 Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

Embryonic Stem Cells

Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

Cells decide early Cells decide later

Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK

DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE

THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM !

DIZYGOTIC TWINS(Fraternal twins)DIFFERENT DNA

MONOZYGOTIC TWINS(Maternal twins)Identical DNA

ONLYDeuterostomescan have identical twins!

ANIMALS(Triploblastic)

Blastopore becomes MOUTH

Blastopore becomes ANUS

Decide very early (DETERMINATE)

Decide later(INDETERMINATE)

MOST INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS

ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS

SPIRAL cleavageRADIAL cleavage

PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

“Exception to the rule” ECHINODERMS ARE

THE ONLY INVERTEBRATEDEUTEROSTOMES

Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG

Porifera and Cnidarians have only TWO germ layersNot considered PROTOSTOMES

http://z.about.com/d/healing/1/0/Y/O/gtotem_jellyfish.jpg

http://my3boysandi.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/spongebob_1.jpg

BODY PLANINVERTEBRATES• Dorsal heart• Ventral nerve cord

VERTEBRATES• Ventral heart• Dorsal nerve cord

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/crus001and2b.gif/small.jpg

 Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

GASTRULATION-cells move inward overlip of blastoporeTHREE germ layers form

Becomes digestive system

All animals have 3 germ layers = TRIPLOBLASTICExcept: sponges, jellyfish, anemones = DIPLOBLASTIC

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory

Digestive system, respiratory

Outer skin, brain, nervous system

Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)

No cavity (space) around organs

Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

ACOELOM = “without space”

FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)Space around organs but only lined

with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

PSEUDOCOELOM

ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums)

EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm

Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & MOSTINVERTEBRATES

3 Types of Coeloms

ectodermmesodermendoderm

Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg

ACOELOM

PSEUDOCOELOM

EUCOELOM

FUNCTIONS of having a COELOM (body space):

In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeletonIn animals without blood vessels-

Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

Provides space/cushion internal organs

ADVANTAGE OF a EUCOELOM?

Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time.

Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif

ECTOTHERMICADVANTAGES: Slow metabolism means you can survive on 1/10 the food as a same size endotherm

DISADVANTAGES:• Can’t to live in extremely cold places (NO reptiles in Arctic)

• Can’t keep up max activity level for long

Endothermic “warm-blooded”• Create own body heat

• FAST metabolism allows for:

high activity for extended time

ability to live in variety of environments

• EX: Birds, Mammals

SOURCES

Crab from: http://www.gifs.net

Ant from: http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk

 Clam from: http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm

Anemone from: http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/animals/cnidaria.gif

Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif

Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net

Millipede from: http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/key/images/invertebrates/millipede.jpg

Jellyfish from: http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

Turtle: http://www.50birds.com/images/endttboxturtle.jpg

Tree frog: http://www.dynamicearth.co.uk/education/images/tree_frog.jpg

Bird: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm

Orangutan: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php

Fish from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/trimethylamine/fish.gif

Earthworm : http://www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/CaringfortheEnvironment.29. 4.03/Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg

Crab from: http://www.animation-station.com/fish/index.php?page=2

Snail from: http://www.lucinda.net/surber/graphics/orlovsky.gif

Starfish from: http://www.gifs.net

 All images on this page from: http://www.seaworld.org/AnimalBytes/animal_bytes.html