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Intro to Animals. Animals. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone ) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods. Animals. Vertebrates- Animals with backbones: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals. Characteristics of ALL Animals:. EUKARYOTES. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Intro to
Animals
AnimalsInvertebrates(animals without a backbone)• Porifera• Cnidaria• Worms• Mollusks• Echinoderms• Arthropods
Animals
Vertebrates-Animals with backbones:• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
1. Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles
2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms
3. Are ____________________ made of many cells
4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs
EUKARYOTES
HETEROTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR
SPECIALIZATION
Characteristics of ALL Animals: (cont)
5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger
6. Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code
7. ____________________ Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
MOVE
REPRODUCE
DNA
The 10 Body Systems :
10 Body Systems : (cont)
1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING
(fur, skin, scales, feathers)
INTEGUMENTARY
Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss
10 Body Systems : (cont)
2. _________________Breaks down food to
obtain nutrients &
gets rid of undigested waste
DIGESTIVE
NO OPENINGS:Food enters through skin
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening
Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only in one direction, it allows for organ specialization.(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems : (cont)
3. __________________Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cellsCarries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste
away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________
loose inside body spaces = _______
CIRCULATORY
CLOSEDOPEN
10 Body Systems : (cont)
4. ___________________RESPIRATORY
Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif
Exchange gases with the environment
• take in oxygen •get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)
10 Body Systems : (cont)
5. ___________________
• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells • Help with HOMEOSTASIS (balance)
by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________)
EXCRETORY
OSMOREGULATION
10 Body Systems : (cont)
6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________
SKELETAL
ENDOSKELETONEXOSKELETON
10 Body Systems : (cont)
7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself
OR
move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)
MUSCULAR
10 Body Systems : (cont)
8. _____________________ -
Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________
REPRODUCTIVE
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________
Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________
Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________
External fertilization
Internal fertilization
9. ___________________
Receive sensory infoabout environment & send response signals
NERVOUS
10 Body Systems : (cont)
10. __________________Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals)
ENDOCRINE
10 Body Systems : (cont)
Kinds of SymmetryNo symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
___________________No symmetry
Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.
ASYMMETRY
Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm
_______ Symmetry
Get more than 2 identical halves in several directions.
Radial
___________ SymmetryIf divide animal down
the middle you get 2 mirror images
BUT only divides equally in ONE direction
Bilateral
EMBRYOLOGY
Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes digestive system
1. Where does the BLASTOPORE end up?
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
ANIMALS
Blastopore becomes MOUTH
Blastopore becomes ANUS
ALL INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS
ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS
PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
EMBRYOLOGY ________________ are the “exception to the
rule”!
They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________
Echinoderms
DEUTEROSTOMES
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their
embryos.
Endoderm: Digestive system,respiratory
Mesoderm: Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory
Ectoderm: Outer skin, brain, nervoussystem
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
GERM LAYERS
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)
No cavity (space) around organs
1. ACOELOM = “without space”
FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!
Types of Coeloms (cont)
Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side
(lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
2. PSEUDOCOELOM
ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!
EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
3. EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
Types of Coeloms (cont)
EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES
3 Types of Coeloms
ectodermmesodermendoderm
ACOELOMPSEUDOCOELOM
EUCOELOM
Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):
In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells
Provides space for internal organs
Which way is up?
ANTERIORhead end POSTERIOR
tail end
DORSAL (top)
VENTRAL(underneath)
CAUDAL (tail)
Aboral
PlantarAway from the mouth in
organisms with no distinct front or back sides.
________________
Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs
in anterior end of an organism (head area)
CEPHALIZATION