Intro to diabetes service case study€¦ · IMM-8 F06, HCI – Intro to diabetes service case study – Christian Fischer 3 Prevalence of diabetes 1/3 • Denmark (estimates) –

1IMM-8 F06, HCI – Intro to diabetes service case study – Christian Fischer

Intro to diabetes servicecase study


What is diabetes?

• Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus - DM) – Chronic condition where the body is unable to keep the

blood glucose levels within approx. [4-7mmol/L]

• 2 different major types– Type-1: Auto-immune. No/low ins production (+resist)– Type-2: Lifestyle disease. Ins resistance+low production

• Latent DM– Higher than normal BG levels, but not diagnosed as DM

• Complications by prolonged hypers– Eyes, nerves, kidneys, circulatory, infections etc.


Prevalence of diabetes 1/3

• Denmark (estimates)– 3,8% of pop. -> 200.000 diabetics (2002) [1]– 180.000 Type-2 + 20.000 Type-1 (2002) [1]

• Western world:– 33,33 -> 47 million from year 2000 -> 2030 [2]

• Worldwide (estimates)– (’85,30mill),(’95,135mill),(’00,171mill),(’30,366mill) [2]– Attributable to DM late complications

• 3,2 million deaths/year; 6 deaths/min. (2004) [2]• One in 20 deaths in total (2004) [2]

[1] J. E. Henriksen and H. Beck-Nielsen, Generelt om sukkersyge (Diabetes)www.netdoktor.dk/sygdomme/fakta/diabetes.htm. Updated 1. 11. 2002

[2] World Health Organization – WHO – Diabetes Action Now, www.who.int/en

http://www.netdoktor.dk/sygdomme/fakta/diabetes.htm. Updated 1. 11. 2002



Source: World Health Organization – WHO



Source: World Health Organization – WHO, www.who.int/en

http://www.who.int/en


Costs of diabetes

• Monitoring and treatment– Denmark: Approx. 6% of health budget (2002) [1]– Denmark: Approx. 335 million Euro/year (2002) [1]– USA: 44 billion US$ in direct costs (1997) [2]– USA: 54 billion US$ in indirect costs (1997) [2]

• Overall– Direct costs: ~2,5-15%/yr health care budgets (2002)[2]– Indirect costs: Up to 5 times direct costs (2002)[3]

[1] J. E. Henriksen and H. Beck-Nielsen, Generelt om sukkersyge (Diabetes)www.netdoktor.dk/sygdomme/fakta/diabetes.htm

[2] World Health Organization – WHO, www.who.int/en[3] Estimates derived by WHO from 25 Latin American countries (www.who.int/en)

http://www.who.int/en


End user profiles

• Health care professionals

• Diabetic end-users– Different stages in life: Children, teens, adults, elderly– Different levels of IT knowledge– Different educational background– Different levels of interest in disease management– Different cultures, religions and traditions– Common: Diabetes


Diabetes service objectives

• Improve disease self-management for end-user• Postpone late complications• ”Normalize” the everyday life• Lower intangible personal costs

• Promote public understanding of diabetes

• Lower direct costs on national health budgets• Lower indirect costs


Diabetes management data

• Service must support– Blood glucose concentration [mmol/L] (time stamped)– Insulin [0,01mL units] (time stamped)

• Insulin type: Short, long, mix

• Service should support– Carbohydrate intake [g] (time stamped)– Messaging for contact to clinic

• Service could support– Physical excercise [min.] (time stamped)– Alcohol intake [g] (time stamped)– Endocrinological factors, pregnancy, stress, sleep– Warning features


User centered workshop 1/2

Team workDifferent viewpointsBuild common metaphors

Be creative – think differentBe open mindedBuild visions


User centered workshop 2/2

New ideas, conceptsservices

Presentations andplenum discussion


Vision from workshop

Inter-connection

Patient’sP-PAN

Doctor’s PANHome

Diabetescommunity

Health care clinic

Care taker

IBG-Meter

IM-Device

II-Pen

VR-DeviceHome

PAN

Health care clinicPAN


Design activities

Use cases → User requirements → Technical requirements

Information sourceUser workshopsExpert workshopsInterviewsSurvey

Scenarios of system usage

System prototype


Current R&D at AAU

• Existing AAU research and development– Diabetes advisory system (Dias)– Bayesian network model of carb. Metabolism– Interpolate and forecast blood glucose concentration– Pilot usage in Bournemouth (UK) and Fr. Havn (DK)– Complementary prototypes

• Web based prototype• Mobile prototype


Web based prototype


Mobile prototype


End user equipment


A few HCI issues

• Mobile HCI– Small screen for presenting information– Lack of traditional keyboard and mouse– Changing and disturbing external physical environment– Network range, connectivity and transfer rates

• Diverse end-user population– Identifying suitable usability goals, user experience

goals and design principles


Interacting with machines canbe a tough job…

Intro to diabetes service�case studyWhat is diabetes?Prevalence of diabetes 1/3Prevalence of diabetes 2/3Prevalence of diabetes 3/3Costs of diabetesEnd user profilesDiabetes service objectivesDiabetes management dataUser centered workshop 1/2User centered workshop 2/2Vision from workshop Design activitiesCurrent R&D at AAUWeb based prototypeMobile prototypeEnd user equipmentA few HCI issuesInteracting with machines can be a tough job…

Documents

Intro to diabetes service case study€¦ · IMM-8 F06, HCI – Intro to diabetes service case study – Christian Fischer 3 Prevalence of diabetes 1/3 • Denmark (estimates) –