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INTRO TO NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Recall
§ Where is the nucleus located in an atom?§ In the center
§ What subatomic particles are located within the nucleus?§ Protons & neutrons
§ What are isotopes?§ Atoms of the same element with a different mass number;
same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Nucleons & Nuclides§ Protons & Neutrons = Nucleons
§ Bound together by powerful strong forces
§ Nuclide: atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons§ 271 stable nuclides in nature, others are radioactive
Radioactive Isotopes§ Radionuclide: unstable isotope that undergoes
nuclear decay
§ Spontaneously emit particles and energy from the nucleus
§ Radioactivity: the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus with accompanying radiation
§ Different isotopes may undergo different nuclear reactions§ Matter is converted to energy & huge
amounts of energy are released
Fission & FusionFission
§ Nuclear reaction that releases energy as a result of splitting a large nuclei into smaller ones
§ Used by nuclear power plants to produce energy
Fusion§ Nuclear reaction that releases energy
as a result of the union of smaller nuclei to form larger ones
§ Requires very high temperatures
Types of Radioactive Decay
§ Alpha
§ Beta§ Gamma
§ Alpha Decay, a§ Emission of alpha particles§ Nucleus breaks up into two chunks
§ Helium nuclei ( 24 He )
§ Beta Decay b§ A neutron is suddenly converted into a proton§ Nucleus creates and releases an electron from the atom to
counterbalance the positive charge gained à positron
§ Gamma Decay g§ Nucleus emits radiation without changing the nuclear composition§ Electromagnetic energy is released§ Very high energy; most dangerous sources of radiation
Nuclear Stability
§ Stability depends on the neutron to proton ratio§ Increases as atomic number
increases
What is Nuclear Energy?
What is nuclear energy?
(https://www.nationalgeographic.org/video/what-nuclear-energy/)
Applications of Radioactive Isotopes
§ Nuclear power plants
§ Medical diagnosis and treatment
§ Carbon dating
§ Synthesis of new elements
§ Irradiation of foods– preserves food & destroys parasites
§ Nuclear weapons (atomic bombs and H bombs)
What were some positiveuses for nuclear energy?
What were some negativeuses for nuclear energy?
Nuclear Energy: Friend or Foe?§ Choose a side: Nuclear Energy: Friend or Foe? Are there more
advantages or disadvantages in nuclear energy use?
§ In groups of no more than 3, you will research and create an informative poster with the advantages or disadvantages of nuclear energy
§ Your poster should include:§ What nuclear energy is§ Your claim (For or Against)§ Reasoning with at least 3 specific evidences to support your claim§ Cite sources on back of poster§ At least 3 images related to the topic
Should also be:- Informative!- Neat and organized!- Creative!
Good starting resource: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/nuclear-energy/