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Introduction toIntroduction to
PhilosophyPhilosophy
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Philosophy a word which comesPhilosophy a word which comes
from the Greek:from the Greek: philo sophiaphilo sophia
philo means lovephilo means lovesophia means wisdomsophia means wisdom
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The love of wisdomThe love of wisdom
What does that mean?What does that mean?
Well if you love a person aWell if you love a person ado! or a "ook son! ordo! or a "ook son! or
movie what does lovin!movie what does lovin!
mean?mean?
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Pytha!oras was the
ancient Greek
philosopher and
mathematician who
#some say$ coined thisword% &e added that
humans can't "e wise%
(nly the !ods are wise%)ut we can "e lovers of
#or friends of$ wisdom%
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lovin! wisdom has somethin! tolovin! wisdom has somethin! to
do with en*oyin! it !ettin! todo with en*oyin! it !ettin! to
know it understandin! it a littleknow it understandin! it a little"it sharin! it with others"it sharin! it with others
protectin! itprotectin! it
and "enefittin! from it%and "enefittin! from it%
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Philosophy can "e done
or it can "e studied or
"oth% +s with musicyou can study it and you
can play it% ,ou should do
"oth of course%
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Philosophy can be compared to
other subjects: science,
religion, poetry and literature,
psychology, logic,
religion and cooking.
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To "e !ood at cookin!
you must do itand also study it%
They feed on eachother%
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-cience you can "e a scientist and you-cience you can "e a scientist and you
can study science% -cience as we usuallycan study science% -cience as we usually
think of it seeks to learn a"out nature%think of it seeks to learn a"out nature%.oin! science is askin! /uestions and.oin! science is askin! /uestions and
findin! answers to those /uestions a"outfindin! answers to those /uestions a"out
nature%nature%
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Poetry: you can study it andPoetry: you can study it and
you can do it% That is you canyou can do it% That is you can
write poetry% What is poetrywrite poetry% What is poetry
a"out? What do you think?a"out? What do you think?
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In doin! poetry you are a"le toIn doin! poetry you are a"le to
e0press your thou!hts ande0press your thou!hts and
feelin!s a"out anythin!feelin!s a"out anythin!whatsoever% Is it necessarilywhatsoever% Is it necessarily
wisdom? Is it science? 1ouldwisdom? Is it science? 1ouldit "e either of these?it "e either of these?
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Cooking: you can study it, andCooking: you can study it, andyou can do it.you can do it.
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-o how does philosophy
differ from these other
su"*ects?
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Science, religions,Science, religions,music, poems, and cookingmusic, poems, and cooking
each have a fairly welleach have a fairly wellknown subject matter.known subject matter.But what is the subjectBut what is the subject
mattermatterof philosophy?of philosophy?
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We could say that philosophys subjecmatter is simply a deeper understandof those other subjects it is tryingunderstand the foundations of any andsubjects. The foundations what a
+ foundation that which+ foundation that which
comes first and supports allcomes first and supports all
the rest%the rest%
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We mean theideas, the
concepts, thedefinitions
andassumptions
which are thestarting
points andthe contet
of e!erything
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Honesty is good
and so is generosity.
Courage and unselfishness
are good.
But what do you mean by good ?
Is goodness real can you see it or smell it or weigh it?
Is it only a bunch of rules made up by human beingsto control each other, or to bring some kind of
peace and harmony
to their lives?
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A movie is good what does that mean?
A cheese sandwich is good.
And so was Mother Theresa.
A clean floor is good and so is football.
So, what does good mean?
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QuickTime and a
decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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What is technology?
Why do we want it?
When is it good for us?
When is it harmful?
Is there a point of diminishing returns?
Can we ever refuse to use some technologies?
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The sciences what do they study?
Nature the universe, the atoms, animals, plants,and bugs and fish and birds and microbes.
Throw in featherless bipeds (man and woman) and
society and politics and economy
What are the foundations of science?
Thats where philosophy comes in.
What is Nature? and how can we go about
discovering things about it? If we look
through a telescope or a microscope,
how do we know what it is
we are looking at?
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ReligionsReligions Define God, the soul, Nirvana,
Brahman, Tao, Tien.Do any of these actually exist?
Is there an after-life?
What does salvation mean indifferent religions?
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