Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Home Link of Mobile IPv6 based Networks Jahanzeb Faizan, Mohamed Khalil, and Hesham El-Rewini Parallel, Distributed,

Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Home Link of Mobile IPv6 based in Home Link of Mobile IPv6 based

NetworksNetworks

Jahanzeb Faizan, Mohamed Khalil, and Hesham El-Rewini

Parallel, Distributed, And Mobile Computing Lab (PDA Mobile Lab)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

SMUDallas, TX, USA

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Copyright © 2005 PDA Mobile Lab Proprietary and Confidential

Outline Introduction Problem Statement Related Work VHARP Home Link Reliability and Load

Balancing Simulation Results Summary


Why Mobile IP ? Seamless Roaming Reachable while Roaming No Connection Loss Roaming across different Technologies Voice and Data Services


IETF Mobile IP Main Idea

Arbitrary Topology of Routers and

Links

Home Agent

Mobile Host at Home

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Mobile Host visitingA foreign subnet

Home subnet

Foreign subnet

Foreign subnet


Introduction to Mobile IPv6

Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3

Home Address ::129.MN.Home

DHCP

Foreign Network

Care-of Address ::190.MN.COA

Internet Edge Router

Introduction to Mobile IPv6

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Mobile IPv6 – HA Failure

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Home Link Failure

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#1: Delayed Failure Detection

Detection Time =1 + 2 + 4 + 8 +16 +32 =63 sec

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6

Number of Registration messages = 6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#2: Service Interruption

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#3: Re-establishment of IPsec SAs

IKE Messages

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6

Number of IKEv2 messages = 4 to 6Number of IKEv2 messages = 4 to 6


Home Link

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#4: Multiple Registrations

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#5: Failure of Home Link

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#6: Unsuccessful Home Link Failure Detection and Message Overhead

Detection Time =1 + 2 + 4 + 8 +16 +32 =63 sec

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6

Number of Registration messages = 6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#7: Service Interruption

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network



Problem#8: Forced Home Registrations with all Home Agents

DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6


Home Link

HA1

HA2

HA3


Foreign Network


Internet Edge Router DHCP

HA4

HA5

HA6

Problem#9: Extra Workload on Mobile Node Failure Detection Finding available HAs IPSec SAs Re-establishment Multiple Registrations Latency


Our Solutions

Link Level

Virtual Home Agent Reliability Protocol – VHARP

Home Agent Reliability

Home Agent Load Balancing

Network Level

Virtual Home Link – VHoL

Home Link Reliability

Home Link Load Balancing


Big Picture

IPv6

MIP6

VHARPVHARP

VHoLVHoL

VHoNVHoN

Our Work


Where does it fit?

Physical/Data Link

IPv6 MIP6

Applications

TCP/UDPIPv6

MIP6

VHARPVHARP

VHoLVHoL

VHoNVHoNOur Work


Related WorkSolution Protocol Load

BalancingApproach

Service Interruptio

n

Messageoverhead

Extra Load on

Mobile Node

Home Agent Redundancy and Load Balancing in Mobile IPv6

Mobile IPv6 MN initiated Not Solved Not Solved Not Solved

Inter Home Agents Protocol (HAHA) Mobile IPv6 MN initiated Not Solved Not Solved Not Solved

Load Balance for Distributed HomeAgents in Mobile IPv6

Mobile IPv6 MN initiated Not Solved Not Solved Not Solved

Fault Tolerant Mobile IP Mobile IPv4 Static Not Solved Not Solved Not Solved

Home Agent Redundancy in Mobile IP Mobile IPv4 MN initiated Not Solved Not Solved Not Solved

Virtual Distributed Home Agent Protocol

(VDHAP)

Mobile IPv4 HA initiated Solved Solved Solved


VHARP

Virtual Home Agent Reliability Protocol…..


VHARP Architecture

Home Link

LinkLocal1

HA1

LinkLocal2

HA2

LinkLocal3

HA3

LinkLocal4

HA4

LinkLocal5

HA5

LinkLocaln

HAn

DHCP

Foreign Network


IPv6 Tunnel

Global HA Global HA addressaddress

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node


Home Agent State Transition

Inactive

Active

Backup


Exclusive Services1. Registration2. De-Registration3. Global HA address Ownership4. Stateful Address Autoconfiguration5. Dynamic HA Address Discovery6. IKE

Binding Cache{1-N}

Front EndProcess

1. Proxy for Mobile Node 2. Tunneling 3. Reverse Tunneling4. Return Routability support5. Prefix Discovery6. Intercepting and Forwarding7. Multicast Packets Forwarding/Processing8. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery9. IPv6 Routing10. IPsec SA Synchronization11. Binding Synchronization12. IPsec Authentication13. Active_HA_Recovery14. Backup_HA_Recovery

Services

Binding Cache{0-N}

Front EndProcess

Active HA

Backup HA1. Proxy for Mobile Node 2. Tunneling 3. Reverse Tunneling4. Return Routability support5. Prefix Discovery6. Intercepting and Forwarding7. Multicast Packets Forwarding/Processing8. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery9. IPv6 Routing10. Binding Synchronization11. IPsec Authentication12. Active_HA_Recovery13. Backup_HA_Recovery

Services

Binding Cache{0}

Front EndProcess

1. Intercepting and Forwarding2. Multicast Packets

Forwarding/Processing3. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery4. IPv6 Routing5. IPsec Authentication6. Active_HA_Recovery

ServicesInactive HA


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6

Link ::129.119.1.7

Home address ::129.MN.Home

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.Glob::129.Globalal

VHARP Registration Process


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3


VHARP Registration Process


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



Binding Update

Src IP = ::190.MN.COA

Dst IP = ::129.Global

IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3



Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

MN Context Update Request

Home address = ::129.MN.Home

Care-of address= ::190.MN.COA

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3



Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

Request Acknowledged

MN Context Update Reply::129.Glob::129.Glob

alal


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

Binding Acknowledgment

Src IP = ::129.Global

Dst IP = ::190.MN.COA



Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3


BindingOwnerInfo (multicast)

Home Address= ::129.MN.Home


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3


Neighbor Advertisement (multicast)Target IP

address= ::129.MN.Home

Target LL IP address= ::129.119.1.1


VHARP

Fault Detection and Redcovery


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel



Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel



Home Link

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2



Home Link

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.4

HA4



Home Link

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.4

HA4



::129.119.1.5

HA5

Home Link

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.2

HA2



VHARP

Home Agent Load Balancing


Overloading Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Home Link

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel

::129.119.1.1

HA1



Data Delivery


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel


CNMN (Case:1) – HA1 is the least loaded HA


Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel




Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel




MN to CN Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel


MNCN (Case:1) – HA1 is the least loaded HA


MN to CN Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel




Home Link

::129.119.1.1

HA1

::129.119.1.2

HA2

::129.119.1.3

HA3

::129.119.1.4

HA4

::129.119.1.5

HA5

::129.119.1.6

HA6


DHCP

Foreign Network



IPv6 Tunnel




Home Link Reliability…..


Architecture Anycast address



Internet

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

Prim

ary

Link

Secondary Link-

1

Secondary Link-

n

Global HA address -1

Global HA address -2

Global HA address -N

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Registration



Internet

::129.Global::129.Global11

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3Binding Update

Src IP = ::190.MN.COA

Dst IP = anycast

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

Anycast address


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

Registration


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

HA1 HA4HA3HA2

Binding Acknowledgment

Src IP = anycast

Dst IP = ::190.MN.COA

Registration


Failure DetectionAnycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3

Failure Detection


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-3

Failure Detection


Failure RecoveryAnycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn



Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn



Secondary Link-2

Secondary Link-3

Failure Recovery


Anycast address



Internet

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn



Primary Link- 1

Secondary Link-3

Failure Recovery


Home Link Load Balancing…..


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Prim

ary

Link

- 1

Secondary Link-2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3

Overloaded Primary Link


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3

Switch to New Primary Link


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Data Delivery


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3

Case1: CN MN

HA2 on Primary Link -2 is the Serving HA of MN


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3

Case1: CN MN

HA1 on Secondary Link -3 is now the Serving HA of MN


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Anycast address



Internet


Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

HA1 HA2

HAn

HA1 HA2

HAn


Seco

ndar

y Li

nk-1

Primary Link - 2

HA1 HA2

HAn


Secondary Link-3


Simulation Results ......


VHoL Network Model


Home Link Failure Detection and Home Link Failure Detection and Recovery Message ExchangeRecovery Message Exchange


Home Registration Message Home Registration Message ExchangeExchange


Home Registration TimeHome Registration Time


Service Interruption in Voice Over IPService Interruption in Voice Over IP


Service Availability for Mobile Service Availability for Mobile Applications - Voice over IP Applications - Voice over IP


Average Load on each HAAverage Load on each HAVHoL – Primary Link

VHoL – Secondary Link

VHARP


Load Distribution among the Home Load Distribution among the Home LinksLinks


Workload on the MN during Failure Detection, Recovery and Load Balancing


Outcome of our Work Solution to the Mobile IPv6 Reliability Problems Reliable Mobile IPv6 Operations Single Virtual Home Agent and Home Link view Transparent Home Agent and Home Link Failure Detection and

Recovery Mechanisms. One Time MN Home Registration. One Time IPSec SA Establishment Significant Reduction in Message Exchange over the Air Interface. High Service Availability in the Upper Layer Applications. Reduced Workload on the Mobile Node. Efficient, Dynamic and Transparent Load Balancing among multiple

Home Agents and Home Links. Improved overall Mobile IPv6 and Upper Layer Applications

Performance.


SummaryPerformanceMeasure Mobile IPv6 VHARP VHoL

Service interruption during failuredetection, recovery and load balancing

Yes Yes No

Failure detection and recovery message exchange

Not able to detect Home Link failure. For each MN, 6 packetswere exchanged per Home Linkfailure detection and recoveryattempt on the air interface.

Not able to detect HomeLink failure. For each MN,6 packets were exchanged per Home Link failuredetection and recoveryattempt on the air interface.

Successful Home Link failure detection and recovery. Exchanged only 2 packets per Home Link failure detection and recovery attempt in the HomeNetwork. No message exchangedover the air interface.

Load distribution among the Home Links

Not applicable, since there is no support for multiple Home Links

Not applicable, since there is no support for multipleHome Links

Primary and Secondary Links share the total load. Load on the Primary Link is more than Secondary Links.

Load distribution among the HAs Not applicable Fair Fair

Workload on the MN Increased MN Workload Increased MN workload No effect on the MN Workload


For more information1. IETF Draft: J. Faizan, H. El-Rewini, and M. Khalil, “Mobile IPv6 Home

Agent Reliability Problem Statement.”

2. IETF Draft: J. Faizan, H. El-Rewini, and M. Khalil, “Virtual Home Agent Reliability Protocol(VHARP).”

3. Faizan, J., El-Rewini, H. and M. Khalil, “Virtual Home Agent Reliability Protocol – Implementation Details,” Southern Methodist University, Technical Report (04-CSE-03), May 2005.

4. J. Faizan, H. El-Rewini, and M. Khalil, “VHARP: Virtual Home Agent Reliability Protocol for Mobile IPv6 based Networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Wireless Networks, Communications, and Mobile Computing, Hawaii, June 13-16, 2005.

5. J. Faizan, H. El-Rewini, and M. Khalil, “Efficient Dynamic Load Balancing for Multiple Home Agents in Mobile IPv6 based Networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Pervasive Services 2005, Santorini, Greece, July 11-14, 2005

6. J. Faizan, H. El-Rewini, and M. Khalil, “Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Mobile IPv6 based Networks,” submitted to Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Wiely.


Thank You

Documents

Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Home Link of Mobile IPv6 based Networks Jahanzeb Faizan, Mohamed Khalil, and Hesham El-Rewini Parallel, Distributed,