Introduction of Petroleum Industry - Pdkhanh.pptx

8/11/2019 Introduction of Petroleum Industry - Pdkhanh.pptx

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Exploration Evaluation Drilling

Completion Production Separation

Treatment Transport Refining

Treatment Transport End Users


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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry

Team Effort

Capital Cost

Operating Cost

Production Rate

Cycle Time

RiskReserves


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Petroleum Engineering:RE - Reservoir EngineeringPT - Production Technology

DGP - Development Geophysics

DGL - Development Geology

RCV - Reservoir Characterisation

& Visualisation

PP - Petrophysics

TC&DM - Technical Computing

& Data Management

Facilities Engineering & Prod. Operations:FE - Facilities Engineering

PO - Production Operations

ME - Marine Engineering

PE - Process EngineeringSE - Subsea Engineering

Exploration:

EGP - Exploration Geophysics

EGL - Exploration Geology

TC&DM - Technical Computing

& Data Management

EPM - Exploration Portfolio Mgmt

Information Technology:

TA - Technical ApplicationsDM - Data Management

IS - Information Systems

AP - Architecture & Planning

Drilling:DO - Drilling Operations

DT - Drilling Technology

Functions and Disciplines


5/49Introduction to the Petroleum Industry

Presentat ion Outl ine

Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Disciplines

Development Geophysics and Geology

Petrophysics

Reservoir Engineering

Drilling Engineering

Production Technology (well completion)

Facilities Engineering and Production Operations

Economic Evaluation

Facilities

Wells

Reservoirs

Management



Reservoir

Engineering

(fluid flow)

Drilling &

Production

Engineering

(Facilities)

Petrophysics

(rocks)

EconomicEvaluation

Computing

Petroleum

Geoscience

(development)

Petroleum

Engineering

Management

Development

Geology&

Geophysics

(seismic)



Organisation of Petroleum Engineering

Exploration Facilities EngPetroleum Eng Operations

Specialists

Develo

pmentGeophysics

Deve

lopmentGeology

Petrophysics

Rese

rvoirEngineering

ProductionEngineering

EconomicEvaluation

Drilling Production

Planning Function


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Project

PhaseField

FeasibilityStudy

ProjectImplementation

FieldManagement

FieldOperation

EngineeringEnhancements

Appraisal

Major

Functions

Primary Project

Goals

Offshore Petroleum Development - Major E&P Phases

Project

Management

Exploration

Asset

Teams

Development

Asset

Teams

ProductionAsset

Teams

Appraisal

Resource

Teams

Discovery

Primary

Secondary

Exploration

PetroleumEngineering

Petroleum &Facilities Eng

Exploration

Engineering

PetroleumEngineeringProduction

Engineering

OperationsFacilities

Discovery ofSubstantial

Hydrocarbons

ProvingSufficientVolumes

OptimumDevelopmentPlan & Design

Efficient

MaximisingNet Present Value(Production & Reserves)

ProjectConstruction

Facilities


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The Search for and Development of Hydrocarbons

Chronological Sequence (1)

Geology

andGeophysics

Drilling and

Operations Engineering

Petrophysics

Production Geology /

Seismology

Economics

Production Technology


Select a concession

Select a locationFind new Hydrocarbons

Drill and test wells safety

and efficiently

Evaluate the formation and quantity the amount of HC

near the well

Interpret and extrapolate the well data to describe the

reservoir

Check whether the venture is economically justified

Design well completions and artificial lift systems

Identify development options and predict recovery

Ap

praisal

Exploration

Discover

Hydrocarbons

Evaluateth

eDiscoveryfor

CommercialDevelopment


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Engineering

Economics

Engineering

Drilling and

Operations Engineering

Production Geology /Petrophysics

Production Operations



Estimate facilities costs eg. platforms, plant, pipelines

Select the most profitable development option

Design and construct facilities

Drill and complete wells safety and efficiently

Plan and evaluate wellsUpdate the reservoir model if required

Operate and maintain wells and surface facilities

Optimise production performance

Advise on chemical aspects of production

Monitor reservoir performance

Identify means to improve recovery

Production

Development

i)Planning

Pr

oduce

Hydrocarbons

Some of the disciplines involved in the discovery and exploitation of a hydrocarbon accumulation.

ii)Execution

The Search for and Development of Hydrocarbons

Chronological Sequence (2)


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Exploration


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Accumulation Conditions for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

1. Kitchen

- Hydrocarbon Generation

- Migration

2. Trap

- Container (including Seal)

3. Reservoir Rock

- Reasonable Flow Properties


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Hydrocarbon Generation vs Depth

Depth range

km

.5

2

3.5

5

2

4

6

8

Min

imum

Max

imum

Averag

eDepth(km)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Generation Intensity

Biogenic

Methane

Wet Gas

Methane

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

600 500 400 300 200 100

Cano-

zoic

MesozoicPaleozoic

Immature

Oil Generation

Gas Generation

PresentFormationTemperature(

oC)

Time(millions of years from present)

Oil


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Basic Hydrocarbon Traps

Unconformity Trap

Anticlinal Trap

Fault Trap

Buried Reef

Pinch Out

Grading Trap

Sand Lens

Salt Dome Traps

Unconformity

Surface

Sub-Salt

Sediment Truncation

Anhydrite


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You cant win em all ! My Reputation !


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Development Geology


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Development Geoscience Study Path

Seismic

Survey

Sections

Time Map

SeismicDepth Map

IsochoreMap

StructureMap

SedimentModel

RegionalGeology

Pressure DataWell Performance

Logs Cores

WellCorrelation Description Analysis

Petrophysics

Evaluation

Pal Data Log Shape

Output

Reservoir Geological Model

Interp

retation

D

ata

Sources


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Framework Construction

Permeability RealisationPorosity Realisation

Facies Model Construction

Hing-1

Und-4

Und-2

Und-1

Trulek-1

Und-3

Bayu-1

Bayu-3

Bayu-2

Bayu-4

Mistral-1

Bayu-5

Hing-1

Und-4

Und-2

Und-1

Trulek-1

Und-3

Bayu-1

Bayu-3

Bayu-2

Bayu-4

Mistral-1

Bayu-5

Hing-1

Und-4

Und-2

Und-1

Trulek-1

Und-3

Bayu-1

Bayu-3

Bayu-2

Bayu-4

Bayu-5

Geological Modelling


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Development Geophysics

S i i R di


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Typical Marine 2D Seismic Acquisition Configuration

Seismic Recording


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05-DH-4P

AUGUST 1994 AREA MAP

BASEMENT DEPTH

(3D SEISMIC)

LEGEND

meter ss

JANUARY 1993 AREA MAP

BASEMENT DEPTH

(2D SEISMIC)

DAI HUNG

OIL FIELD

DAI HUNG-3

2700

8 30'N8 30'N

2km0

3200

3400

3600

3800

3600

3800

4000

3300

3400

3600

3800

4000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4100

3000

3100

3200

3600

3800

4000

3400

3600

3800

4000

4000

DAI HUNG-1

DAI HUNG-2


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Petrophysics


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Test Results

Fluid Properties

Pressures

Core

Lithology

Porosity

Permeability

Mudlogs

Measurement

While Drilling

Indications

Resistivity

Wireline

Logs

Resistivity

Radioactivity

Density

Sonic Velocity

Hydrogen Content

Geology

Lithology

Stratigraphy

Petrophysics

Lithology

Porosity

Hydrocarbon Saturation

Net Reservoir ThicknessPermeability

Oil In-Place

Petrophysics


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What is logging?

electrical sensors orsondes

measure properties of rockand wellbore

logsare the physicalrecord of thesemeasurements

logs are now recorded ontape, but are generally stillpresented on paper

Petrophysical Engineering


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Reservoir?

T.D.

Shale

Dolomite

Anhydrite

Limestone

Rock Salt

Sandstone

Clay/Marl No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Locate the Reservoir

Petrophysical Engineering

Petrophysical Analysis - Example


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CarbonatesCarbonates

Sand 0

Sand 1

Sand 2

Sand 3

Sand 4

Sand 5

Sand 6

Net = 44.7 mTV, Por= 18.0 %

Sw= 39%

EHC = 4.96 mTV

Net = 27.1 mTV, Por= 17.6 %

Sw= 38 %

EHC = 2.94 mTV

Net = 27.7 mTV, Por= 22.8 %

Sw= 19 %

EHC = 5.09 mTV

Net = 33.0 mTV, Por= 22.1 %

Sw= 22 %

EHC = 5.73 mTV

Net = 25.8 mTV, Por= 20.3 %

Sw= 29 %

EHC = 3.70 mTV

Net = 11.9 mTV, Por= 20.1 %

Sw= 30 %

EHC = 1.66 mTV

Net =14.8 mTV, Por= 21.8 %

Sw= 31 %

EHC = 2.23 mTV

Net = 45.1 mTV, Por= 17.7 %

Sw= 44 %

EHC = 4.29 mTV

Petrophysical Analysis - Example


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What is Reservoir Engineering?

The Reservoir Engineer:

Takes:

Applies:

with the:

Objective:

In practice:

data from many sources

the properties of rocks and fluids in reservoir simulation

models (also wells and surface systems)

of Optimisation of Hydrocarbon Ultimate Recovery (UR)

Reservoir Engineering provides:

PROPOSALS

and

PREDICTIONS

for

Well Numbers, Types, Locations, Rates


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Common sense is a gift of God - the engineer has onlytechnical training!

S b f D l Pl d R i Si l i


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Introduction to the Petroleum Industrypage 22

Well Plan Production Profile

and Reserves

Production Policy

and ReservoirManagement

Number of wellsWell Type

Location

Subsurface Development Plan and Reservoir Simulation


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Horizontal Well Types


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Horizontal Well Types

LONG

RADIUS

100 - 600m

400 - 1200m

600 - 1800m

MEDIUM

RADIUS

SHORT

RADIUS

2 - 6 / 30m

900 - 300m RADIUS

o

6 - 60 / 30m

300 - 30m RADIUS

o

60 - 150 / 30m

30 - 12m RADIUS

o

Reference:

Oil and Gas Journal

11-March-1996 (OGJ Spec ial)


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Reference: World Oil / July 1996 Page 68 Source: Philip C. Crouse and Associates, Inc. - 1996 * Estimate

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996*0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Year

Numb

erofWells

Worldwide Horizontal Well Statistics

Multi-lateral Wells


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Technological progress similar to horizontal

wells

Completion technology is in its infancy

Expensive and complex in most instances

Should be evaluated on ENPV basis

Higher risk (than conventional

vertical/deviated wells)

Identifying selectively requirements is the key

Improved Recovery Increased wellbore to reservoir contact

Intersect more fractures

Improve gravity drainage

Reduce gas and water migration

Lower Cost/Barrel Well construction (one main wellbore)

Surface equipment (small platform, fewer

wellheads)


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Production Engineering

and Technology


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Production Geology Petrophysics

Drilling Engineering Reservoir Engineering

Subsea Engineering


Facilities Engineering

Production System


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Gas

Tank Gas

(Low Pressure)

removed

Stock Tank

Pressure

Reservoir Pressure

Oil produced

as Single

Phase

Bottom Hole

Pressure

High Pressure

Gas removed

Choke

(Bean)

Flowline

Pressure

Tubing Head

Pressure

Wellhead Separator Stock-Tank

Gas

Oil

Oil

Oil Zone

y

Reservoir

Well


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Petroleum Engineering Responsibilities

Reservoir

Characterisation

Reservoir

Development

Geophysics

Geology

Petrophysics

Production

Technology

Reservoir

Engineering

Petroleum

Economics

- Large Scal Description

- Large Scale Description

- Localised Quantification

- Well Matters

- Development Proposals

and Predictions

- Profitability

DEVELOPMENT PLAN


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Facilities Engineering

and


Basis of Design


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Basis of Design

Well Plan- number of wells

- location of Wells- type of wells (e.g. injector)

Fluid Production and Processing- type of fluids and properties

(corrosive?)- maximum capacities (oil, gas,

water)- temperature and pressure

(wellhead, separator)

Life of Field (Production)

Facilities EngineersProduction Engineers

North Rankin Offshore Facilities


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Kingfish A Platform - Bass Strait


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g

Dai Hung Semi-submersible Transport


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g p


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Economic Evaluation

Economics


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(Planning & Evaluation)

Reservoir EngineeringProduction Profiles

Planning & EvaluationExploration Prospect Evaluation

Project Evaluation

Business Planning

MarketingCrude Differentials

FinanceLong Range Financial Forecasts

eg. oil price, inflationexchange rates, etc

ManagementRecommendations



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Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Disciplines

Development Geophysics and Geology

Petrophysics



Production Technology (well completion)

Facilities Engineering and Production Operations

Economic Evaluation

Facilities

Wells

Reservoirs

Management

Never Under-estimate the Importance of People


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Management


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References- Department Library

- Some VietNamese reports of PetroVietNam

- scholar.google.com

E d


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End

Thank you!

Documents

Introduction of Petroleum Industry - Pdkhanh.pptx