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Introduction to
Business Research Method Week 01
W. Rofianto, ST, MSi
11--22
A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, anddisseminating relevant business data, information, and insights todecision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take
Business Research Defined
decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to takeappropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize businessperformance
11--33
Business research provides
information to guide business
decisions
Why Study Business Research?
“Enterprises have long recognized the need to better sense and respondto business change. What’s different today is that ubiquitous access toinformation and real-time communications have fostered an ‘always on’business culture where decision making has become a ‘just-in-time process.’”
Business Performance Management Forum
The primary purpose of research isto reduce the level of risk of abusiness decision.
Computing Power and Speed
Lower-cost
Data
CollectionBetter
Visualization
Tools
Integration of
Data
Real-time
Access
Factors
Powerful
Computation
ToolsData
11--55
Business Decisions and Research
Häagen-Dazs Tactics
�Super premium
�Dozens of flavors
�Small packages
�Signature colors on packaging
�Available in franchise and �Available in franchise and grocery stores
Information Sources
Decision Support Systems
� Numerous elements of data organized for retrieval and use in business decision making
Business Intelligence Systems
� Ongoing information collection
� Focused on events, business decision making
� Stored and retrieved via
� Intranets
� Extranets
� Focused on events, trends in micro and macro-environments
11--77
Research May Not Be Necessary
Can It Pass These Tests?�Can information be applied to a critical decision?
�Will the information improve managerial decision making?
�Are sufficient resources available?�Are sufficient resources available?
11--88
The Business Research Process
11--99
Characteristics of Good Research
Clearly defined purpose
Detailed research process
Thoroughly planned design
High ethical standards
Limitations addressed
Adequate analysis
Unambiguous presentation
Conclusions justified
Credentials
Two Categories of Research
Applied Basic (Pure)
11--1111
Who Conducts Business Research?
33--1212
Research and Intuition
“If we ignore supernatural inspiration, intuition is based on two things:experience and intelligence. The more experience I have with you, themore likely I am to encounter repetition of activities and situations thathelp me learn about you. The smarter I am, the more I can abstract fromthose experiences to find connections and patterns among them.”
Jeffrey Bradshow, creator of the software that searches databases
Language of Research
Models
Constructs
Operational
definitions
Conceptual
schemesConcepts
Variables
Models
Theory
Terms used
in research
definitions
Propositions/
Hypotheses
An analytical model is a set of variables
and their interrelationships designed to represent,
in whole or in part, some real system or process.
Models
In verbal models, the variables and their relationships arestated in prose form. Such models may be mererestatements of the main tenets of a theory.
“improvement in service quality can enhance customer loyalty”
Graphical models are visual. They are used to isolatevariables and to suggest directions of relationships but arenot designed to provide numerical results.
Graphical Models
Customer
SERVPERFBrand Loyalty
Customer Satisfaction
∑∑∑∑====
++++====
n
iii xaay
1
0
Mathematical models explicitly specify the relationships among variables, usually in equation form.
Mathematical models
====i 1
aa i,
0
Where
y = degree of preference
= model parameters to be estimated
statistically
Independent and Dependent Variable Synonyms
Independent Variable(IV)
�Predictor
�Presumed cause
Dependent Variable (DV)
�Criterion
�Presumed effect�Presumed cause
�Stimulus
�Predicted from…
�Antecedent
�Manipulated
�Presumed effect
�Response
�Predicted to….
�Consequence
�Measured outcome
33--1818
Relationships Among Variable Types
33--1919
Relationships Among Variable Types
33--2020
Relationships Among Variable Types
Relational Hypotheses
Correlational
� Young women (under 35) purchase fewer units of our product than women who are older than 35.
Causal
� An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income saved.
than women who are older than 35.
percentage of income saved.
� Loyalty to a grocery store increases the probability of purchasing that store’s private brand products.
33--2222
The Role of Reasoning
33--2323
Researchers
�Encounter problems
�State problems
�Propose hypotheses
�Deduce outcomes�Deduce outcomes
�Formulate rival hypotheses
�Devise and conduct empirical tests
�Draw conclusions
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar belakang masalah
1.2 Masalah dan Batasan Penelitian
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN4.1 Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian
4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian
4.3 Implikasi Manajerial
BAB V PENUTUP5.1 Kesimpulan
5.2 Saran
Outline Penulisan Ilmiah
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka
2.2 Rerangka Pemikiran
2.3 Hipotesis
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN3.1 Tipe dan Objek Penelitian
3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data
3.3 Operasionalisasi Variabel
3.4 Metode Analisis Data
5.2 Saran