Introduction to Footnotes in

TurabianBy Daniel Miller

(© DBU University Writing Center)

What are footnotes?

O Footnotes are the primary way to cite sources in Turabian formatting.

O They appear at the bottom of the page.1

O Papers with footnotes have a bibliography page at the end which includes each source used in the paper.2

1Footnotes are located here.2Daniel Miller, Standard Footnotes (Dallas: DBU Press, 2011), 45.

Basic footnote formatting:

O Footnotes go at the bottom of the page.O There should be a line separating the text

from the footnotes (Microsoft Word does this automatically).

O Footnotes should be in either 10pt or 12pt font.

O Ensure they are in the same font as the text—this will likely be either Times New Roman or Arial.

Footnote formatting:

O The first time a source is used, list all the publication information within the footnote (this looks a lot like a bibliography entry).

O In each subsequent entry that uses the same source, include the author’s last name, a comma, and the page number.

3Daniel Miller, Standard Footnotes (Dallas: DBU Press, 2011), 45.

4Miller, 88.

Footnote formatting:

O In the subsequent entries, if two or more works from the same author are used in the paper, include a shortened version of the title.

O If two consecutive references are from the same source, use “Ibid.” This means “in the same place.” Include the page number if it is from the same source but a different page.

5Miller, Another Reference, 23.

6Ibid.7Ibid., 74.

How to create footnotes in Microsoft Word:

1. Place the cursor after a quote or paraphrase and left click.

2. Select “References” in the menu at the top.3. Select “Insert Footnote.” It should be a

large button, close to the left side.4. Microsoft Word will automatically format

the page and choose the correct number.5. Type the footnote!

Information to include(if available):

O Author’s nameO Article or chapter titleO Book title, journal title, website title, etc.O Volume, issue, edition, etc.O Editor’s nameO Place of publicationO Publishing companyO Copyright dateO Page number

Some examples:

O Book with one author:

O Book with two authors:

O A multivolume work with editor/compiler as author:

1James Smith, My Book (Ennis, TX: Some Press, 2004), 38.

1Bert Tall and Ernie Short, Streets of Home (Boston: Big Bird Publications, 1995), 24.

1Bilbo Baggins, ed., The Red Book of Westmarch (London: Tolkien Press, 19), 2:1439.

Some examples:

O Article from a scholarly journal:

O Electronic journal article: 1Novak, Ivana, “Keeping up with Bicarbonate,” The Journal of Physiology 528, no. 2 (October 20, 2000), under “Medications,” http://www.jphysiol.org/cig/content/full/528/235 (accessed October 24, 2000).

1Max Deluch “Mind from Matter,” American Scholar 47, no. 7 (Spring 1978): 343.

Basic bibliography formatting:

O Place a page titled “Bibliography” at the end of the paper.

O This includes an alphabetized list of each source consulted for the paper.

O Single-space each entry.O Place a blank line between each entry.O Each entry should have a hanging indent.

Differences between footnotes and bibliography entries:

O Footnotes format the author’s name first name last name. Bibliography entries format the author’s name last name, first name.

O Footnotes indent the first line, and any subsequent lines are flush left. Bibliography entries have a hanging indent.

O Footnotes use commas and parentheses to separate elements in the entry. Bibliography entries use periods.

Differences between footnotes and bibliography entries:

O Footnotes include specific page numbers where the information was found. Bibliography entries only include page numbers if they indicate the pages of a complete article or chapter.

O Footnotes are numbered and ordered according to where the information is introduced in the text. Bibliography entries are always alphabetized and unnumbered.

Please see “Turabian Packet: Footnotes and Endnotes” for

more information. This can be found online at

http://www3.dbu.edu/uwc/flyers.asp

or at the Writing Center in Collins 001.

Call us at 214-333-5474 if you have any questions!