Introduction to Footnotes in
TurabianBy Daniel Miller
(© DBU University Writing Center)
What are footnotes?
O Footnotes are the primary way to cite sources in Turabian formatting.
O They appear at the bottom of the page.1
O Papers with footnotes have a bibliography page at the end which includes each source used in the paper.2
1Footnotes are located here.2Daniel Miller, Standard Footnotes (Dallas: DBU Press, 2011), 45.
Basic footnote formatting:
O Footnotes go at the bottom of the page.O There should be a line separating the text
from the footnotes (Microsoft Word does this automatically).
O Footnotes should be in either 10pt or 12pt font.
O Ensure they are in the same font as the text—this will likely be either Times New Roman or Arial.
Footnote formatting:
O The first time a source is used, list all the publication information within the footnote (this looks a lot like a bibliography entry).
O In each subsequent entry that uses the same source, include the author’s last name, a comma, and the page number.
3Daniel Miller, Standard Footnotes (Dallas: DBU Press, 2011), 45.
4Miller, 88.
Footnote formatting:
O In the subsequent entries, if two or more works from the same author are used in the paper, include a shortened version of the title.
O If two consecutive references are from the same source, use “Ibid.” This means “in the same place.” Include the page number if it is from the same source but a different page.
5Miller, Another Reference, 23.
6Ibid.7Ibid., 74.
How to create footnotes in Microsoft Word:
1. Place the cursor after a quote or paraphrase and left click.
2. Select “References” in the menu at the top.3. Select “Insert Footnote.” It should be a
large button, close to the left side.4. Microsoft Word will automatically format
the page and choose the correct number.5. Type the footnote!
Information to include(if available):
O Author’s nameO Article or chapter titleO Book title, journal title, website title, etc.O Volume, issue, edition, etc.O Editor’s nameO Place of publicationO Publishing companyO Copyright dateO Page number
Some examples:
O Book with one author:
O Book with two authors:
O A multivolume work with editor/compiler as author:
1James Smith, My Book (Ennis, TX: Some Press, 2004), 38.
1Bert Tall and Ernie Short, Streets of Home (Boston: Big Bird Publications, 1995), 24.
1Bilbo Baggins, ed., The Red Book of Westmarch (London: Tolkien Press, 19), 2:1439.
Some examples:
O Article from a scholarly journal:
O Electronic journal article: 1Novak, Ivana, “Keeping up with Bicarbonate,” The Journal of Physiology 528, no. 2 (October 20, 2000), under “Medications,” http://www.jphysiol.org/cig/content/full/528/235 (accessed October 24, 2000).
1Max Deluch “Mind from Matter,” American Scholar 47, no. 7 (Spring 1978): 343.
Basic bibliography formatting:
O Place a page titled “Bibliography” at the end of the paper.
O This includes an alphabetized list of each source consulted for the paper.
O Single-space each entry.O Place a blank line between each entry.O Each entry should have a hanging indent.
Differences between footnotes and bibliography entries:
O Footnotes format the author’s name first name last name. Bibliography entries format the author’s name last name, first name.
O Footnotes indent the first line, and any subsequent lines are flush left. Bibliography entries have a hanging indent.
O Footnotes use commas and parentheses to separate elements in the entry. Bibliography entries use periods.
Differences between footnotes and bibliography entries:
O Footnotes include specific page numbers where the information was found. Bibliography entries only include page numbers if they indicate the pages of a complete article or chapter.
O Footnotes are numbered and ordered according to where the information is introduced in the text. Bibliography entries are always alphabetized and unnumbered.
Please see “Turabian Packet: Footnotes and Endnotes” for
more information. This can be found online at
http://www3.dbu.edu/uwc/flyers.asp
or at the Writing Center in Collins 001.
Call us at 214-333-5474 if you have any questions!