Introduction to Hyper-V

Welcome!

Clyde JohnsonPresident,

Boston Area Windows Server User Groupwww.windowsboston.org

Senior Systems Manager with 28 years in Hi-Tech with 16 in IT.

MCITP: Enterprise administratorMCSE: NT 4.0, 2000 and 2003

Introduction

Type 1 Hypervisor based virtualization platform

Windows Server 2008 x64 Edition technology◦ Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter Editions

Role on Windows 2008 R2 in both Core and full Version

Description

Architecture

◦ x64 server with hardware assisted virtualization AMD AMD-V or Intel VT

◦ Hardware enabled Data Execution Prevention (DEP) required AMD (NX no execute bit) Intel (XD execute disable)

Note: Enabling these BIOS features requires powering down (not rebooting) the server to take effect

Hardware Requirements

Hyper-V Capabilities

◦ 32-bit (x86) & 64-bit (x64) VMs◦ Large memory support (64 GB) per VM◦ SMP VMs (up to 4 cores)◦ Integrated cluster support for HA & Quick Migration◦ BitLocker: Seamless, secure data encryption◦ Live Backup: Volume Shadow Service integration◦ Pass-through disk access for VMs◦ Virtual Machine snapshots◦ New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC/VMBus)

Disk, networking, input, video◦ Robust networking: VLANs and NLB◦ DMTF standard for WMI management interface◦ Support for Full or Server Core installations

Windows Server 2008 R2 - Hyper-V Better flexibility

◦ Live Migration◦ Cluster Shared Volumes◦ Hot Add/remove of Storage◦ Processor compatibility mode for live migration

Improved performance◦ Improved memory management◦ TCP Offload support◦ Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) Support◦ Improved Networking◦ Second Level Address Translation

Greater Scalability◦ At 64 logical processor support◦ Enhance Green IT with Core Parking

Dynamic Memory New feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1

Upgrade the Guest Integration Components Higher VM density across all nodes Memory allocated to VMs is

dynamically adjusted in real time “Ballooning” makes memory pages non-

accessible to the VM, until they are needed Does not impact Task Scheduler or other

memory-monitoring utilities Memory Priority Value is configurable per VM

Higher priority for those with higher performance requirements Ensure you have enough free memory

on other nodes for failure recovery

Second Level Address Translation(SLAT) Goes by several names

◦ Intel calls it Extended Page Tables (EPT)◦ AMD calls it Nested Page Tables (NPT) or

Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI) Processor provides two levels of translation

◦ Walks the guest OS page tables directly◦ No need to maintain Shadow Page Table◦ No hypervisor code for demand-fill or flush operations

Resource savings◦ Hypervisor CPU time drops to 2%◦ Roughly 1MB of memory saved per VM

Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) Overview

◦ NIC can DMA packets directly into VM memory VM Device buffer gets assigned to one of the queues Avoids packet copies in the VSP Avoids route lookup in the virtual switch (VMQ Queue ID)

◦ Allows the NIC to essentially appear as multiple NICs on the physical host (queues)

Benefits◦ Host no longer has device DMA data in its own buffer

resulting in a shorter path length for I/O (performance gain)

Networking Jumbo Frame Support

◦ Ethernet frames >1,500 bytes

◦ Ad hoc standard is ~9k Overview

◦ Enables 6x larger payload per packet

Benefits◦ Improves throughput◦ Reduce CPU utilization

of large file transfersEnsure All Network Segments Have Jumbo

Frames Enabled!C:\>Ping.exe –l 9000 <src>

TCP Offload support Overview

◦ TCP/IP traffic in a VM can be offloaded to a physical NIC on the host computer

Benefits◦ Reduce CPU burden◦ Networking offload to improve performance◦ Live Migration is supported with Full TCP Offload

Windows Server 2008 R2Core parking

Overview◦ Scheduling virtual machines on a single server for

density as opposed to dispersion◦ This allows “park/sleep” cores by putting them in

deep C states

Benefits◦ Enhances Green IT by reducing

CPU power consumption

Security Isolation

◦ No sharing of virtualized devices◦ Separate VMBus instance per vm to the parent ◦ No sharing of memory

Each has its own address space◦ VMs cannot communicate with each other, except

through traditional networking◦ Guests can’t perform DMA attacks because they’re

never mapped to physical devices◦ Guests cannot write to the hypervisor◦ Parent partition cannot write to the hypervisor

Two physical network adapters at minimum◦ One for management◦ One (or more) for VM networking◦ Dedicated NIC(s) for iSCSI◦ Connect parent to back-end management

network Only expose guests to internet traffic

Types◦ Private (between VM’s only◦ Internal (Host and VM’s)◦ External (On the network. Limited by the # of

NIC’s)

Hyper-V Networking

Hyper-V network I/O path

NIC

TCP/IP

VM1

VM NIC1

TCP/IP

VM2

VM NIC2Port 2 Port 1

RoutingVLAN Filtering

Data Copy

Miniport Driver

Management OS

Virtual Machine Switch

VMBus

Ethernet

Time synchronization Heartbeat Shutdown Key/Value pair exchange Volume Shadow-Copy Service (VSS)

Integration Services

Performance wise from fastest to slowest…◦ Fixed Disk VHDs/Pass Through Disks

• Slight performance difference◦ Dynamically Expanding VHDs

• Grow as needed• Do not use for production workloads

Pass Through Disks◦ VM writes directly to a disk/LUN without

encapsulation in a VHD◦ Cons:

• You can’t use VM snapshots• Dedicating a disk to a vm

Flexible Disk Format

Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)

◦ CSV provides a single consistent file name space; All Windows Server 2008 R2 servers see the same storage Easy setup; Uses NTFS No reformatting SANs Create one big data store No more drive letter problems Existing tools just work Migrate one Machine at a time

Cluster Shared Volumes All servers “see” the same storage

Server Core Minimal installation option

◦ Provides essential server functionality◦ Command Line Interface only, no GUI Shell

Benefits◦ Less code results in fewer patches◦ Low surface area server for targeted roles◦ More secure and reliable with less management

Core Configurator 2.0 VERY useful for Managing CORE servers Written in Powershell

Product LicensingNetworking FeaturesDCPromo ToolISCSI SettingsServer Roles and FeaturesUser and Group PermissionsShare Creation and Deletion Dynamic Firewall settingsDisplay | ScreensaverAdd & Remove Drivers

Proxy settingsWindows Updates (Inc. WSUS)Multipath I/OHyper-V including VM ThumbsJoin Domain Computer renameAdd/remove programsServicesWinRM

Complete logging of all commands executed

http://coreconfig.codeplex.com/

Best Practices Do NOT use snapshots in production. Use CoreConfig to help manage your

servers Ensure High-Speed Access to Storage Install Multiple Network Interface Cards Dedicate one Network interface to

Administration Avoid mixing VM’s that can and cannot use

integration Services Configure Antivirus to bypass Hyper-V

processes and Directories.

Best Practices (continued) Run Anti-Virus within your guests. Rename Virtual switches to be identical on

all your Hyper-V. Think of Naming Standards now. Enterprise Edition lets you have 4 Licensed

VM’s at no cost.

Looking at Hyper-V Performance

Measuring Processor Usage• Measuring the physical host computer’s (Root

Partition) Processor Capacity• Hyper-V Hypervisor Logical Processor(*)\% Total Run

Time: The percentage of time spent by the processor in guest and hypervisor code.

• Measuring Guest Computer Processor Utilization• \HyperVisor Hyper-V Logical Processors(*)\% Guest Run

Time:

Looking at Hyper-V Performance

Measure Memory usage• Measuring Available Memory on the Hyper-V Host

Computer:• \Memory\Available MBytes: Available MBytes is the

amount of physical memory available to processes running on the computer, in Megabytes.

• Same for measuring memory usage in the Virtual machine

What about… Heterogeneous

Virtualization Management Physical to Virtual

Conversion (P2V) Virtual to Virtual

Conversion (V2V)◦ Virtual Server to Hyper-V◦ VMware to Hyper-V

Virtual Machine Library PowerShell Scripting Delegated Administration Virtual Machine Authoring VM Templates/Cloning Failover Cluster Integration

What’s new in VMM 2008 R2• Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Host

Management• Enhanced Support for SAN Transfers• Enhanced Support for Shared Storage• Quick Storage Migration• Maintenance Mode for Hosts• Support for VMware Port Groups for Virtual

Switches• Support for Virtual Machine Permissions Assigned

in Hyper-V

Windows Server 8 New

◦ Client Hyper-V (in Windows 8 Consumer preview)◦ Hyper-V Module for Windows Powershell◦ Hyper-V Replica◦ Storage Migration◦ Virtual Fibre Channel

Updated◦ Live Migration of non-clustered VM’s and Multiple instances◦ Significant Scale and resiliency increases.◦ Virtual Hard disk Format (64TB)◦ Virtual Switch.

Client requires SLAT processor. Server only requires it if the RemoteFX role is enabled

NIC Teaming Builtin to the OS and supported Simplified deployment & support Load balancing and failover(LBFO) Aggregate bandwidth Use different model & vendor NICs

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/

Virtualization Resources Microsoft Virtualization

◦ Web: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization◦ Technet:

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/default.aspx System Center Virtual Machine Manager

◦ Web: http://www.microsoft.com/scvmm Hyper-V

◦ http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv.aspx Microsoft Application Virtualization (formerly SoftGrid)

◦ Web: http://www.microsoft.com/systemcenter/appv/default.mspx Terminal Services

◦ Blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/ts/◦ Web: www.microsoft.com/terminalserver

Virtual PC 2007◦ Web: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualpc

Online ResourcesMicrosoft Virtualization Home:http://www.microsoft.com/virtualizationWindows Server Virtualization Blog Site:http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/default.aspxWindows Server Virtualization TechNet Site:http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/servermanager/virtualization.mspxMSDN & TechNet Powered by Hyper-Vhttp://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2008/05/20/msdn-and-technet-powered-by-hyper-v.aspxVirtualization Solution Acceleratorshttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/solutionaccelerators/cc197910.aspxHow to install the Hyper-V rolehttp://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-install.aspxWindows Server 2008 Hyper-V Performance Tuning Guidehttp://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/Perf_tun_srv.mspxUsing Hyper-V & BitLocker White Paperhttp://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=2c3c0615-baf4-4a9c-b613-3fda14e84545&DisplayLang=en

Cluster Team Blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/clustering/ Clustering Forum: http://forums.technet.microsoft.com/en-US/winserverClustering/threads/

Cluster Resources: http://blogs.msdn.com/clustering/archive/2009/08/21/9878286.aspx Cluster Information Portal: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/clustering-home.aspx Clustering Technical Resources: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/clustering-resources.aspx

Windows Server 2008 R2 Cluster Features: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd443539.aspx

Failover Cluster resources