Introduction to Medicine

Written by Melissa Redding

Career Exploration Refer to your

Career Exploration for Mastery – Field of Medicine Checklist

Rubric for Health Career Name Tag

Review Rubric

Introduction to Medicine Medical Terminology and Abbreviations

Review Introduction to Medicine Medical Terminology and Abbreviations Handout

Completion of Internet Research

Refer to Internet Research Assignment Handout

Career Related Skills RubricField of Medicine

Review Rubric

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Who are the team players in the field of medicine?

Resource:

Southwest Georgia AHEC’s Anatomy of Health Careers DVD

Team Players

• Physician MD

• Physician Assistant PA

• Medical Assistant MA

• Certified Medical Assistant CMA

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Can you organize the field of medicine team players into an organizational chart?

PHYSICIAN

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT

MEDICAL ASSISTANT

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What are some of the tools of the trade used by team members in the field of medicine?

Science in Medicine

Scientists, Physicians, Physician Assistants and other healthcare professionals work together to

learn about how the body is made and how it works.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What is a physician specialist?

Medical Specialties

• Pediatrician

• Obstetrician

• Neurologist

• Pulmonologist

• Cardiologist

Anatomy - the science of the structure of living organisms

Physiology - the basic processes underlying the functioning of a species or organism, or any of its parts or processes.

Reference: The Free Medical Dictionary by Farlexhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/physiology

Essential Question

What does the inside of the heart look like?

Anatomy of the Heart

Inside the Heart

Cardiac – term referring to the Heart

Four Chambers of the Heart

• Right Atrium

• Right Ventricle

• Left Atrium

• Left Ventricle

Four Valves of the Heart

• Mitral valve

• Tricuspid valve

• Pulmonary valve

• Aortic valve

More Anatomy of the Heart

• Aorta

• Artery

• Superior Vena Cava

• Vein

• Pulmonary system

• Oxygen

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What’s happening when I feel my heart beat?

BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute

Website:

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

NOVA Website:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/heartmap.html

Flow of blood through the heart from body (deoxygenated – blue)

From body• Inferior Superior Vena Cava• Right atrium• Tricuspid Valve• Right Ventricle• Pulmonary Valve• Pulmonary ArteryTO LUNGS

Flow of blood from lungs to heart (oxygenated – red)

From lungs to

• Pulmonary vein

• Left Atrium

• Mitral Valve

• Left Ventricle

• Aorta

TO BODY

Circulatory System

Pulse – refers to the blood pumping through your arteries

• Apical Pulse

• Radial Pulse

• Carotid Pulse

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What do the heart and an Ipod have in common?

I my Ipod!!!

Both must have a source of electricity, both can provide an interesting beat, both can be heard with the human ear.

Conduction System

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute

Website:

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical.html

• Sinoatrial Node (SA node) in right atrium

• EKG pattern of a normal sinus rhythm:

EKG Asystole video.flv

Assess your own PulseActivity #1

Step 1: Use one or two fingers to touch (palpate) your radial pulse.

Step 2: Count the number of beats you palpate for one minute. Record

this result.

Step 3: Repeat Step 2 three more times and record all results.

Assess your own PulseActivity #2

Step 1: Locate your apical pulse using the

provided chart.

Step 2: Using a stethoscope, listen to or auscultate your apical pulse.

Step 3: Count your apical pulse for one minute and record this apical

pulse.

Step 4: Repeat Step 3 three more times and record your results.

Radial vs. Apical Pulse

Compare your radial pulse count and your apical pulse counts.

• Where they the same?

• Where they different?

• Discuss your thoughts about your analysis of the two pulse results.

CONGRATULATIONS!

YOU USED SOME TOOLS OF THE TRADE AND SKILLS PRACTICED IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE!

TOOLS OF THE TRADE YOU USED

EYES, EARS, SENSE OF TOUCH, CLOCK, PEN, PAPER AND A STETHOSCOPE

ANDASSESSMENT SKILLS YOU USED

PALPATION, AUSCULTATION, DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND

DOCUMENTATION!

Listen to the beat

• Listen these heart sounds from

Learning Cardiac Auscultation CD produced by Cardionics,Inc.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What are ways to assess the heart?

More ways to assess the heart

• Palpation of pulse• Auscultation of heart sounds• EKG• Echocardiogram• Stress tests

INTERNET RESOURCE:

MedicineNET.com Topic: Heart Disease

www.medicinenet.com/heart_disease/article.net

Math in Medicine

How many times will your heart beat in one year?

Enter the number of beats in 30 seconds: 40 CALCULATE to see your beats: per minute: 80 Per hour: 4800Per day: 115,200 Per year: 42,048,000

More Math in MedicineHow much blood does your heart

pump in one minute? Reference for this math exercise: Science Museum of Minnesota

http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson2

Terms you need to know:

• Cardiac Output – amount of blood your heart pumps in one minute

• Cardiac Index – how much blood is pumped per minute for every square meter of body surface area

• Body Surface Area – refers to the amount of surface on the outside of your body, for example, the amount of skin surface you have

• Nomogram – a picture tool to help you solve a puzzle

Do this so you can calculate your Cardiac Output

Step 1- Measure your height using the height scale.

Step 2 – Measure your weight using the weight scale.

Step 3 – Use the nomogram to determine your body surface area per square meter.

Calculate your Cardiac Output

• Multiply your body surface area by the Cardiac Index which is a given variable of 2.75 l/m2/minute.

Your math problem is set up this way: Body Surface area in m2 from nomogram X Cardiac Index of 2.75l/m2 = Cardiac Output in ___liters minute

What is your Cardiac Output?

• Share your Cardiac Output results.

• How does your volume per minute compare to a 2 liter beverage bottle?

Take it a few beats further…• How much blood is pumped in an hour, a

day and in a year?

• If 4 liters per minute, 60 minutes in an hour so 4 X 60 = 240 liters per hour.

• If 240 liters per hour, 24 hours in a day so

24 X 240 = 5760 liters per day.

• If 5760 liters per day, 365 days in a year so 5760 X 365 = 2,102,400 liters per year.

2,102,400 liters of blood pumped per year!

How many 2 liter Cokes in a year?Compare the volume of liters of blood

pumped per year to volume of 2 liter Cokes in a year.

That’s

TEN MILLION FIVE HUNDRED TWELVE THOUSAND TWO (10,512,002) 2 liter

Cokes a year!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The Cardiac Index: Where did in come from?

How much blood the heart pumps for every square meter of surface area, the cardiac index, varies with the age of the individual. For children ages 10 13, the average cardiac index is 2.75 liters/m2/minute at a resting state.

Heart Problems

Pathophysiology

It’s broken, can we fix it?

Pathophysiology: One example of disease affecting the heart is

Coronary Artery Disease.Activity #1: Work in pairs and complete your

Internet Assignment - Case Study: Coronary Artery Disease

Activity #2: Class review of Internet Assignment - Case Study:

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Activity #3: Role Play - Case Study: CAD

Activity #4: Peer Evaluation and Group Discussion

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What makes a team successful?

Pathophysiology: A possible life threating complication heart disease is

is sudden Cardiac Arrest.• Activity #1 EKG Pattern Recognition• Normal Sinus Rhythm• Ventricular Tachycardia• Ventricular Fibrillation

EKG ventricular fibrillation video.flv• Asystole• EKG Asystole video.flv

Protocol for Cardiac Arrest

• Assessment, Call a Code Blue

• CPR

• Medication, Oxygen

• Defribillation

CODE BLUE SIMULATION

Code Blue Simulation video.flv

• F:\CTAE Iintro to Medicine Master Folder\ACLS Science Code Blue.flv

Physicians need the help of skilled and caring nurses.

• F:\CTAE Iintro to Medicine Master Folder\Rapping+ER+Nurses+from+UAB+VIdeo.mp4

ROLE PLAY CODE BLUE

• FINAL EVALUATION OF INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINE AND INTRODUCTION NURSING