Introduction to NewarkIntroduction to Newark

Professor BarrProfessor Barr

Honor Seminar: Topics in Urban Honor Seminar: Topics in Urban EconomicsEconomics

Newark’s Neighborhoods MapNewark’s Neighborhoods Map

Newark’s Wards MapNewark’s Wards Map

Political StructurePolitical Structure

5 wards: North, South, East, West and 5 wards: North, South, East, West and Central.Central.

9 council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis for terms of 4 years: – one council member from each of 5 wards – and 4 council members on an at-large basis.

The mayor is also elected for a term of 4 years.

Next Mayoral election 2006.

Time Line: 1666-1900Time Line: 1666-1900

1666: Newark is founded 1666: Newark is founded 16661666 by by ConnecticutConnecticut PuritansPuritans led by led by Robert TreatRobert Treat. .

1815: 1815: Seth Seth BoydenBoyden moves to Newark. moves to Newark. 1831: Construction of 1831: Construction of Morris CanalMorris Canal.. 1836: Incorporated as City.1836: Incorporated as City. Mid-late 18Mid-late 18thth c: Newark becomes industrial c: Newark becomes industrial

powerhouse and home to many European powerhouse and home to many European Immigrants.Immigrants.

Time Line: 20Time Line: 20thth Century Century

1902: 1902: John Cotton DanaJohn Cotton Dana becomes head of Newark Public becomes head of Newark Public Library.Library.

1910 – 1950s: Large Black migration from South.1910 – 1950s: Large Black migration from South. 1928: Newark Airport begins operation.1928: Newark Airport begins operation. 1930s: Population peaks at more than 440,000.1930s: Population peaks at more than 440,000. 1960s: Newark becomes ‘majority minority’ city.1960s: Newark becomes ‘majority minority’ city. 1967: Riots.1967: Riots. 1970: Ken Gibson elected Newark’s first black Mayor.1970: Ken Gibson elected Newark’s first black Mayor. 1986: Sharpe James first elected Mayor.1986: Sharpe James first elected Mayor. 1997: NJPAC.1997: NJPAC. 1990s: Newark’s economic and business climate begins to 1990s: Newark’s economic and business climate begins to

rebound (The ‘Newark Renaissance’).rebound (The ‘Newark Renaissance’). 2000: Population bottoms out at about 273,000.2000: Population bottoms out at about 273,000.

Newark’s Population GrowthNewark’s Population Growth

0

100

200

300

400

500

1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003

Newark's Population, 1830 - 2003

Thousands of People

Year

Newark’s Growth vs. Other Cities in Area Newark’s Growth vs. Other Cities in Area

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

1790 1840 1890 1940 1990

NYC

Philadelphia

Newark

Population of NYC, Philadelphia and Newark, 1790 - 2003

Millions of People

NYC annexes Brooklyn

YearSource: census.gov

Job GrowthJob Growth

Job Growth (Loss), 1949-1996Job Growth (Loss), 1949-1996

Source: 1997 Development…

More job growthMore job growth

Population Ranking: Selected CitiesPopulation Ranking: Selected CitiesNote: 239 Cities with >=100,000 peopleNote: 239 Cities with >=100,000 people

City State 2000 Pop. Rank

New York NY 8,008,278 1

Los Angeles CA 3,694,820 2

Chicago IL 2,896,016 3

Houston TX 1,953,631 4

Philadelphia PA 1,517,550 5

Detroit MI 951,270 10

Boston MA 589,141 20

NewarkNewark NJNJ 273,546273,546 6363

Jersey City NJ 240,055 72

Paterson NJ 149,222 138

Elizabeth NJ 120,568 182

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Density Rankings: Selected CitiesDensity Rankings: Selected Cities

CityPersons per

Sq. Mile Rank

New York, NY 26,404 1

Paterson, NJ 17,765 2

San Francisco, CA 16,632 3

Jersey City, NJ 16,111 4

Cambridge, MA 15,837 5

Boston, MA 12,172 10

Newark, NJNewark, NJ 11,49411,494 1313

Elizabeth, NJ 9,883 18

Percent Black or African AmericanPercent Black or African American

City % Black Rank

Gary, IN 84.0 1

Detroit, MI 81.6 2

Birmingham, AL 73.5 3

Jackson y, MS 70.6 4

New Orleans, LA 67.3 5

Newark, NJNewark, NJ 53.553.5 1212

Paterson, NJ 32.9 47

New York, NY 26.6 64

Jersey City, NJ 28.3 58

Elizabeth, NJ 20.0 85

Rank of City % Renters, 2000Rank of City % Renters, 2000

City % Renters Rank

Newark, NJNewark, NJ 76.276.2 11

Hartford, CT 75.4 2

Jersey City, NJ 71.8 3

New Haven, CT 70.4 4

Elizabeth, NJ 70.3 5

New York, NY 69.8 6

Paterson, NJ 68.5 7

2000 Unemployment2000 Unemployment

City % Unemployed Rank

Fresno, CA 12.9 1

Salinas, CA 12.6 2

Stockton, CA 10.4 3

Brownsville, TX 10.1 4

McAllen city, TX 9.7 5

Newark city, NJNewark city, NJ 8.18.1 1111

Jersey City, NJ 7.1 21

Elizabeth city, NJ 6.5 31

New York city, NY 5.7 44

Retail Sales per Capita, 1997Retail Sales per Capita, 1997

City 1997 Sales Rank

Bellevue, WA 26,682 1

Clearwater, FL 25,606 2

Knoxville, TN 23,349 3

Costa Mesa, CA 23,014 4

Torrance, CA 22,224 5

Jersey City, NJ 6,662 195

New York, NY 5,677 213

Newark, NJNewark, NJ 3,4193,419 236236

Paterson, NJ 2,752 239

Comparison of Newark and New Comparison of Newark and New Jersey Jersey

Newark vs. New JerseyNewark vs. New Jersey(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)

Variable Newark N.J.

Population 273,546 8,414,350

% White 26.5% 72.6%

% Black or African American 53.5% 13.6%

% Hispanic 29.5% 13.3%

% Asian 1.2% 5.7%

% Pop. Change from 1990 to 2000 -0.6% 8.6%

% Living in same house from 1995 to 2000', age 5+ 54.4% 59.8%

% Foreign born 24.1% 17.5%

% Speak Lang. other than Eng. at home, age 5+ 42.6% 25.5%

Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html

Newark vs. N.J. cont.Newark vs. N.J. cont.(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)

Variable Newark N.J.

% High school graduates, age 25+ 57.9% 82.1%

% Bachelor's degree or higher, age 25+ 9.0% 29.8%

Homeownership rate 23.8% 65.6%

Median value of owner-occupied housing units $119,000 $170,800

Median household income, 1999 $26,913 $55,146

Per capita income, 1999 $13,009 $27,006

% Below poverty, 1999 28.40% 8.50%

Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html

Newark vs. New JerseyNewark vs. New Jersey(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)

Retail sales per capita, 1997 $3,419 $9,922

Total number of firms, 1997 10,514 654,227

Firms Per 1,000 Persons 38.4 77.8

% Minority-owned firms, 1997 37.8% 15.6%

% Women-owned firms, 1997 19.6% 23.7%

Persons per square mile (density) 11,495 1,134

Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html

Newark Census Tract MapsNewark Census Tract Maps

PopulationPopulation

% Black% Black

% White% White

% Hispanic% Hispanic

Median Household IncomeMedian Household Income

% Unemployed% Unemployed

% Vacant Units% Vacant Units

% of Residents 25+ with Bachelor’s Degree% of Residents 25+ with Bachelor’s Degree

% of HHs w/ Female Head in Pov.% of HHs w/ Female Head in Pov.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

Newark Crime Rates, 1985 - 2003

Murder and Manslaughter Rate

Violent Crime Rate

Violent C

rimes

Murder R

ateCrime Rate: # Crimes per 100,000 residents

Newark’s Crime vs. U.S. 1985 - 2003Newark’s Crime vs. U.S. 1985 - 2003

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Newark's Violent Crime Rate vs. U.S., 1985 - 2000

Violent Crimes per 100,000 people

Year

Newark

U.S.

source: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/welcome.html

Housing PermitsHousing Permits

0

200

400

600

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Total Housing Permits

Single Family Units Permits

Year

Newark Housing Permits Issued, 1996 - 2004

Source:http://censtats.census.gov/bldg/bldgprmt.shtml