Brain Mapping and Cognitive Assessments:

Principles & Applications

A.R. Moradi

Kharazmi University

Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies

Cognition

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive

psychology

percepti

on

Executiv

e

functions

Languag

e

Attentio

n

Intellige

ncememory

5

Executive Functions:

▪ Directive capacities of the mind

▪ Multiple in nature, not a single capacity

▪ Part of neural circuits that are routed through the frontal lobes

▪ Cue the use of other mental capacities

▪ Direct and control perceptions, thoughts, actions, and to some degree emotions

EFs

Emotions Actions

Perceptions

Thoughts

EF

EF

ef ef

Activation

ef

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ef

ef

ef ef ef ef ef

ef ef ef

ef ef ef ef efef ef

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ef

ef

ef

ef

ef

ef

Self-Activation

Self-Regulation

Self-Realization Self-Determination

Self-Generation

Trans-Self Integration

Co-Conductors in a Holarchical Model of EF

EF Tiers within the Holarchical Model of Executive

Functions

Perceive

Focus

Sustain

Energize

Initiate

Inhibit

Stop

Interrupt

Flexible

Shift

Modulate

Plan

Evaluate/Compare

Decide

Sense Time

Pace

Sequence

Execute

Hold

Manipulate

Store

Retrieve

Trans-Self Integration

Self-Activation

Self-RealizationSelf-Awareness

Other-Awareness

Self-Analysis

Self-DeterminationGoal setting

Long-range Planning &

Foresight

Self-Generation

Monitor

Correct

Balance

Gauge

Anticipate

Estimate Time

Analyze

Generate

Associate

Organize

Prioritize

Self-Regulation

EF

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ef

ef

ef ef ef ef ef

ef ef ef

ef ef ef ef efef ef

efef ef

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ef

ef

ef

ef

ef

Activation

EF

Assessment Of Executive Functions

Executive Functioning assessment

◼ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) - Grant & Berg (1948)

◼ Luchins Water Jug Task - Luchins & Luchins (1950).

◼ Trail Making Test - Reitan (1955).

◼ The Victoria Stroop Test - Regard (1981 ).

◼ Tower of London Task - Shallice (1982).

◼ Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) - Bechara (1994).

Definition of Intelligence

Dr. Alireza Moradi & Hadi Parhoon

Intelligence is the global capacity of the

individual to act purposefully, to think

rationally and to deal effectively with his

environment .

)David Wechsler, 1994(.

Three-stratum theory

Dr. Alireza Moradi & Hadi Parhoon

Consensus Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Hierarchical Three-Stratum Model

PMA1

T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9T1 T12T10 T11

PMA2 PMA3 PMA4 …etc

…etc

G1 G2 G3

…etc

g?

Stratum I

Stratum II

Stratum III

Dr. Alireza Moradi & Hadi Parhoon

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- V -

Administration and Scoring

Dr. Alireza Moradi & Hadi Parhoon

Primary Index Scores

Headline placed here

Text here…

VCI VSI FRI WMI PSI

Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)

Replaced

Long-term memory systems

WMS-IVWechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition

خرده مقیاس است که در دو بسته ی مجزا 7ویراست چهارم مقیاس حافظه وکسلر شامل . ارائه شده است( بسته ی سالمندان، بسته بزرگساالن)

WMS-IV

Brief Cognitive

Status Exam

Logical Memory

Verbal Paired

Associates

DesignsVisual

Reproduction

Spatial Addition

Symbol Span

Cognition and Emotion

Autobiographical Memory

“Autobiographical memory is memory for the events of

one’s life” (Conway and Rubin, 1993).

Autobiographical memory relates to our major life goals,

our most powerful emotions, and to our personal

meanings.

Autobiographical knowledge has the function of

“defining identity, linking personal history to public

history, supporting a network of personal goals and

projects across the life span, and ultimately in grounding

the self in experience.” (Conway et al., 2001)

Functions of the Autobiographical Memory

1) Self enhancement and coherence or self defining

2) Social Relationship Enhancement

3) Direct our future goals and plans according to

personal experience

At UniversityWorking at ŌYÓ

Working at ŌXÕ

At University

At UniversityLiving with ŌMÕ

School friends

Others (relationships)

Locations (classes, etc.)

Activities (projects)

Goals (personal-collective)

Film Club

Married to ŌNÕ

Others (relationships)

Locations (classes, etc.)

Activities (projects)

Goals (personal-collective)

Prof. ŌA.Õ

Union Building

Project/Thesis

Life Story Schema

Lifetime Periods

General Events

Work Schema Relationship Schema

Life Story

Meeting ŌNÕ

Sensory-Perceptual Episodic Memories

Computerized Cognitive Assessments

CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)

Brain

Cognition

Category

Cognitive

Function

CANTAB

Tests

Research

Area

Brain

CANTAB Test Selector

CANTAB

Point of

View

Input Storage Control

Practice Attention Memory Executive Function and Decision Making Social

Co

gn

itiv

e

Fu

nc

tio

n

Sen

so

rim

oto

r fun

cti

on

an

d

co

mp

reh

en

si

on

Pro

cessin

g

an

d

Psych

om

oto

r

sp

eed

Su

sta

ine

d

att

en

tio

n

Vis

ua

l

ep

iso

dic

mem

ory

Att

enti

on

an

d

sho

rt

term

vis

ual

mem

ory

Vis

ual

reco

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ion

me

mo

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mem

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test

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to

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ple

Patt

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Reco

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Mem

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Spat

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Test

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General cognitive function● ● ● ● ●

Cognitive effects inhealthy volunteers ● ● ●Alzheimer’s disease

● ● ● ● ● ●Prodromal Alzheimer’sdisease ● ●Attention deficit disorders(ADHD and ADD) ● ● ●Autism spectrum disorder ● ● ● ● ● ●Depression andaffective disorders ● ● ● ● ●Down’s syndrome ● ● ● ●Epilepsy ● ● ● ● ● ●Huntington’s disease ● ● ● ● ●Multiple Sclerosis ● ● ● ● ●Neuromuscular diseases ● ● ● ● ●Obsessive compulsivedisorder ● ● ● ●Parkinson’s disease ● ● ● ● ● ●Schizophrenia ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Stroke andCerebrovascular disease ● ● ● ●Traumatic Brain Injury ● ● ● ● ●

Research Areas

CANTAB Test Selector

Input Storage Control

Practic

e

Attention Memory Executive Function and Decision Making Social

Co

gn

itiv

eF

un

cti

on

Se

ns

ori

mo

tor

fun

cti

on

an

d

co

mp

reh

en

sio

n

Pro

ces

sin

g a

nd

Ps

yc

ho

mo

tor

sp

eed

Su

sta

ine

d a

tte

nti

on

Vis

ua

le

pis

od

ic

me

mo

ry

Att

en

tio

n a

nd

sh

ort

te

rm v

isu

al m

em

ory

Vis

ual

rec

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itio

n

me

mo

ry

Ver

bal

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mo

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nd

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lear

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wo

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em

ory

an

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Vis

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Rec

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CANTAB Test Selector

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