Introduction to Introduction to PsychologyPsychology

Unit 7: Motivation and Unit 7: Motivation and IntelligenceIntelligence

Instructor: Sara BarnettInstructor: Sara Barnett

Warm-Up QuestionsWarm-Up Questions►What makes a person intelligent?What makes a person intelligent?

►How do you know if a person is How do you know if a person is intelligent?intelligent?

►Do you think intelligence tests are Do you think intelligence tests are biased in any way? biased in any way?

AnnouncementsAnnouncements

►Please email me if you have submitted Please email me if you have submitted late work on the DB that has yet to be late work on the DB that has yet to be gradedgraded

►Please complete all parts of the DBs in Please complete all parts of the DBs in order to earn as many points as order to earn as many points as possible!possible!

IntelligenceIntelligence►Intelligence:Intelligence: Ability that allows one Ability that allows one

to adapt to the environment and to adapt to the environment and behave in a goal-directed waybehave in a goal-directed way

►Intelligence Quotient:Intelligence Quotient: The measure The measure of an individual’s intelligence (Mental of an individual’s intelligence (Mental Age/Chronological Age)Age/Chronological Age)

►Mental Age:Mental Age: The age that reflects The age that reflects ones ability in comparison to othersones ability in comparison to others

IntelligenceIntelligence► Alfred Binet (1857-1911)Alfred Binet (1857-1911)- Defined intelligence as the capacity to find and Defined intelligence as the capacity to find and

maintain a purpose, adapt a strategy, reach maintain a purpose, adapt a strategy, reach that purpose, and evaluate and adjust as that purpose, and evaluate and adjust as necessarynecessary

- Developed a test to assess general cognitive Developed a test to assess general cognitive abilities, such as attention, judgment, and abilities, such as attention, judgment, and reasoningreasoning

- 30 Tasks put forth on first intelligence test, now 30 Tasks put forth on first intelligence test, now know as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Testknow as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

IntelligenceIntelligence► David Wechsler David Wechsler - Criticized Binet’s test as drawing Criticized Binet’s test as drawing

conclusions that are too broad/summarize conclusions that are too broad/summarize single scoresingle score

- Developed subscales to represent different Developed subscales to represent different cognitive abilities:cognitive abilities:

a)a) Verbal Score: comprehension, vocabulary, Verbal Score: comprehension, vocabulary, information, similarities, arithmetic, etc.information, similarities, arithmetic, etc.

b)b) Performance Score: object assembly, block Performance Score: object assembly, block design, picture comprehension, picture design, picture comprehension, picture arrangement, etc.arrangement, etc.

c)c) Overall ScoreOverall Score

Example IQ Test QuestionsExample IQ Test Questions1. What does it mean when people say haste makes 1. What does it mean when people say haste makes

waste?waste?

2. Why are convicted criminals put into prison?2. Why are convicted criminals put into prison?

3. What are six New England States?3. What are six New England States?

4. In what ways are an ostrich and a penguin alike?4. In what ways are an ostrich and a penguin alike?

5. Repeat these numbers backwards: 3 8 7 2 15. Repeat these numbers backwards: 3 8 7 2 1

Gardner’s Multiple Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesIntelligences

►LinguisticLinguistic►SpatialSpatial►Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical►MusicalMusical► InterpersonalInterpersonal► IntrapersonalIntrapersonal►NaturalisticNaturalistic►ExistentialExistential

Gardner’s Multiple Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesIntelligences

LinguisticLinguistic The ability to learn The ability to learn and use language(s)and use language(s)

SpatialSpatial The ability to The ability to recognize and recognize and manipulate patternsmanipulate patterns

Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical The ability to The ability to problem-solve in a problem-solve in a logical waylogical way

MusicalMusical The ability to The ability to compose, perform, compose, perform, and appreciate musicand appreciate music

BodilyBodily The ability to use The ability to use one’s body to solve one’s body to solve problemsproblems

Gardner’s Multiple Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesIntelligences

InterpersonalInterpersonal The ability to The ability to understand understand intentions, intentions, motivations, and motivations, and desiresdesires

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal The ability to The ability to understand one’s selfunderstand one’s self

NaturalisticNaturalistic Paying attention to Paying attention to the environment and the environment and related issuesrelated issues

ExistentialExistential Being concerned with Being concerned with ultimate ultimate issues/higher truthsissues/higher truths

MotivationMotivation►Motivation: the activation behind goal-Motivation: the activation behind goal-

oriented behaviororiented behavior- Instinct Theory: Motives are driven by Instinct Theory: Motives are driven by

instinct to support survival and procreationinstinct to support survival and procreation- Primary Drive Theory: Motives are driven by Primary Drive Theory: Motives are driven by

the need for peace/homeostasisthe need for peace/homeostasis- Drive-Reduction Theory: Motives are driven Drive-Reduction Theory: Motives are driven

by biological urgesby biological urges- Incentive Theory: Motives are driven by the Incentive Theory: Motives are driven by the

search for rewardsearch for reward

Motivation QuestionsMotivation Questions

►What motivates you?What motivates you?

►What are some of the goals that drive What are some of the goals that drive you?you?

Manslow’s Hierarchy of Manslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsNeeds

►1. Physiological1. Physiological►2. Safety2. Safety►3. Belonging/Love3. Belonging/Love►4. Esteem/Recognition4. Esteem/Recognition►5. Cognitive/Exploration5. Cognitive/Exploration►6. Aesthetic6. Aesthetic►7. Self-Actualization7. Self-Actualization►8. Transcendence8. Transcendence

Questions, Comments, Questions, Comments, ReflectionsReflections

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