Introduction to Vehicular Cloud Computing

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Modern Vehicles

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VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network The concept of VANETs is quite simple: by incorporating the wireless

communication and data sharing capabilities, the vehicles can be turned into a

network providing similar services to the ones we are used to in our office or

home networks.

Set of moving vehicles at will and treated as nodes within road infrastructure

constraints

V2I (RVC), V2V (IVC) communications through DSRC (Dedicated Short Range

Communication)

Aim

• Improvement of traffic safety

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VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network

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CC & MCC Cloud Computing

“Enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of

configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and

released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

(NIST)

Mobile Cloud Computing

“…. an infrastructure where both the data storage and the data

processing… outside of the mobile device. …computing power and data

storage away from mobile phones and into the cloud”

Mobile cloud computing is based on the fact that, without financing in

infrastructure, businesses can function by renting the infrastructure and

the necessary software for their organization. 5

Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC)

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VCCDefinition by Eltoweissy et al.(2011):

“A group of largely autonomous vehicles whose computing,

sensing, communication and physical resources can be

coordinated and dynamically allocated to authorized

users.”

Unexploited computing resource

Parked vehicles

Vehicles stuck in the congestion

Parked cars in the airport

In the CC, MCC and Sensor-cloud architecture, a physical datacentre unit is in

charge of performing the data computation and storage but in VCC, however,

the virtual aggregated of vehicles' resources generates the datacentre cloud.

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VCC Architecture

Three layers

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VCC Services Network as a Service (NaaS)

Cars with internet facilities can offer this service

Advertisement of information among other vehicles

Storage as a Service (STaaS)

Different from offering network access or computing resources

Problem: Availability and reliability of data stored due to dynamic nature

Solution: Replication-based storage

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VCC Services Cooperation as a Service (CaaS)

New form of community service to share:

Traffic jam warnings

Weather and road conditions

Parking availability etc.

In CaaS, users have preferences over services that they subscribe and

share information through the network.

Formulation of the network as a cluster by using Content Based Routing

(CBR)

CBR: information is disseminated based on content rather than destination

address10

VCC Services Computing as a Service

Registered vehicular cloud network in US is 256 million vehicle

Several hours in parking lot: unexploited storage and computing resource

Information as a Service (INaaS) and Entertainment as a

Service (ENaaS)

Safe driving information such as road conditions, advance warnings etc.

Advertisements, commercials and movies as entertainment

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Vehicular Cloud Formation Scenarios Stationary VC formation

Several cases VC may act as normal conventional cloud

Ex: Parked cars in a company’s parking lot during work hours

Why buy or rent when you have resources to waste!

Linked with a fixed infrastructure

Benefiting from static VC in support of

management of various events

Ex: Congested vehicles’ cloud power

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VC Formation Scenarios Dynamic formation

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Applications of VCC

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An airport as a datacenter Vehicles parked in long-term parking

Plugged into a standard power outlet

Connected to the Internet by Wifi or cable

Main issue

Scheduling resources and assigning computational tasks considering the

time-varying departures and arrivals

Eucalyptus model

The Eucalyptus model involves a client-side API on one side of the network

communicates with a cloud controller that is in charge of managing

multiple cluster controllers.

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An airport as a datacenter Eucalyptus model

Datacenter manager as cloud controller

Four components

Negotiation with various potential clients that require cloud service

Broker Daemon

Responsible for configuring the available cloud resources to meet the commitments

Virtualization agent

Responsible for discovering and managing dynamically changes cloud resources

Resource Manager

Responsible for allocation of computational tasks to each cluster

Task scheduler

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Shopping mall data center US statistics show that

95% of the shoppers spend more than 1 hour at a mall

68% of the shoppers spend more than 2 hours at a mall

Shopping mall management can exploit these resources by:

Offering Pay-as-you-go services in exchange for

Thousands of cars park in the malls for several hours Idle computing resources!

Perks such as free parking and extra discounts at the mall!

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Dynamic Assignment of HOV Lanes Primary purpose of HOV lanes:

Increase in the transportation of total number of people in a congested

area

Savings in travel time

Better travel time prediction

Primary beneficiaries: carpoolers, vanpoolers and transit users

Currently it is just used in rush hours due to lack of signals.

AVC can make recommendations for setting up HOV lanes

dynamically

To increase traffic flow

To minimize travel times18

References http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804513001793#

http://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_3/11_November2013/

V3I11-0612.pdf

http://nrlweb.cs.ucla.edu/publication/download/779/06257116_1_.pdf

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