Introduction to Vortex Process Technology

W A T E R E N E R G Y N E X U S

W A T E R C H E M I C A L E N E R G Y

Why Vortex Process Technology (VPT)for water?

21st Century Technology Applied physics instead of chemical

and mechanical engineering Enabled by 3-D printing Proven in European and US

industry

Applications include Irrigation – from greenhouses to

golf courses Aeration and mixing Aquaculture Residential / commercial

limescale elimination Wastewater treatment and river

recovery HVAC efficiency

Delivered benefits include Water savings Chemical savings Energy savings Limescale prevention Low energy installations Low maintenance Cost savings

Easily fitted / retrofitted Cooling towers Greenhouses Irrigation systems Residential property Aquaculture Water Treatment plants

If you are looking for water efficiency - don’t miss this technology!

Vortex Process Technology hasTwo Core Configurations

Industrial Vortex Generator

Degassing(removal of airbubbles)

Lime scale preventionImproved wetting

Improved heat transfer

FlowMixer

AerationMixing

Healthy riversWaste Water Treatment

Idea behind the Technology?

Technology

Using Vortex Process Technology (VPT)generates strong vortex motion

in controlled environments

Operations

Mounted directly on water pipeNo moving parts

No need for energy sources

Effectiveness

Non-adhering lime particlesDecreases viscosity

Increases conductivityIncreases heat capacity

Vortex Process Technology allows fluid to self organize into an ordered vortex movement.

The unique biomimetic design of Watreco’s vortex generators allows the harnessing of the extreme power of atornado in industrial applications.

H2O Vortex, Watreco and MOSSWho are we ?

• H2O Vortex is a Luxembourg based company whose focus lies incommercializing and distributing sustainable and energy saving solutionsto a wide variety of global markets.

• Solutions are based on Vortex Process Technology (VPT).

• Technology platform is owned and patented by Swedish cleantechcompany Watreco.

What are we trying to solve?

VPT patented technology delivers watertreatment solutions that will help you save water,energy and chemicals and reduce maintenanceoperational costs.

• We help you reduce water consumption

• We help you reduce energy costs

• We reduce lime/calcium deposits

• We use no chemicals in our processes

• We offer easy installation and operation

• We work with the largest industry players

• We learn and extend our application fields everyday

• We deliver against the highest levels of supportand quality standards

Environmental Pyramid

Vortex Process Technology targetssolutions without chemicals whilereducing water and energy usageat the same time.

Provides alternative lime scaleprevention technologies thatminimize chemical use andtoxic waste

IVG VPT Technology Platform

Air Relief

VPT TreatedWater

Degassing

Formation / Fragmentation /Cavitation

• Viscosity 10% minus• Heat transfer 3%+• Electrical Conductivity 3%+• Surface Tension = Equal• Shattered Lime Particles• Degassed Water

Tap Water

11

2a2a

2b2b

33

What actually happens

Build up of larger oxygenformations in Vortex chamberas oxygen unites in lowerpressure area.

Isolated bubbles disperse intomicro bubbles when hittingVortex Preformer stage

Hexagonal lime build up isshattered into amorphousstructures and releases itsstrength/structure

Videoclip – VPT for Cooling Towers

This image cannot currently be displayed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWcBEPlj2-I

IVG Product Range

Input: Pressure (Bar)

Output: Flow (m3/h)

Standard product ranges for a wide range of applications

*IVG 1+2+3 available on request

**

*

IVG Specifications and OperatingWindows

IVG Material Properties

• IVG are made of PA2200 on the basis of Polyamide 12• Very balanced property profile for wide range of applications• High strength and stiffness• Typical service temperature -40C to +80C ( maximum mechanical strength)• Good chemical resistance*(report on request)• Excellent long term constant behavior• Contains stabilizers against oxidation• Numerous finishing possibilities (powder coating , metallization)• Bio Compatible following EN ISO 10993-1 and USP level 121C• Approved for direct food contact EU directive 2002/72/EC• Freeform ® Manufacturing Process

VPT Application Grid

IVG Range Cooling Towers Lime Scale Residences Irrigation Green Houses

IVG4 Small 10-20 apartments Small

IVG6 Standard 21-50 apartments Standard

IVG10 Large 50-100 apartments Large

IVG15 X-Large > 100 apartments X-Large

VPT Application Grid

*plus Realice r1x Hand Unit

REALice Range Small Ice Rink Standard Ice Rink Multi Arena

REALice R4x* X X

REALice R6x* X X

REALice R10x* X X

VPT Application Grid

FlowMixer Pond Lake River

FlowMixer 10 X X X

FlowMixer 50 X X

VPT Application Grid

FlowMixer Sewage Aquaculture

FlowMixer 10 Small/Medium Small/Medium

FlowMixer 50 Large/X-Large Medium/Large

Recognition - Awards + Certifications

2009 CleanTech

AwardSweden

WWF Climate Solver2011 Nominee

German DVGWW270

CertificationMicrobiologicalTest Compliance

on PA2200

Bio-Compatibility test

FollowingEC/ ISO 10993-1

REALiceApproved for Utility Incentives

inUSA and Canada

IVG Cooling TowerApproved for Utility Incentives

inUSA

Accepted into EU Horizon2020 Program for cooling

tower innovation

Awarded Top 20 Innovationof 2015 by ESource

Cooling Tower Market Focus

Industry: Cooling Towers - oil refineries, chemical plants, power stations,food processing, building cooling etc.

Application: IVG- CT Treated Water for Cooling CircuitFeature: Lime/Calcium Prevention, Water SavingsBenefits: No Chemicals - Less Wear and Tear - Less Energy – Higher Electrical

Conductivity

Scale Formation

• Due to evaporation of water(impurities left behind)

• Acts as insulation – moredifficult for heat to transfer

• Every 1oF in Refrigerant Condensing Temperature requires compressorto consume 1.5% more energy

• Can lead to System Shut Down

Cooling Tower Water Treatment

Lower Temperature of Water through evaporation

Problem Statement:Water circulating is very corrosive and containsmicro organism and lime.Impurities picked up in cooling tower cause scale andlower thermal efficiency.Impurities also clog piping so that circulating pumpsneed to work harder and consume more power.

Typical Solution:Aggressive chemicals are used to control scaling andcorrosion, producing high amounts of chemicaldischarge.

H2O Vortex Solution:IVG-CT treated water grinds down lime impuritiessignificantly reducing scaling without hazardousdischarge.

How Configured?

.(VPT) FOR COOLING TOWERS AS A SIDE STREAMWATER TREATMENT

Approach Summary

A SUSTAINABLE PATHWAY TO IMPROVING OPERATIONS – COOLING TOWERS

Water

Chemicals

Energy

InformationContinuous performancemonitoring to lock in and maintainresultsWeb Access to data and analytics

Increase heat transfer capability –maintain design conditionsEmbedded energy in water adds tosavings profile

Dramatically reduce chemicalsClean waste water – can recycle

Depending on site water conditions, willincrease COC to 5–10 reducing blow downand enabling re-use of blow-down water

Technology Overview

The design enables a consistent and low energy method to achieve physical water treatment(PWT) water treatment in a variety of end use applications.

Pre-former: Inlet of the vortex generator provides smooth outward direction of the flowthrough toroidal motion toward a set of well-defined channels.

Channels: The fluid is directed through a set of channels, each with vortex-forming geometry.Each channel delivers a very high velocity stream of vortex flow tangentially into a vortexchamber.

Vortex chamber: Vortices from the channels form a strong and stable vortex flow

Toroidal Preformer

Channels

Vortex Chamber

High Velocity Streamcausing a strongly reducedpressure along the vortex axiswith a very low central pressure.There is pressure of 5 bar at theperiphery and almost vacuum inthe center, indicating a pressuregradient of at least 6 bar ormore at higher startingpressures.

Technology Overview

28/02/17 Copyright © Watreco AB, watreco.com 25

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWcBEPlj2-I

Micro-bubbles in water are pulled into the low-pressure chamber. Micro-bubblesthat are present migrate towards the center where the lowest pressure is andaccelerated due to the pressure gradient. The bubbles expand and combine in the center in the shape of a string of air

with a very low pressure. The strong hydrodynamic force creates cavitation changing the water balance

and affects the calcium crystals in the water. As bubbles are removed a decrease in viscosity of 5%-17% occurs.

Technology Overview

Heat capacity: + 5% for ice and + 3% for liquid water

Controlled Cavitation: Leads to the formation of lime particles in hard water. The process resultsin low pressure and high temperature micro-zone (solubility of CaCO3 decreases) causing thedissolved calcium and carbonate ions to react and form colloidal calcium carbonate crystals. Thisincreases pH and allows the particles to act as incubation sites for dissolved calcium andcarbonate ions to grow on, in lieu of, metal surfaces.

Fragmentation: Already formed lime particles fragment as they move through the pressuregradients and shear forces.

Precipitation - nuclei formation: Calcium bicarbonate (CaHCO3)2 in the water is forced to precipitate out in the form of

calcite (CaCO3) – primarily aragonite crystals which have minimal scaling properties –does not precipitate on warm surfaces

Such particles act as seeds (crystallization nuclei) for new lime growth. New limeformation will add to the lime particles rather than cause lime-scaling on the equipment.

For IVG-CT

Example based on the Barona Resort Hotel and Casino inCalifornia.

NOTE: Electric and water utilities will pay incentivesfor electric and water savings. Since they pumptheir own water and do not buy it there are noincentives. They still have a 2.5 year simple payback.

With full water and electric incentives the customer payback will be near 2 years.

Customer Return on Investment

A TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO GOVERNOR BROWN’SEXECUTIVE ORDER B-29-15

In 2015 Watreco together with its partner Cypress, concluded its first USA Water –Energy Nexus Pilot Project in California under the aegis of Southern California Edison(SCE).

SCE, the largest subsidiary of Edison International (NYSE:EIX), is the primaryelectricity supply company for much of Southern California, USA. It provides 14million people with electricity across a service territory of approximately 50,000 squaremiles.

The innovation developed by Watreco AB, Sweden, achieved reduced water and energyusage and lowered chemical usage in the cooling tower tested in accordancewith Governor Brown’s Executive Order B-29-15 to make California more drought-resilient.

USA Installation to help save waterin drought stricken California

Case Study

Location : City of Hope, CaliforniaDate of testing: August 2015Application: IVG-CT Cooling TowerStudy: Supervised by SC EdisonProblem Statement: Water/chemical usage

Before IVG-CT

After IVG-CT

Typical water usageTypical chemical usageto prevent lime scale.

42% Water usage reductions*33% Chemical usage reductions3.8% Energy usage reductions

* Based on COC settings

References @ Cooling Towers

Close relationship with the Customers

• Heineken, NL• Huntsmann, NL• Friesland Campina, NL• VCA, Asten, NL• Vriesoord, Den Bosch, NL• Vriesoord, Boxtel, NL• Firma, Oostende, Belgium• Vitelco, Den Bosch, NL• Flevo Farm Service, PuYen• Van Soest, Rijkevorsel, Belgium• Van Soest, Kesteren, NL• Community Icerink, Breda• City of Hope, USA• Southern California Edison, USA

Market Focus – limescale prevention inhomes and commerical buildings

Industry: Domestic - Homes , Residences, Stores , Restaurants etc.Application: Vortex Treated Water for water supply/usageFeature: Lime/Calcium preventionBenefits: No Chemicals - Less Wear and Tear - Less Energy Consumed

Case Study

Location : Val des Roses Residence , LuxembourgType of Installation: IVG 6 after fresh water filter (using ground water)Date: Jan 2011Application: Domestic Lime TreatmentProblem Statement: Reduce maintenance of water based infrastructure

Extension lifetime of appliances

* Ambiente Da Cruz

Before VPT

After VPT6 months

Aragonite Structure ( Hexagonal)*Heavy contamination with lime and rust

Amorphic Structure ( Chaotic Rounded)*Eliminate piping contamination,lime/rust deposit elimination

Market Focus - Agriculture

Industry: Irrigation - Agricultural IndustryApplication: Vortex Treated Water to enhance productivity of cropsFeature: Elimination of Lime and Air bubblesBenefits: Increase of absorption of the nutrients by plants = increase plant

growth , plant viability , crop yield , weight , shelf life.

Agriculture Case Study

Location : Advanced Horticulture Company*(Al Hayer, by Al Ain, Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE)

Type of Installation: IVG 6 treated Vortex Water Tank & Non treated Water TankAnno: May to July 2011Application: Enhance productivity of cucumber crop and establish

comparison between Vortex treated and Non- treated cropVortex Treated Non - Treated

*Test realized by Food Safety Management ConsultancyDr. Abdulla Ruwaida – detailed report available on request

Research Study - Cucumbers

A test was carried out in collaboration between the Advanced Horticulture Company (AlHayer, by Al Ain, UAE) and H2O Vortex, Luxemburg. The main objective was to study theeffect of using Vortex system on enhancing the productivity and other crop properties ofcucumbers under the local conditions of the United Arab Emirates.

Research Findings

• Vortex crop showed in general better results than the reference (control) crop withregard to all parameters tested.

• The growth of the Vortex crop was slightly faster than that of the reference crop.• The total yield expressed in kilograms was higher by 6.35 %.• The sub-optimal or reject cucumbers using Vortex system was less by 19.75%.• The shelf life of cucumbers from the Vortex crop was much better than that of the

reference crop when stored at low temperature.• Vortex system has positive effects not only on the plant growth and yield, but also on

product quality and shelf life as well as on product consistency and taste.

Improvement Centre, Netherlandsstudy provided the similar success.

Total yieldRejects significantlyQuicker growthOverall improved quality intaste and shelf life

Case Study – Tomato early plant growth

• Pilot study examined whethertreatment with Vortex ProcessTechnology of the irrigation waterused on tomato plants had any affecton plant growth.

• Plant height, stem, width andinternodal length were significantlydifferent in tomato plants grown inVortex-process water comparedwith the untreated control.

• This study focused ONLY on earlyplant growth phase and no otherinfluencing factors were studied.

• In other studies where full cropswere grown, results were similar tothat found in cucumbers.

In 2009/10 the Vortex was used to grow grapes inAudrey Wilkinson Vineyard, Newcastle AUST

Fertlizer and Water useYield

Water quality was improvedproducing grapes for the first time

on clay soil.

Due to the soil’s inability to absorb water, the vines in the test has never previouslyyield grapes. With use of Vortex Treated water – these vines grew plentiful, highquality grapes. Unfortunately the volume was never measured.

Paprika grown using VortexTreated water at theImprovement Centre in theNetherlands showed similarresults to Cucumbers

Total yield 6.35 %Rejects 19.75%Quicker growthOverall improved quality intaste and shelf life

In the desert and in space,the vortex is being used tospray water and fertilizer togrow crops known as AeroPonics. Yields are similar tothat of the cucumbers grownusing vortex treated water.

It’s application is being usedas an aerator to treat sludgeand bio-logical waste as wellas aerate and clean ponds,water ways and fish/shrimpfarms.

It’s also cleaning pollutedrivers and treating waste-water.

Market Focus - Aeration

Industry: Aeration - Sewage, Lakes & Rivers, AquacultureApplication: FlowMixer Treated Water to achieve high aeration in Sewage,

Lakes & Rivers, AquacultureFeature: Mixing Air with WaterBenefits: High efficiency, Low energy usage, No noise, Installed bellow

water surface, Low Maintenance

Case Study – River Recovery

Location : Dommel River, Eindhoven NetherlandsType of Installation: FlowMixerDate: April-August 2014Application: River Water Quality ImprovementProblem Statement: Improve oxygen levels and water quality after

rain/effluent overflows

Aeration capability proven Low energy usage confirmed Underwater installation – no vandalism Robust technology withstanding dirt and typical river pollution Friendly to local ecosystem

Implementation approved, contract awarded to Watreco for aerationof the Dommel River.

Summary and full reportsavailable upon request

90% oxygen all the time Wind driven pumps/lesser no energy use Solar powered freezer Growing algae for shrimp food and biodiesel Preserved mangroves 10 times higher income for the farmers

Case Study – Mexico, Aquaculture

Flow Mixer Aeration product data

Product FlowMixer 10 FlowMixer 50Length (mm) 349 700ø (mm) 153 329Material unit PA 2200 PA 2200Weight (kg) 1.4 10Inlet water (") 2 4Air inlet (") 1 2

Flow water min-max (m3/h) 5 - 11 25 - 50

Flow air min-max (m3/h) 5 - 11 25 - 50

Max Pressure (bar) 6 6Max deep (m) 1.5 - 2.0 1.5 - 2.0Max temperature (Celsius) 100 100

REALice

Industry: Ice Rinks- REALice ™ (Recognised as Top 20 Technologiy of 2015 by Esource – report available upon request)

Application: Complete Water System for Ice Rink Water TreatmentFeature: Degassing , Micro Bubble Dispersion, Anti-Lime ScalingBenefits: Higher Ice Temperature–Less Hot Water Consumption– Less Energy

Consumption – Less Lime Scale Formation – Improved Ice Quality

“Savings are significantand It contributes to abetter hockey Game”

Dr. Alan MurdochHead Coach & General Manager

Cyclone HockeyIowa State University

“Savings are significantand It contributes to abetter hockey Game”

Dr. Alan MurdochHead Coach & General Manager

Cyclone HockeyIowa State University

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXNOw-U8p-k

Location : Lulea Technical University Sweden• Water: Luleå municipal tap water• Pressure: 4 bar• Flow: around 1 m3/h• Unit: ST• Treated and untreated water was filled into 500 ml containers and left to freeze at -10 °C.

Thin slices were cut from the ice blocks and placed in cross-polarized light. Examples of the resultingimages are shown below figures

Before Realice

After Realice

Rich micro bubbles formationSmaller crystal structureIncreased viscosityLess heat conductivityHigher energy usage

Poor micro bubbles formationLarger crystal structureDecreases viscosityHigher heat conductivityLess energy usage * Images by Lulea TU

Ice Rinks and Crystal Formation

REALice application

Animation of the Watreco Patented - High PrecisionMechanical De-aeration Process.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPTfJWDYIbs

REALice Degassinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPvBOmLx3gE

References @ Ice Rinks

Multi Arena’s + 12000 spectators

•Malmö Arena , Malmö/Sweden•Hartwall Arena , Helsinki/Finland•O2 Arena, Hamburg/Germany

Arena’s + 4000 spectators

•Olympiahalle, Munich/Germany•Olympiaworld, Innsbruck/Austria•Patinoire des Vernets , Geneva/Switzerland

Ice Rinks

•Tivoli, Aachen/Germany•Iowa State University, Ames/USA•Mohawwk4, Hamilton/Canada•Leukerbad/Switzerland

Further Possibilities

Irrigation = Pure Water

Cleaning = Less water , no stripes

Oil Recovery

Degassing Liquids = Painting and/or Coating Industry Mixing = Fast and Efficient

Distribution and representation

Sales and Distribution

(Sweden Technical HQ)

(Luxembourg Commercial HQ)