IntroductionIntroduction

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Networking Networking BasicsBasics

By Avinash Kulkarni

• What is Network?• Devices Used in Network• Types of Network• Protocol• Network Diagram• Services on Network

Content :

By Avinash Kulkarni

• Networking is connecting two or more devices to allow communication between them with the purpose of sharing information and resources.

• The devices on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites or infrared light.

What is a Network?What is a Network?

By Avinash Kulkarni

Client/ServerClient/Server

• In Client/server model at least one computer acts as a server.

• Servers hold resources that are accessed over the network by clients.

• Resources are like shared files, e-mail, or applications.

By Avinash Kulkarni

Peer-to-PeerPeer-to-Peer

• In Peer-to-peer network model every computer can act as a client and a server at the same time.

• Operating systems allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers

By Avinash Kulkarni

LAN/MAN/WAN :LAN/MAN/WAN :

• The terms mainly refer to the geographical area of the network. LAN is Local Area Network & is a high speed network typically within a building.

• MAN is Metropolitan network. it is within a city.

• WAN is Wide Area Network and refers to low speed networks that covers a large distance. e.g. a network that spans several cities or the entire globe.

By Avinash Kulkarni

• Star

• Ring

• Mesh

Types of Network TopologiesTypes of Network Topologies

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• Devices are connected through a central hub.

Star Star

Hub.

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RingRing

• Every device is connected to two other devices forming a ring.

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• In a full mesh every device in the network is connected to every other device. In reality a partial mesh is often used, such as in backbone environments.

MeshMesh

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• Media cable • Network Interface Card• Hub • Switch• Router• Gateway

Networking DevicesNetworking Devices

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• UTP

• Fiber

Types of CablesTypes of Cables

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Ethernet• UTP Cat 3,5,6,7

Optical Fibre• Single Mode• Multimode

UTP & FiberUTP & Fiber

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Structured CablingStructured Cabling• UTP cable is rated according to its data carrying

capacity.– Cat 1 - analog & digital voice ( Telephone )– Cat 2 - ISDN & data speed up to 4 Mbps– Cat 3 - high speed data up to 16 Mbps– Cat 4 - high speed data up to 20 Mbps– Cat 5 - 100 Mbps– Cat 6 - 1000 Mbps

• Fiber optic cables– Multimode Fiber …100 FX– 2.5 Km– Multimode Fiber …Gigabit – 500m– Single Mode fiber – 40 Km

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FiberFiber UTP UTP • Expensive Low Cost• High capacity 1Gbps 100-1000 Mbps• Negligible loss Low loss • Difficult to join Easy to join• Distance in Kms In meters

By Avinash Kulkarni

Network Interface CardNetwork Interface Card

• A network adapter card plugs into the PC, to provide the connection to the network.

• Types of cards– Ethernet– Gigabit

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HubHub

Node - A Node - B

Node - C Node - D

Hub

Shared bandwidth

Latency Period more

Lot of collision Half Duplex

By Avinash Kulkarni

SwitchesSwitches• Switches allows you to avoid the congestion of

a shared Ethernet network by permitting you

to create individual segments.

By Avinash Kulkarni

RouterRouter• A networking device that is used to extend or

segment networks by forwarding packets from one logical network to another.

• Routers are most often used in large inter-networks that use for connecting TCP/IP hosts and local area networks (LANs) to the Internet using dedicated leased lines.

By Avinash Kulkarni

FirewallFirewall

• A firewall is a hardware device or software application that protects private networks from unauthorized external intruders.

• A firewall filters both inbound and outbound traffic and checks if it meets certain criteria.

By Avinash Kulkarni

Network Operating SystemsNetwork Operating Systems

• Network operating systems (NOS) coordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network.

• The network operating system acts as a director to keep the network running smoothly.

By Avinash Kulkarni

Network Operating Network Operating SystemsSystems

• Microsoft Windows NT/2000/2003• Linux• Novell Netware • Sun Solaris• Unix

By Avinash Kulkarni

Benefits of Network in OfficeBenefits of Network in Office• Sharing of Printers/Scanner• Files Sharing • Centralized Access to Office Automation tools

( MS Office, Lotus Notes etc.) and software like Virus Vaccine from the Server.

• Accessing centralized Database and Applications, MIS

• Centralized Mail Server and E-mail Client at Desktop

Continue….

By Avinash Kulkarni

• Centralized Intranet site having Employee database , Online leave applications, Travel forms, Medical Forms, Online Circulars/ Notice etc.

• Centralized Network Management.

• Setting up of Virtual LAN as per the function of the group irrespective of the physical locations of the employees

Continue….

By Avinash Kulkarni

IntranetIntranet• An intranet is a private network that is contained

within an enterprise.

• The main purpose of an intranet is to share

company information and computing resources

among employees.

• An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP, and other Internet

protocols.

• Intranet looks like a private version of the

Internet.

By Avinash Kulkarni

InternetInternet

• Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks

• Internet uses a set of protocols called TCP/IP

(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

• Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining

facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people

worldwide.

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LAN ServicesLAN Services

• Creating Work Group

• Sharing resources e.g. HDD,CD-ROM,FDD

and Printers

• Sharing Applications.

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Thank You !Thank You !

By Avinash Kulkarni