David M. Lodge Director, Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future,Professor, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Cornell University

Innovation SummitVision + Science + Technology = Solutions

Washington, DC, 7 December 2016

Invasion Impacts and Innovation in the North American Great Lakes

We can do this . . .

Problem: Harm > Benefit

Invasive species

We can do this . . .

Small beginnings great impact

photo: Brisbane City Council

We can do this . . .

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Annual cost of GL ship-borne invasions:$100-800M

We can do this . . .

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Sheet1

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Baltic Sea

Great Lakes

Sheet2

Sheet3

Dreissenid mussels

photo: M. McCormick, NOAA

photo: Kim Martin, USFWS photo: TownePost Network

photo: Jim Carlton

We can do this . . .

We can do this . . .

Dreissenid mussels

Asian carps: imminent threat to Great Lakes . . .

We can do this . . .

Aggregate costs of invasive species

Annual damages ($B 2015): US $146; Canada $31; Sweden $1; EU $19; China $14; SE Asia $34

Challenges: exponential increase, apparently irreversible Typical policy approach: external costs not internalized;

suffer, react, adapt; Solutions: innovative policy, science, technology

Risk-based management is common, effective, and cost effective

Pharmaceutical safety Food safety Infectious disease

MERS

We can do this . . .

Lessons from invasive pathogen: SARS

SARS first/last probable case data: World Health OrganizationWe can do this . . .

Problem: Harm > Benefit

Invasive species solutions

Solution: Improve policy, use recent science and technology to improve:

Prevention via species profiling Surveillance programs Eradication of new invasions Slowed invasion spread Control of populations

http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/eprint/JnVyUqX9Bp8kC2Ny5Wqa/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085532

Lodge et al. 2016. Annual Rev. Environment & Resources:

We can do this . . .

http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/eprint/JnVyUqX9Bp8kC2Ny5Wqa/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085532http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/eprint/JnVyUqX9Bp8kC2Ny5Wqa/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085532

Prevention: Species profiling

Distinguish harmful from

benign

Statisticalmodeling

Photo: V. Litvinov Photo: USFWS

Photo: qwertzy2

Royal PlecPanaque nigrolineatus

Photo: K. Jakubec

Photo: National Park ServicePhoto: F. Slattery

Photo: Marine Discovery

Photo: D. Vereeken

Photo: D. Vereeken

Photo: N. Monks

Silver ArowanaOsteoglossum bicirrhosum

Red ShinerCyprinella lutrensis

Zebra TilapiaTilapia buttikoferi

OscarAstronotus ocellatus

Siamese Fighting FishBetta splendens

Arctic GraylingThymallus arcticus

Westslope Cutthroat TroutOncorhynchus clarkii

Florida GarLepisosteus platyrhincus

Red Bellied PiranhaPygocentrus nattereri

Surveillance: eDNA create a baseline for species occurrence monitoring imperiled species surveillance for invasions

greater geographic coverage less time extract increasing information from eDNA

We can do this . . .

Eradication (not just for islands)

RatRat Island, AK

Feral PigSanta Cruz Island, CA

SandspurLaysan

CaulerpaSan Diego, CA

CaulerpaPort-Cros Marine Park, France

Feral CatAscension Island

Anopheles gambiaeBrazil

Black Striped MusselDarwin, Australia

Karroo ThornWestern Australia

Pampas grassNew Zealand

White-spotted tussock mothNew Zealand

WitchweedCarolinas, USA

Giant African Land SnailMiami, FL

Photo: cdc.gov

Photo: C Oneal

Photo: D Nickrent,

Photo: NT, AUS

Photo: M Newton

We can do this . . .

Slow the spread

Inspection and boat washing stations Ballast water

treatment system

Electric barriers to fish invasion

We can do this . . .

Control

Sea lampreyJohnson grass

We can do this . . .

Problem: Harm > Benefit

Solutions: Improve policy, use recent science and technology to improve:

Prevention via species profiling Surveillance programs Eradication of new invasions Slowed invasion spread Control of populations

Making solutions sustainable by monetizing net benefits: The net economic benefits delivered by solutions = business opportunity

We can do this . . .

Invasive species solutions

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Aggregate costs of invasive speciesSlide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Eradication (not just for islands)Slow the spreadControlSlide Number 17