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Invertebrate Animals
Outline
Sponges, Phylum Porifera
28 May 2015 1Invertebrate-1.ppt
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 2
Animal Life
• Four critical processes• Obtain energy and material• Ingest, digest, absorb
• Obtain oxygen
• Dispose of nitrogenous waste• NH3, urea, uric acid
• Dispose of CO2
• Easy for 1-few cells
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 3
Animal Life • Harder for multicellular organisms
• Large multicellular organisms require • Internal circulation
• Coordination, information transfer
• Structural maintenance
• Movement
• Maintenance of homeostatic internal environment
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 4
Animal Life • We will study 9 Phyla in order of
increasing complexity.
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 5
Animal Life • Outline for each Phylum:• Name and etymology
• General characters• Body plan and example
• Gut, symmetry, etc.
• Cell and tissue organization
• Special, unique “distinguishing” characters
• Where & how they live
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 6
Animal Life
• Outline for each Phylum (continued):• Special concerns of a multicellular animal• Food, gas exchange, waste removal
• Circulation, Coordination, Structural support, Movement, Maintenance of homeostasis—water balance.
• Reproduction
• Classes (and Orders ?) • Distinguishing the Classes
Animal Life Geologic Time Scale
(Table 25.1, page 527)
Names of Eras in order
Names of Periods and Epochs, associated with Era
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 7
Animal Life
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 8
• Early fossil record of animals
• Simplest animals• Sponges
• Cnidarians
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 9
Phylum Porifera
• Phylum Porifera (Calcarea + Silicea)• “pore bearers”
• No symmetry; may resemble radial symmetry
• Marine, freshwater
• Cells• Four kinds: “epidermal,” amoebocytes,
porocytes, choanocytes
Phylum Porifera
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 10
• Unique characters• Choanocytes (collar cells)
• Cell body, flagellum, collar
• Feeding cells
• Shared with choanoflagellates• Are sponges animals ?
• Spicules
• Spongocoel & osculum
Phylum Porifera
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 11
• Special concerns • Food
• O2 and CO2 exchange
• Waste removal
• Water flow
Phylum Porifera
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 12
• Special concerns: • Water flow for circulation
• Little coordination• Chemical communication,
• no nerve cells
• Skeletons of CaCO3, SiO2, spongin
• Little movement, • no muscle cells
• Each cell maintains itself
28 May 2015 Invertebrate-1.ppt 13
Phylum Porifera
• Reproduction• Sequential hermaphrodites
• Asexual
• Classification uncertain (polyphyletic ?)
• Classes based on nature of skeleton • Spicules of CaCO3
• Spongin
• Both
• Spicules of SiO2