IOM Regional Office East and Southern Africa Meeting 2013 Document_IOM... · IOM Regional Office for East and Southern Africa ... MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK ... M&D Migration

1 | P a g e IOM Regional Office for East and Southern Africa

Strategy 2012‐2013

IOM Regional Office for East and Southern Africa Strategy Meeting 2012 ‐ 2013

Pretoria 10‐12 October 2011



Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 3

Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................... 4

Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 6

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 7

STRATEGIC DIRECTION .............................................................................................................. 9

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR 2012 ‐ 2013 ............................................................................... 10

Region’s Strategic Objective towards “WINNABLE VICTORIES” 2012 ................................. 11

IOM East and Southern Africa Overview ......................................................................................... 14

IOM in East Africa ........................................................................................................................................ 15

IOM in Southern Africa ............................................................................................................................... 20

REGIONAL THEMATIC PRIORITIES ........................................................................................... 27

Labour Migration, Migration and Development ............................................................................. 27

Counter‐Trafficking, Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration, Mixed Migration ................. 28

Immigration and Border Management (IBM) ................................................................................. 28

Migration and Health ....................................................................................................................... 29

Migration and the Environment ...................................................................................................... 30

Emergency and Post‐Crisis (EPC) ...................................................................................................... 30

Regional Cross‐Border Programmes ................................................................................................ 31

MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 33

IOM East and Southern Africa Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) . 34

Key Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 35

Annex1: Summary of Important Points Raised on the Role of the Project Developer and Project Endorsement in Country Office/Regional Office Cooperation on Project Development ........................................................................................................................... 38

Annex2: Summary of Projects and Budget in the Region ................................................ 41

Annex 3: Meeting Agenda ................................................................................................. 42



Acknowledgements Due to the effort and backing of many colleagues that diligently contributed to the strategic development process, IOM East and Southern Africa is pleased to present its Strategic Framework for 2012 – 2013. It is only with the unfailing support and commitment of our partners, the governments, donors, civil society and other key stakeholders that not only the production of this strategy was made possible, but also the vital implementation of programmes that these partnerships enabled and this strategy underscores. It is IOM East and Southern Africa’s hope that this strategy will become a design that will inspire other IOM regions and missions to develop and continue to form a common vision for IOM globally to manage migration to the benefit of all. IOM is grateful for the financial support and the dynamic engagement of all our donors and supporters without whom IOM would not be able to deliver the services to those most vulnerable, the migrants, which IOM attends to. For all of this, IOM is greatly appreciative.



Abbreviations and Acronyms ACBC Africa Capacity Building Centre ACP Africa Caribbean Pacific AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AVRR Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration AU African Union CBO Community Based Organization CCCM Camp Coordination and Camp Management CEPGL Economic Community for Great Lakes Region CO Country Office CoM Chief of Mission COP17 17th Conference of the Parties CRP Community Revitalization Programmes CT Counter‐trafficking DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DRD Donor Reporting Division DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EAC East Africa Community GoA Government of Angola GoB Government of Burundi GoDRC Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo GoE Government of Ethiopia GoL Government of Lesotho GoM Government of Mauritius GoMoz Government of Mozambique GoR Government of Rwanda GoS Government of Somalia GoSA Government of South Africa GoSS Government of South Sudan GoSw Government of Swaziland GoT Government of Tanzania GoU Government of Uganda GoZam Government of Zambia GoZim Government of Zimbabwe GRN Government of the Republic of Namibia HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HoO Head of Office IBM Immigration and Border Management IM Irregular Migration IO Indian Ocean IOC Indian Ocean Countries IOM International Organization for Migration IPs Implementing Partners IPEC International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour LM Labour Migration MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MIDSA Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa MM Mixed Migration



MS Member States M&D Migration and Development M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NGO Non‐Governmental Organization PD Project Development PHAMESA Partnership on Health and Mobility in East and Southern Africa RBM Results Based Management RD Regional Director RDT Regional Directors Team (within the United Nations) RECs Regional Economic Communities RO Regional Office RQN Return of Qualified Nationals R&D Research and Development SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence SLM Special Liaison Mission SOP Standard Operating Procedures SSR Security Sector Reform TB Tuberculosis UAMs Unaccompanied Minors UN United Nations UNCT United Nations Country Team UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNHCR United Nations High Commission for refugees VolRep Voluntary Repatriation WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene (programme) WFP World Food Programme



Foreword IOM is the leading inter‐governmental organization in the field of migration and has helped more than 12 million migrants since its establishment in 1951. IOM has the support of 132 Member States and 97 observers, including 17 states and 80 global international and inter‐governmental organizations. IOM operates in over 400 field locations with more than 7,300 employees functional in the framework of 2,900 projects. In 2010 the total expenditure for IOM globally was 1.4 billion USD. Among the members and observers are IOM East and Southern Africa. The IOM East and Southern Africa Regional Office was established in July 2011 after a dynamic restructuring of IOM’s regional coverage globally. It is in light of this that IOM East and Southern Africa endeavored to develop a robust strategic plan to ensure that the organization maintains its valued partnerships, comparative advantage and close coordination with governments, donors and most importantly the migrants which IOM so diligently serve. Taking into account the dynamic nature of migration and the contextualized operational challenges of IOM’s missions in East and Southern Africa, this strategy outlines the strategic objectives and thematic priorities for the organization regionally. The strategy is based on IOM’s global vision that emphasizes the importance of facilitating human and orderly migration for the benefit all, namely Governments of sending and receiving countries, migrants and host communities. The successful implementation of this strategic plan not only relies on the continued support of IOM’s partners, but also the employees of this organization that facilitates, coordinates and monitors the services and interventions rendered to beneficiaries worldwide. IOM remains dedicated to our work with governments, donors, other UN agencies and key stakeholders to continue to work towards collective results that will benefit migrants, encourage sustainable development and achieve regional development goals. IOM East and Southern Africa continues to call for the support of all these stakeholders and wishes to thank them for the continued partnership and patronage that they have shown IOM over the past years.

Bernardo Mariano Regional Director IOM East and Southern Africa



Executive Summary

Migration across East and Southern Africa demonstrates varied patterns or flows. IOM addresses these migration flows through providing proactive interventions and seeking the effective delivery of programmes to cope with factors such as socio‐economic complications, CC & ED challenges, intra‐regional migration management gaps and constricted migration policies and protocols.

Coverage of Pretoria Regional Office (EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA)

25 Countries covered by Pretoria Regional Office:

‐ Southern Africa (SADC): Angola, Botswana, DRC, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

‐ Indian Ocean Commission (IOC): Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles, La Reunion

‐ East African Commission (EAC): Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

‐ Horn of Africa (HoA): Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia

‐ Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD): Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan

17 IOM Country Missions: Angola, Burundi, Djibouti, DRC, Ethiopia*, Kenya**, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa***, Tanzania, South Sudan, Uganda, Zambia****, Zimbabwe (*) Liaison Function with AU and UNECA (**) Accountable for developing the HoA strategy and for ensuring that regional specificities are taken into account in programmatic and administrative activities of offices within the HoA except Ethiopia (***) Liaison function with COMESA (****) Liaison function with SADC

IOM in East and Southern Africa currently operates on a budget of approximately 300 million USD, spread across 2 regions, 18 countries, 228 projects and 1,400 employees. The projects that IOM facilitates are aligned with global, regional, country and mission level strategies and delivered in partnership with Member State (MS), developmental partners, Regional Economic Communities (REC) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) .Even though IOM in East and Southern Africa represents both a geographical and funding presence, the diverse nature and immense drain that migration has in these regions requires the organization to reformulate key priorities and core



functions, as well as develop a strategic road map to address sustainable migration management in the long‐run.

As with IOM’s regional strategy for southern Africa for 2010 – 2011, this strategy is linked to the operational context and regional priorities of governments, and aims at addressing the migration challenges posed to the region. These challenges include the lack of migration data, weak border management and controls, lack of harmonised migration management plans, irregular migration and human trafficking and the overall vulnerabilities of migrants.

The overall strategic objective of the strategy remains to assist governments, migrants and society to: Uphold the rights and meet the needs of migrants; Harness the benefits of migration, address its challenges and constraints, and mitigate the associated risks; and Manage migration to contribute to the attainment of regional development goals.

This strategic plan consists of 4 parts that include the Strategic Direction of IOM East and Southern Africa; the Strategic Objectives for 2012 ‐ 2103; Regional Thematic Priorities and the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for results based management.

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Africa. To this extent the RO will be providing technical assistance and backstopping to all missions within these two regions, and core specialized staff are currently filling positions of support and specialization that will be key for delivering expertise guidance to missions as IOM continues to develop and implement their country projects. This Strategic Plan has been developed during a period of considerable developmental challenges not only in Africa, but globally. Global economic instability, political insecurity, humanitarian crises as a result of Climate Change and Environmental Degradation (CC & ED) including increased donor fatigue and shifting funding trends are only a few of the complications that IOM faces in terms of remaining relevant and providing sustainable migration management solutions within the region. In view of the foregoing, the selection of relevant and appropriate responses to these needs and demands remains challenging as migration is not a static element. Thus, to address these challenges in the most proactive and realistic manner, IOM RO for East and Southern Africa took on a strategic improvement of the organization’s project development (PD) and strategic planning and implementation. The Strategic Plan defines a collective agenda, a shared vision, and priorities on collaboration and coordination in furtherance of sustainable development for these regions. The successful implementation of this Strategic Plan is linked primarily to the principles of transparency and Results‐Based Management (RBM) and relies heavily on IOM’s partnership with Member States (MS), Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and Developmental Partners (DPs). IOM RO for East and Southern Africa wishes to be accountable and remain relevant to migration needs, not only to its partners, but most importantly the migrants that IOM assists. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR 2012 ‐ 2013 Considerable progress has been made in the area of migration management across the East and Southern Africa region. The development of country specific and regional relevant strategic frameworks equips missions with not only a common vision, but a result‐driven approach towards efficient and effective service delivery.

The IOM East and Southern Africa Strategy is aligned to the IOM Africa Strategy as developed in 2010. As with the Africa Strategy, this document is designed to identify and list the priority areas of focus for the region and to ensure the programmatic consolidation and strategic positioning of IOM in the region. The Africa Strategy further recommends regional programmes as the most preferred approach, therefore gives credence to the IOM East and Southern Africa regional approach.

The IOM East and Southern Africa Strategic Objectives for 2012 ‐ 2013 are as follows:

1. Facilitating regional Labour Migration and Migration and Development programmes by establishing of migration resource centres and institutional frameworks governing LM management, promoting diaspora mapping, outreach and engagement, increasing research on LM and creating frameworks for the comprehensive management of remittance flows.

2. Strengthening programmes on CT, AVRR and MM by promoting MM initiatives, contextualising mission programmes and developing a regional AVR and humanitarian strategy aimed at improving IOM involvement and accountability in terms of sending and receiving countries.

3. Enhancing Immigration and Border Management through the development of inter‐departmental cooperation programmes.



4. Promoting Climate Change and Environmental Degradation by formalising accreditation to the Adaptation Fund and identifying countries with existing capacity to engage in CC and ED programming, sharing joint programmes across EGAD regionally and taking stock of IOM’s work already implemented.

5. Facilitating Cross‐border Programmes by establishing and promoting these programmes regionally and identifying the countries in the region that would most benefit from such initiatives.

6. Developing EPC Programmes by ensuring the continuity of IOM EPC programmes from responding through post‐crisis, early recovery and community stabilisation to development, developing a regional roster of personnel for migration crisis management and transition recovery purposes and adopting a common set of SoPs and policies for humanitarian emergency response and post‐crisis activities in the region.

7. Maintaining existing and fostering new relationship with donors by developing a donor profile that proactively lists donors and potential partners within the region and identifying those where initiatives are needed to strengthen and/or formalise partnerships.

8. Maintaining a comparative advantage in Migration Management (MM) and ensuring the optimal functioning of the Regional Office by developing a knowledge exchange and management initiative, identifying the 1035‐faciltiy priorities for 2012, engaging a strategy for Implementing partners (IPs), developmental stakeholders and donors, promoting the ratification of conventions and protocols towards the alignment of national policies, promoting the regularised consultative processes on regional and sub‐regional levels, encouraging high‐levels dialogues on MM, developing a regional Project Development (PD) strategy, strengthening CCCM cluster leadership and adopting a results‐based management practices.

Region’s Strategic Objective towards “WINNABLE VICTORIES” 2012

The IOM East and Southern Africa Regional Office is committed to align the implementation steps for

the achievement of the IOM Winnable Victories 2012 agreed at the “IOM 2nd Annual Senior

Managers Strategic Retreat & 1st Meeting of the Policy Formulation and Coordinating Committee”

held on 6th and 7th of October 2011 in Annecy, France,

Senior managers agreed to retain the strategic objectives, to improve awareness among

staff at headquarters and the field, and to align implementing steps, or ‘Winnable Victories”

in 2012

IOM 2012 Winnable Victories:

1. 160 Member States by June (SRAs, RDs and CoMs);

Number of countries within SEA Region = 25 Number of IOM’s member states within SEA Region = 17

ESA Objective: securing 5 additional member states (South Sudan, Mozambique, Seychelles, Ethiopia and Malawi) through combined efforts of the teams at the Regional Office, Headquarters, and Colleagues in the country office by June 2012.



2. Budget of $2 billion and $60 million in DI (CoMs and RDs);

ESA Objective: Increasing the current regional budget from $300 million to $500 million by focusing on:

Come up with ideas on potential new projects

Liaise with donors for new funding opportunities

Stay informed on needs & priorities of the country (new trends, dynamics, etc.)

Stimulate (donor, UNCT, Gov.) interest among donors, governments, and the UNCT, inter alia

Engage in frequent networking and fundraising

Enhance quality and reliability in project implementation

Ensure continuity of IOM EPC programmes (from emergency response through post‐Crisis,

early recovery, community stabilization to development)

Enhancing IOM’s visibility

Build new partnerships and enhance the existing ones

Expanding the list of donors within the region

3. 5% of funding from new sources;

ESA Objective: 5% of funding from new sources by fostering new relationship with donors by developing

a donor profile that proactively lists donors and potential partners within the region and identifying those

where initiatives are needed to strengthen and/or formalise partnerships.

4. Countries in Arrears and Total Arrears brought current (ODG, SRAs, RDs and CoMs);

ESA Objective: Develop and enhance the M&E framework at Regional level and enforcing Programmatic and financial accountability.

5. Practical, Affordable Knowledge Management system in place, functioning (ODG, CoMs);

ESA Objective: Develop a regional knowledge exchange and management mechanism (document

IOM’s comparative advantage) to retain institutional memory.

6. Maintain lead on climate‐induced population displacement – projects, research (ICP); ESA Objective: Continue stressing within the region the importance of the impact that migrants have on the environment in return through regional information sharing approach, as well as joint collaboration and efforts needed to combat climate change induced migration. Promoting Climate Change and Environmental Degradation by formalising accreditation to the Adaptation Fund and identifying countries with existing capacity to engage in CC and ED programming,



sharing joint programmes across EGAD regionally and share adaptation/survey tool, with intention to nest within other missions through the RO.

7. At least two further coordinated actions with UN partners e.g. IOM‐UNHCR MENA (all

SMT) ESA Objective: Focus on increasing IOM’s role as member of the UN Country Team (UNCT), the Programme Management Team, the Humanitarian Country Team, the Joint Team on AIDS, and several technical working groups which fall under these coordination mechanisms as well further develop and refine the coordinated actions with UN partners within the region.

8. Strengthened CCCM Cluster Leadership (DOE, ODG)

ESA Objective: Emphasis on IOM CCCM coordination roleat Regional level by developing capacity building programmes to strengthen the national capacity of key stakeholders in Camp Coordination and Camp Management – with the aim to effectively protect and assist the displaced populations living in relocation sites. Simple and interactive CCCM practical tools such a use of games, visual aid and interactive analysis among stakeholders will be used as innovative solutions to communication and public awareness on CCCM principles, IOM’s activities on CCCM and the broader CCCM framework at global level.



INTRODUCTION IOM East and Southern Africa Overview

The majority of East and Southern African countries are characterized by highly mobile, young populations and porous borders. Most are either post‐conflict or economically and/or politically unstable. Given this background, MM and border management remain among the major challenges for the governments in these regions. That being said, Africa as a continent’s challenges and prospects are characteristic of both mobile and dynamic environments. In order for IOM to remain relevant to the objectives of governments coupled by the increasing needs of migrants a consolidated and strengthened resource mobilization and good governance strategy needs to be adopted.

IOM recognizes the essential role that MS and observers to ensure the development of a regional agenda and sustainable solutions. Currently IOM’s stakeholders include the MS and observers, other United Nations (UN) agencies and organs, Regional Economic Councils (RECs), strategic partners and donors, diaspora, the private sector and wider civil society, and the Media.

Political

Improved governance and control and governance sector reform is required to ensure the continued and responsible management of migration initiatives. The worth of political accountability and transparency is crucial in achieving positive advancement in combating adverse migration.

Economic

The current global economic predicament and the subsequent diminution in donor funding imperils the uncertainty around sustainable and long‐term programming. This directly impacts the delivery of essential migration services and the continued management of migration regionally. The indirect effect is that the progress made towards harmonizing migration policies and programmes regionally cannot be sustained and regional integration may be hampered.

Social

Africa has faced many socio‐cultural development challenges over the last decade. Adding to these challenges, the rising prevalence rate of the Human Immuno‐deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno‐deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) weakens economic stability and regional economic development. IOM’s humanitarian approach seeks to promote initiatives that address social and behavioral change, the promotion of human rights and the facilitation of socio‐cultural interventions in a dignified manner. Much emphasis is placed on engendering programmes targeting the most vulnerable and marginalized groups such as women and children.

Technological

IOM’s ability to advance and remain current is a crucial requirement in not on the management of migration, but also promoting IOM’s comparative advantage globally. Keeping pace with global technological advances places IOM and governments in a favourable position to effectively document and analyse migration flows and integrate regional infrastructure and migration data management.

Legal



There can be no doubt the policy shapes movement and migration. The degree to which policies and regulations facilitate permanent and/or temporary migration poses as much opportunities as it does challenges. The ratification of migration policies is still debated in many MS in the East and Southern Africa region. Policy and the impact it has on migration requires a unified response by MS towards achieving regional development results. The overall objective of advocacy for policy development is to support governments with the development and adoption of effective and relevant legislation to improve migration management systems as well as migration functions in sending and receiving countries.

Environmental

Climate Change and Environmental Degradation (CC and ED) is one of the root causes of movement and migration. Large‐scale forced migration as a result of CC and ED has a vast developmental impact in the East and Southern Africa region. The greatest impact of CC and ED is on human mobility that internally displaces individuals and families. The displacement of individuals leads to overstraining of land and resources as well as continued erosion of land that leads to degraded agricultural settings.

In view of the inherently regional nature of migration across East and southern Africa, IOM promotes ongoing efforts towards an enhanced regional integration agenda and continues to advocate for a regional approach between East and southern Africa to address migration challenges and harness its opportunities. Especially when leveraging on its field presence regionally.

Keeping in mind the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental dynamic of MS, broadly speaking, in order to meet stakeholder expectations, a thorough breakdown of the context of these stakeholders is required. To follow is a summary of the MS and observers that fall within the geographical coverage of the IOM East and Southern Africa Regional Office.

IOM in East Africa Key migration issues in East Africa includes the active armed conflicts that contributes to forced migration flows in and out of the region as well as the recurrent conflicts, the unpredictable political climate and the global food crisis.The already disadvantaged countries in East Africa faces increased irregular migration as persons on the move continue to seek better livelihoods and opportunities for survival. Mixed migration flows are further supported by the combination of the food crisis, extreme poverty and armed conflicts, shaped by economic migrants and the most vulnerable populations such a women, children, youth, the elderly and VoT. As the East Africa Community (EAC) continues to promote a regional integration process, it will continue to advocate of the adoption of the Common Market Protocol that will allow for the free movement of person. This will require MS in the East Africa region to improve their migration management capacities as it will become a pull factor for both regular and irregular migrants.



Burundi

The Government of Burundi (GoB) has been an IOM Observer State since 2002. Over the last decade Burundi has been characterized by extreme poverty, civil insecurity, and poor infrastructure, combined with unpredictable rainfall, deteriorating soil productivity, and poor food utilization. Floods, drought, population displacement, high food prices and other shocks pose a constant threat for the majority of the population and even during moderately good yields; food production is overtaken by population growth.

Burundi is currently recovering from years of war, ethnic violence and internal displacement. Ongoing Disarmament,

Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) of its combatants are ongoing and there is a realistic chance for durable peace in the country. However, as is typical for post‐conflict countries, Burundi is nevertheless faced with enormous challenges, many of which touch upon migration issues.

The various groups of returnees add to the pressure on the land and livelihoods in rural and urban areas. Temporary labour migration and circular migration in the region, especially of farmers is part of a coping mechanism for Burundi to create peace and recovery in the country. However, so far, no migration policies or bilateral agreements exist to regulate such movements. IOM and the GoB have concluded negotiations for a Cooperation Agreement and are developing programming to build government capacities in migration management and policy formation, as well as projects facilitating the return and reintegration of Burundian nationals in Tanzania and elsewhere.

IOM in Burundi is currently implementing programmes focusing on refugee resettlement and assistance, Migration for Development in Africa (MIDA) Great lakes interventions and technical cooperation on MM.

Ethiopia

The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has been an IOM MS since 1998.

Migration patterns and dynamics in Ethiopia have significant socio‐economic and political ramifications for the country. In particular, the growing rural‐urban migration is contributing to rising urban unemployment, which in turn has led to increased international migration. However, there are also cases that show people from rural areas out migrate internationally without migrating to urban areas first. Environmental degradation with growing economically active populations has also increased labour and forced migration both within the country and across the borders.

Environmental changes in Ethiopia contribute in a variety of ways to encouraging migration out of rural areas. Environmental changes compounded with lack of availability of sufficiently productive land is the most common cause of rural‐urban migration. Farmers are seen leaving their countryside



to urban settings because of limited availability and poor productivity of land and in search of better livelihood which would allow them to support a household

IOM in Ethiopia is currently implementing public information campaigns, creating alternative employment in migrants’ areas of origin, conducting MIDA programmes and building the GoE’s capacity to provide technical assistance on migration management, migration and health and AVRR. IOM also provided repatriation assistance to South Sudanese refugees, increased the governments’ capacity for disaster response and facilitated the Ghana‐Ethiopia Youth Exchange Programme during 2009 – 2011. Kenya

The Government of Kenya (GoK) has been an IOM MS since 1985.

Kenya is hosting over 350,000 refugees with a growing influx from South‐Central Somalia. Kenya is also documented as a hub for human trafficking and smuggling. During the post‐election violence of 2008, an additional 300,000 people were displaced internally and consequently became vulnerable to various abuses, including human trafficking and smuggling. Kenya has also been identified as a source, transit, and destination country for irregular migrants who are largely overlooked in health responses. Labour migration opportunities are of high interest to the Government of Kenya. Numerous Kenyan trained physicians and nurses are working overseas and the Government of Kenya is

exploring ways to capitalise on the skills and resources of diaspora communities abroad. Climate change has also been identified as a new migration challenge with an important impact on pastoralist communities' mobility pattern at the northern borders of Kenya. IOM Kenya presently implements interventions within the areas of emergency and post‐conflict response, AVR, technical cooperation programmes, and migration and development interventions including border management, facilitating migration, movements and migration health. Programme areas further include the capacity building in information management for the GoK, improving livelihood alternatives in northern Kenya, the promotion of sexual reproductive health and rights, emergency response to cholera outbreaks, and rendering psycho‐social support to host communities and drought‐affected communities in northern Kenya. Rwanda

The Government of Rwanda (GoR) has been an IOM MS since 2002.

Until the mid‐1990s, Rwanda experienced a number of violent and ethnically motivated conflicts causing large flows of forced migrants into neighbouring countries and abroad. Many refugees returned in the peaceful years following the 1994 genocide; however, a large proportion of refugees decided to stay in exile and today form strong Diaspora networks especially in French‐speaking countries in Europe and Northern America.

IOM Rwanda focuses on migration crisis‐mitigation assistance,



enhancing socio‐economic reintegration opportunities for Rwandan returned refugees and other vulnerable groups. In addition, programmes focusing on M&D that enhances the linkages with Rwanda diaspora professionals, capacity building initiatives in partnership with the GoR and technical assistance on migration management, labour mobility and regional integration are implemented.

More specific programme areas include the enhancement of skills training to facilitate the socio‐economic reintegration of Rwandan refugees returned from the DRC, the promotion of development and investment among diaspora and the migration management assessment within the scope of border control and management.

Somalia

The Government of Somalia (GoS) has been an IOM MS since 2008.

Every year, tens of thousands of migrants and refugees make the hazardous journey from their place of origin in South‐Central Somalia and Ethiopia through the northeastern region of Somalia, Puntland, and onwards across the Gulf of Aden. These mixed migration flows are based on various motivations among the migrants making the journey, including flight from persecution and human rights violations, as well as the desire to access better economic opportunities.

Despite the inherent dangers, the number of persons attempting the crossing from Puntland to Yemen has increased significantly. In addition, Somalia's 3,300‐km coastline is one of the longest in Africa and considered as one of the world's most dangerous stretches of water because of piracy.

Through its different projects in Somaliland and Puntland, IOM aims to decrease the pressure created by these movements by raising awareness among potential migrants, improving livelihood opportunities in the areas of origin and transit, enhancing the government's border management capacities and further investigating the occurrence of human trafficking in the region.

Current programmes being implemented by IOM Somalia includes mixed migration flows programme focused on advocacy, information dissemination and coordination, the protection of migrants and other vulnerable groups travelling through Somaliland and Puntland to Yemen and supporting key stakeholders to manage migration and refugee flows. Other programmes include interventions around counter‐trafficking, migration and development and migration and health due to the increase in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, infrastructure improvement and creating livelihood opportunities to reduce piracy among coastal communities in Somalia and providing prevention service packages for most‐at risk populations in Somaliland and Puntland through the establishment of an efficient migration management system.



South Sudan

The Government of South Sudan (GoSS) has been an IOM MS since 1998. IOM in South Sudan provides interventions covering AVRR and RQNs to build the government’s capacity to deliver basic services and to facilitate investment and job creation. In addition, stabilisation and “quick impact” projects are implemented to further assist the GoSS and civil society to address the demands and expectation from the local population for visible and swift peace dividends during the immediate post‐separation period following the recent elections. IOM South Sudan assumes the leading role on the Reintegration UN theme group and through the offering of migration management programmes, in

partnership with the government, develop rights‐based migration policies and the related processes and systems that are required to sustainably maintain these interventions. The main areas of operation for IOM in South Sudan is focused on facilitating the sustainable return of vulnerable and stranded IDPs, Non‐Food Item (NFI) support for assisted returns, capacity building for the Government of National Unity on return and reintegration through AVRR, tracking of returnees in the newly places South Sudan, raising HIV/ AIDS awareness in severely affected areas, and emergency health assistance. Tanzania

The Government of Tanzania (GoT) has been an IOM MS since 1998.

Tanzania's geographic location, bordering eight other countries within Eastern and Southern Africa, makes it very exposed to various migration flows to, from and through its territory. Due to its political stability it has, for many years, been hosting a large refugee population from neighboring countries. However, given the recent positive political developments within the region, and the ongoing resettlement programmes, the overall refugee population in Tanzania is decreasing.

Irregular movements of migrants from the Horn of Africa, through Tanzania, to South Africa and beyond have increased during the last years. The growing phenomenon of smuggled migrants and irregular migration is an issue of concern for the Tanzanian Government. Due to the recent political instability in Northern Africa and Middle East, these irregular movements are expected to continue, creating a humanitarian situation for many of these vulnerable migrants. Additional programmes implemented by IOM in Tanzania include research on the health vulnerabilities of mobile populations and affected communities in ports, facilitating a community‐based approach in combating human trafficking and smuggling of persons, and capacity building of the MoL in the area of labour migration. Uganda



The Government of Uganda (GoU) has been an IOM MS since 1992.

Uganda has been hosting a large number of refugees from neighbouring countries, specifically the DRC and Sudan. However, due to the steadily improving political relationship between Uganda and its neighbours, most of the refugees from South Sudan are returning to their homeland. Internally displaced people (IDPs) in northern and northeastern Uganda pose a major challenge for the government.

Improved security has encouraged spontaneous return by IDPs from the domicile camps to satellite camps closer to their locations of origin. However, in some instances the humanitarian situation

remains critical and unpredictable.

IOM in Uganda continues to deliver TA towards the development and ratification of a National Migration Policy for the GoU. Despite transitional needs within the country as well as the mission, IOM Uganda promotes the shift from merely humanitarian responses to a more sustainable developmental assistance response in programming.

IOM in Uganda’s key programmatic areas are the implementation of the Uganda national Identification Project in partnership with the GoU, providing support to the inter‐ministerial committee for the development of the Uganda National Migration Policy and the provision of direct assistance to VoT and irregular migrants through protection and AVRR services. IOM in Southern Africa Migration flows in southern Africa is characterized by highly mobile and young migrants as well as porous borders. Subsequently, migration in this region is mainly irregular and border control and management remains one of the key priority areas in migration management. In addition, human trafficking and smuggling of persons are two of the most common features of migration in southern Africa concerns around increasing brain drain are becoming principal in IOM’s future programming. The continuous shifts in the political and economic environment pose new and additional challenges to the regional dynamic of migration. Understanding these dynamics is therefore crucial to IOM’s work in this region. These risks require innovative and humanitarian based responses and calls for a more comprehensive a robust strategy for the countries in the southern African region. The Indian Ocean region is also covered by the South Africa mission, and has remained fairly stable over the past decade. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) continues to promote the international cooperation between the island states of Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius, Madagascar and Reunion, primarily in the area of research, capacity building and service delivery and integration of regional bodies towards a common agenda. Aspect such as intra‐regional mobility, and CC and ED are important items on the collaboration agenda.



Angola

The Government of Angola (GoA) has been an IOM MS since 1991.

The 30 years of war in Angola brought suffering for the Angolan people. The absence of communications networks, destroyed road infrastructure, weak governance, proliferation of mines, and abject poverty remain major obstacles to socioeconomic advancement

Despite challenges and high operational costs, IOM Angola has managed to retain a regional Voluntary Repatriation (VolRep) programme, oneUN MDG‐Fund programme focusing on WASH

and nutrition, AVRR programme focused on Unaccompanied Minors (UAMs) and spontaneous returnees for livelihoods, and broader protection‐related projects such as CT and capacity building trainings in the context of Mixed Migration (MM).

Key areas for growth includes research on internal and cross‐border migration in collaboration with the ACP Observatory and the United Nations Country Team (UNCT) and strengthening of protection mechanisms through advocacy for policy development and capacity building on AVR, CT, Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) and the establishment of a cross‐border migration forum.

IOM in Angola further focusses on research, delivering community stabilisation programmes, facilitating migrants’ access to basic social services within host communities and returned populations’ reintegration through Community Revitalisation Programmes (CRP), responding to the challenges of HIV/AIDS in host communities.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (GoDRC) has been an IOM MS since 1991.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continues to face many challenges related to migration. There is a need to improve the collection of migration‐related data, the development of migration and the management of borders in a country that has most of the population living close to its borders, has a weak internal transport infrastructure and relies heavily on cross‐border exchange. Because of its project implementation capacity, IOM DRC also plays an important role in the stabilization efforts of the international community in the Eastern DRC and implements projects aiming at the restoration of state authority

and at creating conditions for the return of refugees and IDPs.

IOM in DRC aims to strengthen the capacity of the GoDRC to participate in regional integration mechanisms and increase cooperation CEPGL on borders. IOM’s presence in DRC has grown significantly from 9.1 million USD in 2008 to over 20 million USD by 2010. Furthermore, IOM has been playing an increasing role in the stabilization context. Current programmes focus on



stabilization support, Security Sector Reform (SSR), Assisted Voluntary Return (AVR), Integrated Border Management (IBM), Counter Trafficking (CT), and civilian and military justice support.

In addition, IOM is tasked with the rehabilitation of the Congolese road and construction infrastructure, providing assistance to victims of sexual and gender‐based violence (SGBV), capacity building through the return of qualified nationals and providing return assistance to migrants and the government.

Lesotho

The Government of Lesotho (GoL) has been an IOM MS since 2010.

South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho, an enclave whose total population is estimated to be around 2.5 million. There is a long history of close interaction between the two countries. The people of Lesotho are almost wholly Basotho, but the numbers of ethnic Basotho in South Africa are even higher. Not long ago, Lesotho had the distinction of having a higher proportion of its labour force temporarily employed outside its borders than any other country. For most of the 20th century, as much as half the adult male population worked on a temporary

basis in South Africa, predominantly in the gold mines, but also in most other economic sectors. The numbers of workers from Lesotho in the mines of South Africa first increased substantially, as real wages rose in the 1970s and 1980s and Lesotho became a preferred labour source. The numbers have since declined, dramatically in recent years, initially as a result of mechanization and relative stagnation in gold mining.

There has been a constant and debilitating brain drain from Lesotho to South Africa, and before that, to some extent, to Botswana and other African countries. This movement encompasses skilled workers, especially those in professional and technical fields.

Currently IOM implements the following programmes in Lesotho: IOM continues to build upon its previous work in Lesotho by undertaking increasing efforts to tackle structural components driving HIV within the mining sector. The main target group is mine workers’ families and departing mine workers. IOM together with its IP is undertaking a mini survey to assess the needs and HIV knowledge and attitudes of the target group. Once this information is analysed a more detailed plan of action can be developed that is tailored to the specific needs to the different groups.



Mauritius

The Government of Mauritius (GoM) has been an IOM MS since 2006.

Mauritius has seen two major waves of emigration in the past decades: The first, around the time of independence in 1968 owing to political uncertainty and high levels of unemployment, and the second during the economic downturn in the 1980s. This has led to a sizable diaspora population. Mauritius is classified as a middle‐income country and has had a government in place only since May 2010.

IOM in Mauritius is a small mission covering the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues and is aiming to expand programmatic coverage to the Indian Ocean (IO) region. Current priority areas for IOM Mauritius are projects focused on labour migration and integration, diaspora, CC and induced movements, migration and health interventions, port communities, border management and internal migration interventions for Madagascar.

Current programmes implemented by IOM in Mauritius covers the prevention of migration due to CC and ED in Mauritius and Seychelles and providing technical assistance and capacity building to the GoM for migration management and border control.

Mozambique

The Government of Mozambique (GoMoz) has held status as an Observer in the IOM Council since 1992.

Mobility is an integral part of life in Mozambique, a country with a long history of labour migrants working in South Africa in mines and on commercial farms. Mozambique is a large country with more than 53 border posts, significant transport corridors linking landlocked countries such as Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi to major sea ports and to the regional hub of South Africa. These transport corridors are home to mobile and migrant groups including cross border traders and long distance transporters. At present, there continue to be significant recovery and development challenges coupled with cross‐cutting concerns

such as the spread of HIV and AIDS, and phenomena such as human smuggling and recent increases in IM. Currently, there is a large increase in irregular migrants from the Horn of Africa. Many of these irregular migrants come from Somalia and Ethiopia and seek asylum in Mozambique. However, many also try to move onward to South Africa.

Mozambique is designated as one of the eight pilot countries for the United Nations' "Delivering as One" reform programme, in which IOM's role is increasing. IOM is a member of the UN Country Team (UNCT), the Programme Management Team, the Humanitarian Country Team, the Joint Team on AIDS, and several technical working groups which fall under these coordination mechanisms.



IOM Mozambique currently implements projects on migration health through the IOM regional migration health programme, as well as UN Joint Programming on HIV and AIDS, Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) programming in partnership with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the World Food Programme (WFP), border control and management interventions and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) projects. In addition, projects focused on the mitigation of the impact of natural disasters on vulnerable families, AVRR of stranded migrants and capacity‐building for law enforcement and service providers on migration management are currently delivered. Namibia

The Government of Namibia (GoN) has been an IOM MS since 2009.

IOM in Namibia has received full accreditation from the GoN in July 2011 through the formalisation of a cooperation agreement. Completed projects and interventions in Namibia include a comprehensive capacity building programme for immigration officials on IBM, the facilitation of a ministerial Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA) on migration management through regional cooperation, capacity building of government officials on CT and country consultation and awareness raising on HIV and mobility in port communities.

The main focus of IOM Namibia is Camp Coordination and Camp Management capacity building, which led to the development of a Camp Management in Practice booklet that is now globally being adopted as a best practice model. South Africa

The Government of SA (GoSA) has been an IOM MS since 1956.

South Africa is the preferred destination for various categories of migrants and faces a host of migration‐related challenges, including, inter alia: increased prevalence of IM, including women and UAMs; inadequate migration management policies and border management processes; rising xenophobic sentiments that in some cases turn into actual violence against migrants; high prevalence of communicable diseases such as HIV and AIDS and tuberculosis (TB); and continued brain drain due to the emigration of skilled nationals.

IOM in South Africa facilitates programmes addressing IM flows to South Africa, providing health assessments, facilitating AVRR, supporting the GoSA to strengthen communities of diversity and peace, building Partnerships on Health and Mobility in East and Southern Africa (PHAMESA), participating in a migration health forum with the GoSA and other key partners, and addressing HIV in the commercial agriculture sector.



IOM in South Africa also works towards the establishment of a migrant referral system and support centre, the delivery of AVRR interventions and health promotion along key migration corridors regionally. Swaziland

The Government of Swaziland (GoSw) has been an IOM MS since 2010.

Migration in Swaziland is mainly characterized by high movements of Swazi’s to South Africa. The core employment sectors include commercial agriculture, tourism, mining and domestic workers for women. The increased migration between Swaziland and South Africa also lent itself to the exacerbation of HIV/AIDS. The IOM CO based on Pretoria, South Africa, manages programme interventions for the GoSw. Current programmes

being implemented are capacity building for migration management including the provision of a computerized border management system, capacity building of border officials and partnering in a consortium to reduce HIV vulnerability in the Swaziland textile and apparel industry. Zambia

The Government of Zambia (GoZam) has been an IOM MS since 1992.

In Zambia, there is a lack of valid data about the numbers of cross‐border migrants (both regular and irregular) and internal migrants. Zambia borders eight neighbouring countries namely; Angola, Botswana, DRC, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The country has a long history of internal and cross‐border migration with people moving in search of livelihoods.

IOM activities in Zambia focus on border management, diaspora engagement, joint programmes on HIV and AIDS targeting labour migrants, migration profiles, mixed migration flow partnerships and disaster management and mitigation including counter trafficking initiatives and joint programmes on human trafficking .

IOM in Zambia facilitates the voluntary return of Congolese refugees, implement the Partnership of Health and Mobility in East and Southern Africa (PHAMESA), delivering health promotion and assistance along migration corridors regionally and provide technical cooperation and assistance to the GoZam to manage, measure and regulate migration.



Zimbabwe

The Government of Zimbabwe (GoZim) has been an IOM MS since 2002.

Zimbabwe’s economic crisis precipitated an exodus of professionals and skilled workers emigrating in search of better economic opportunities. The flow of migrants from Zimbabwe into neighbouring countries in an irregular fashion continues unabated, and migratory flows from, to, and within Zimbabwe have presented a myriad of challenges to the country’s migration management capacity.The humanitarian situation in the country has been exacerbated by the crisis following the June 2008 presidential elections, as well as the on‐going constitutional

referendum process and build‐up to a general election. Despite these challenges, IOM Zimbabwe has maintained a positive partnership with the GoZim, upheld a strong field presence and continues to play a prominent role in the UNCT / HCT. Current programmes being implemented by IOM Zimbabwe includes the humanitarian assistance and provision of durable solutions for IDPs, assistance to Zimbabwean nationals returning from South Africa and Botswana, assistance to migrants, refugees and asylum seekers transiting through Zimbabwe, integrated border management and control, and displacement tracking, violence monitoring and information management consortium. In addition, IOM in Zimbabwe advocates for a comprehensive approach to humanitarian emergency assistance, early recovery and livelihood of IDPs and other vulnerable population affected by displacement causes, as well as addressing emergency health and the primary health care needs of IDPs and other mobile populations.



REGIONAL THEMATIC PRIORITIES The regional thematic priorities presented are linked to the regional challenges and opportunities that support an enhanced regional development and integration agenda. In addition, given the global economic crisis and subsequent resource constraints this strategy will facilitate a selective approach that will concentrate on key thematic areas as listed below. The following are IOM’s regional thematic priorities based on IOM’s comparative advantage as part of its core functions:

Labour Migration, Migration and Development;

Counter‐trafficking, Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration, and Mixed Migration;

Immigration and Border Management;

Migration and Health;

Migration and Development;

Emergency and Post‐Crisis and

Regional cross‐border programmes In addition, the identified beneficiary groups are, including but not limited to:

African diaspora

Labour migrants

Irregular, environmental and potential migrants

Voluntary returnees

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

Governments and social partners

Refugees

Unaccompanied Minors (UAMs)

Cross‐border migrants and traders Labour Migration, Migration and Development Under the thematic area of Labour Migration (LM) IOM aims to facilitate the development of policies and programmes that can individually and mutually benefit the concerned governments, migrants and society by fostering synergies between LM and development, contributing to economic and social development in countries of origin and destination, promoting effective protection and providing support services for migrant workers and their families, and supporting the opening of legal channels for labour mobility.

Labour Migration (LM) has two shaping factors. Firstly there is the "pull" of changing demographics and labour market needs. Secondly, the "push" of population, unemployment and economic pressures of inter‐country networks based on socio‐economic culture and history. Irregular Migration (IM) characterizes a large proportion of LMand governments at both ends of the migration continuum are developing regulatory mechanisms to manage labour mobility to their individual and mutual benefit. Governments, key partners and migrants are increasingly counting on IOM for skilled support and facilitation of regulated labour migration and direct assistance to the migrants.

IOM mainly focused on the following interventions:

Providing governments and key stakeholders with policy advice and capacity building;

Facilitating information dissemination and orientation for labour migrants;

Facilitating legal migration and recruitment; and

Coordination and advocating for on‐going regional dialogue.

The recognition and mobilisation of African diaspora for skill transfer, remittances and investments in the country of origin is key to IOM’s work as it related to MD. Through the Migration for



Development in Africa (MIDA) programme, IOM aims to mitigate the adverse effects and enhance the positive impact of brain drain and human resource deficiency regionally. In addition, IOM will explore ways to maximise the benefits of remittance flows to countries of origin. In the area of MD, IOM focuses on international policy dialogue, policy‐oriented research, and operation programmes that include:

Engaging in migration and community and economic development including the MIDA process and programming around migration and the environment;

Facilitating the Return of Qualified Nationals (RQN); and

Conducting studies on remittance flows as it relates to labour and mixed migration flows.

Counter‐Trafficking, Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration, Mixed Migration In the past 10 years Counter –Trafficking (CT) projects have been implemented in most countries in the region. CT projects implemented by IOM includes a large variety of activities such as research, legislative reform, capacity building for governments, civil society and law enforcement, awareness raising, direct assistance, assisted return, livelihoods (both for prevention or victims assistance) and regional coordination of CT programmes and initiatives. IOM further encourages the identification of linkages of CT to other burning issues such as piracy, refugee flows and therefor including CT components in larger programmes such as CBMM, emergency response, post‐conflict interventions and sustainable livelihood activities. IOM’s acknowledges its involvement and accountability in terms of being the coordinating mechanism in both the sending and receiving countries. For East and Southern Africa the main mixed migration flows involve Somali and Ethiopian refugees, asylum seekers, economic migrants, Victims of Trafficking (VoTs) and other who migrate irregularly towards Yemen. This phenomenon underscores the importance of multi‐country and multi‐agency cooperation, as well as the fact that mixed migration is a new term and drawing attention from governments, donors and key stakeholders. IOM will continue to promote CT efforts and address the vulnerabilities of smuggled and trafficked men, women and children who face sever risks of human rights abuses, violence and exploitation as a result of IM flows. Immigration and Border Management (IBM) The driving forces behind an integrated IBM programme is the billions of border crossing per year, the links between mobility or movement, migration and economic development and the increase of transnational crime, smuggling of persons, trafficking in persons and violence. The objectives of the IBM programme is to provide guidance and expertise to MS aspiring to strengthen their immigration and border management systems, to facilitate and promote cross‐border mobility or movements, to enhance security and to encourage and enable cross‐border cooperation in regional migration management. The activities of IOM East and Southern Africa’s Immigration and Border Management (IBM) programme, based in Moshe Tanzania, support and assist governments to equip themselves with the development of policies, legislation, administrative and operational structures, processed and systems, and capacitated human resources required to manage migration. The main areas of work include:



Border and migration management assessments, research and risk analysis;

Training and capacity building of border and migration officials;

Development and implementation of migration management information systems;

Identify, data and intelligence management;

Integrated regional border management; and

Immigration and Visa support. The IBM technical cooperation activities are based on collaboration and the coordination of partnerships, mostly between IOM and host governments and are fundamentally based on the priorities and needs of the governments themselves. IBM actions, facilitated by the African Capacity Building Centre (ACBC) involves direct project design and implementation, facilitating and supporting national, bilateral and multilateral actions and establishing the strategic direction of IOM globally in terms of IBM priorities. The potential outcome of an integrated and regional IBM programme is gaining an entry point into international development assistance and funding for national and regional projects. Migration and Health

The relationship between migration and public health has long been acknowledged. The effective management of migration aims to reduce the risk of international spread of diseases of global public health importance. Some immigration countries introduced health assessments into their immigration application processes in order to deny entry to persons considered to be a risk to public health. One of many factors contributing to the emerging field of migration health is mounting evidence that existing health management information systems have failed to appreciate the scope and patterns of migration.

Furthermore, poverty and exploitation, separation from families and regular partners, changing socio‐cultural norms and values, and lack of access to safe, quality and sustainable health care services contributes to the vulnerabilities of mobile populations.

In East and Southern Africa, most vulnerable populations, especially women and children are prone to health problems. The continued increase in HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases are the main contributing factors. IOM in East and Southern Africa, in coordination with the Migration Health Unit based in the IOM Pretoria country office, will continue to develop and implement programmes that address the physical, social wellbeing and mental health of migrants. IOM’s network of country missions, in partnership with the relevant ministries of health, and other ministries tasked with migration management, local partners, the private sector and civil society will continue to deliver migration health services throughout the transit, source and destination phases of both regular and irregular migration.

As the health dynamics change regionally, the migration health related policies and programmes will require constant review and adaptation to country specific needs. Unpredictable changes in migration flows and patterns, as well as disease progressions requires inter‐regional coordination and programming among missions to improve access to, quality and sustainability of migration health initiatives.

The core deliverables for the migration and health programme is:

Improved service delivery and capacity building;

Continued advocacy for policy development and adoption;

Increased research and information dissemination; and



Improved governance and control of the regional migration and health programme by strengthening coordination capacities.

Migration and the Environment Climate Change and Environmental Degradation (CC and ED) contributes to the vulnerability of persons on the move. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) depicts that not only will desertification increase by between 5 – 8 percent, but that 75 – 250 million people will be exposed to water stress by the year 2020.i The adverse effects of CC and ED are thus likely to increase the incidence of forced migration as famine and droughts, coupled by natural disasters, are probable push factors of population mobility. Climate changed driven migration does not restrict itself to one particular geographical area and the often unpredictable nature will have far‐reaching effects at national, regional and global levels. Migration and the environment is not the only issue at hand, but IOM also stresses the importance of the impact that migrants have on the environment in return. Deteriorating human security increasing reliance on food aid, the over‐burdening of natural resources such as water and land, and an increase in the susceptibility to engage in high‐risk behaviour are all factors to be considered. The public health implications for migration due to CC and ED increase the risk of spreading TB, HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other communicable diseases. This underscores the importance of regional information sharing approach, as well as joint collaboration and efforts needed to combat climate change induced migration. Emergency and Post‐Crisis (EPC) IOM’s role in emergency and post‐crisis contexts has been redefined by the Member States (MN/INF/287 “IOM STRATEGY”) as: “to participate in coordinated humanitarian responses and to provide migration services in emergencies or post‐crisis situations as appropriate and as relates to the needs of individuals and uprootedcommunities thereby contributing to their protection.”

Since 2005, IOM has been involved in the Cluster Approach taking a global leading role in Camp Co‐ordination and Camp Management in Natural Disasters as well as being key partners in Emergency



Shelter, Logistics, Health, Protection and Early Recovery and all IOM’sprogrammes within the Region evolve and new interventions are prioritized according to the needs of the affected‐communities.

TheEPC projects are focusing on durable solutions throughout the migration management cycle and provide different type and timing of assistance:

1) Emergency Response ( Immediate activities 0‐6 months)

2) Post Crisis Preparedness (Short term planning 1‐2 years)

3) Promoting Stability and Strengthening Capacities (Medium to long term planning 3‐5 years)

4) Vision of the future (social change across generations 10+ years)

The EPC also support justification for increased investment in RO Pretoria activities in disaster risk reduction, climate change migration and displacement, and displacement‐ and return‐related land issues in the region.

Regional Cross‐Border Programmes The regulation of migration and improving border management through joint programming among IOM country missions, legislative frameworks, the provision of technical assistance and capacity building for immigration officials forms the basis for regional cross‐border programming. IOM East and Southern Africa support a balanced approach and lessons learnt supports the notion that moving programming from border control to border managementis pertinent. The key issues with regards to border management are: Improved data collection and management, and the establishment of computerized entry and exist systems and processes; Harmonised regional training and capacity building on migration management; and Developing long‐term solutions to Irregular



migration (IM). Throughout these processes regional dialogues and the integration of joint strategies should be considered as fundamental in the delivery of effective border management interventions. In East Africa, countries have successfully applied an integrated national, cross‐border and regional approach and the success of the process is due to collective national buy‐in and adoption of a cross‐border joint partnership among country missions. In addition, for cross‐border regional programmes to be relevant and efficient, national systems should be compatible and a regional policy framework should be developed and adopted by all parties concerned.



MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK The implementation of the strategy will focus on the following:

Maintaining essential partnerships with key stakeholders;

Regional information‐sharing and knowledge management;

Programmatic and financial accountability;

Regional integration and cooperation between all stakeholders; and

Adopting a results‐based management approach across all programmes and missions. The M&E framework for IOM East and Southern Africa builds on the existing systems and processes currently applied in IOM at programme levels. The adoption of a further advanced technological programme will enable programme managers and well as CoMs and HoOs to leverage from effective data management and reporting. The IOM East and Southern Africa, as is with the IOM Africa Strategy, is created around the concept of results‐based management and in so doing impose that IOM as a service provider if choice is willing to demonstrate achieving results and is accountable towards MS and donors for commitments received. Continuing to build the M&E capacity of all personnel in the region remains a priority for IOM. The day‐to‐day tracking of progress towards results and the alignment of interventions to country specific objectives means that IOM will be in an advantageous position to remain accountable to donors as well as relevant to country specific needs. A detailed M&E framework will be developed in addition to the strategy and will consist of the following:

Strategic Objectives including the Vision, Mission and Goals of IOM East and Southern Africa;

A detailed SWOT analysis;

A results‐chain; and

An outcome matrix with clear deliverables, indicators and a weighing index.

The strategy as well as M&E framework will be adopted by the Regional Director and all CoMs and HoAs. Furthermore, the strategy will be assessed mid‐term and fully evaluated at the end of one year after adoption thereof.

Step 1:

Activities

and

Inputs

Step 2:

Outputs

and

Outcomes

Step 3:

Results

and

Indicators

Measures tools and

inputs used by IOM

Africa for results‐

based management

Measures IOM

Africa’s

contribution to

achieving results

Measures how IOM

Africa makes

progress on Key

Performance

Indicators (KPIs)

IOM East and Southern Africa 3‐Step Monitoring and Evaluation Framework



IOM East and Southern Africa Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

Positive Negative

Strengths Weaknesses

* Comparative advantage in the area of migration * Lack of coordination in the region, between units, and among staff

* National, regional and global network * Weak internal information sharing

* Technical expertise and experience* Lack of knowledge management mechanism to retain institutional

memory

* Good reputation among donors * No systematic staff training

* Flexible organization and less bureaucracy * IOM policy, mandate and role not clear enough

* Access to strategic/policy level as well as field level * Human resource deficiency

* Strong operational capacities * IOM not visible enough

* Track record of deliverable successes * Lack of sustainable funding

* Cultural diversity and tolerance * Lack of Business Contirnuity Plan

* Lack of consistency due to unavailability of common set of standard

operating procedures and policies for IOM thematic areas

Opportunities Threats

* Regional Integration Agenda (e.g. COMESA and SADC,

Tripartite * Economic and political instability in countries of operation

* Transport corridors (e.g. North‐South Corridor) and one‐

stop‐border‐posts* Climate change

* Mid‐term reviews and redrafting of PRSPs (Zambia 2010,

DRC 2010, Malawi 2011)* Increased competition in migration issues

Partnership with the private sector * Lack of migration data for benchmarking and policy development

Emerging social protection support in the region* Lack of sufficient donor funding (i.e. donor fatigue) and predictability

of funds and expectations

*Partnerships with academic institutions to cover evidence

based research gaps

* Lack of new projects and thus job security for staff due to

projectization

IOM East and Southern Africa Region ‐ SWOT ANALYSIS

Internal

External



Key Recommendations

Key Recommendations

Focal Areas Recommendations Responsible and Due Date

Regional Office 750 000 line 2 250 000 line 1

1035 priorities for 2012 New Member States

South Sudan

Mozambique

Ethiopia

Djibouti Existing projects

Namibia – ready 200,000 line 2

Lesotho – being prepared.

New projects

IOC regional ( Mauritius, Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar (excl Reunion Island)

Burundi (DDR project seems to be Burundi priority, suggest go to ADB security fund)

DRC

Co funding requirement for EC Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia. Likely 2013

RO to define priority setting criteria, post Council. In addition, missions to send one pager to RO. See funding history with 1035. Could new MS go as a regional project

EC call for proposal (2 initiatives) Regional programmes as a priority. IOM to submit

Mixed flows (or with HCR as lead)

Migration & Climate Change (Indian Ocean). AFD or IDRI could submit. IOM Mauritius to follow up.

IOM as partners

SEF Mozambique

UK EAC

UNHCR as lead for irregular migration.

Idea: Horn of Africa and Climate Change (Ashraf) Climate change induced displacement (Elham)

Selection criteria Government backup Other EC funding Links with EC CfP Number of offices covered Strategic management site Co‐funding exposure Action Talk to EC at each Mission RO to work on its own internal calendar

Labour Migration

Improve data collection and research to inform programming



Key Recommendations


Migration and Development

Facilitate regional LM programmes: circular migration & South‐South Migration. Requested by RECs.

IOM Nairobi has prior project proposals

Establish and enhance migrant resource centres

DRC with Angola

Establish institutional frameworks governing LM management

Jo RIspoli

MIDA health programmes for SA

Promote diaspora mapping, outreach & engagement

Zambia with Tanzania and Uganda

Create frameworks for comprehensive management of remittance flows. Research and development.

Ethiopia DRC

Migrant Assistance CT, AVRR

Promote MM initiatives. Nairobi for Horn of Africa and Yemen, and Pretoria for Southern Africa.

Nairobi, Pretoria.

Each country to have a CT programme and/or irregular migration.

All CoMs

Priority Countries GTIP each country should have a proposal

All relevant CoMs

Strategy Document to be developed on AVR Pretoria

Immigration and Border Management/Cross‐border Programmes

Develop inter‐departmental cooperation of programmes Establish & promote cross‐border programmes (especially 8 countries bordering a) Zimbabwe Zambia, Tanzania / Mozambique and c) DRC/Rwanda/Burundi) c) Kenya, Somalia

a) Zimbabwe b) DRC c) Kenya

Climate Change & Environmental Degradation

Formalise membership to the Adaptation Fund

GVA/Charles

a) Refine where CC & ED fits into overall IOM programming structure. b) Share Joint programme across countries in IGAD region, C) Study Adaptation Fund to see how to move forward on regional basis, d) share adaptation/survey tool, with intention to nest within other missions through the RO.

a)RO b)Nairobi/Addis c)RO d) James Bean/RO.

EPC Programmes

Ensure continuity of IOM EPC programmes (from Emergency Response through post‐Crisis, early recovery, community stabilization to development)

Lead ‐ Bogdan, supported Nairobi, Addis, Zim, DRC

Develop a regional roster (good and bad consultants) of personnel for all thematic areas, including consultants (including good

RO, missions to provide inputs.



Key Recommendations


and bad staff)

Develop a common set of SoPs and policies for humanitarian emergency response and post‐crisis activities in the region

Bogdan

Donors Develop a donor profile: list of donors / partners within the region and identify those where efforts are needed to strengthen and/or formalise partnerships

RO, with inputs from missions (in coord with HQ)

Regional Office

Develop a knowledge exchange and management initiative (document IOM’s comparative advantage)

RD

Engagement strategy for IPs, developmental partners & donors

Nairobi

Support bi‐lateral & multi‐lateral agreements between sending & receiving countries ‐ for all projects

AVR unit RO

a) Appoint core personnel (Media Relations Communication & M&E) – looking at possible cost‐share, or GVA contribution, and to later share ideas for consideration, b) share RO media/communication strategy.

a) RD, b) Mandy and Ashraf

Develop a country strategy/action plan, following the regional/global strategies

All CoMs

Increased research & data collection – migration profiles & data, extending existing COMESA proposal to East Africa

RO

Strengthen CCCM Cluster Leadership Namibia, RO

Develop M&E Strategies for missions and the region

RO

Adopt Results‐Based Management practices (include M&E in “blue book”)

RO M&E

Develop a strategy on RCPs, including M&E framework.

RO

Regional migration policy documents and instruments to be shared with all missions

Addis



Annex1: Summary of Important Points Raised on the Role of the Project Developer and

Project Endorsement in Country Office/Regional Office Cooperation on Project

Development

Role of Project Development Officers in Country Missions

1. Develop projects in line with the new template and IOM Project Handbook

2. Come up with ideas on potential new projects

3. Liaise with donors for new funding opportunities

4. Assist project managers with reporting

5. Stay informed on needs & priorities of the country (new trends, dynamics, etc.)

6. Engage in regular external consultations

7. Incorporate technical knowledge into project proposals

8. Take into account the needs of different stakeholders (governments, development partners, etc.)

9. Ensure quality control across project proposal submissions

10. Take into account IOM’s comparative advantage

11. Stimulate (donor, UNCT, Gov.) interest among donors, governments, and the UNCT, inter alia

12. Incorporate monitoring and evaluation frameworks into every proposal

13. Engage in frequent networking and fundraising

14. Ensure the feasibility of actions included in proposals

15. Engage in consistent internal information‐sharing

16. Conduct desk review/literature reviews in order to strengthen the justification for proposals

Role of Regional Office in Supporting Project Development Officers in Country Missions

1. Conceptualise and develop projects in countries where IOM does not have a Country Office

2. Provide general guidance and support on project development to Country Offices in line

with the new project proposal template and IOM Project Handbook

3. Assess training needs and coordinate training efforts on the IOM Project Handbook for

national project development officers and other relevant IOM staff

4. Support Regional Thematic Specialists in the development of regional thematic and multi‐

thematic proposals



5. Undertake technical support visits to Country Offices 6. Facilitate the exchange of information among networks of thematic focal points in Country

Offices 7. Function as “knowledge creator, repository, manager” 8. Identify, pursue, and advise Country Offices on new funding opportunities 9. Establish linkages with donors with regional coverage and assist with donor liasion when

appropriate 10. Consistently improve the quality of proposals 11. Strengthen the overall capacity of project development officers to develop well‐written

proposals 12. Provide extensive technical support with substantive inputs into proposals 13. Create and maintain a regional thematic expert roster 14. Brainstorm regularly on new project ideas based on analysis of country and regional

migration trends 15. Provide technical advice on thematic areas to Country Offices in order to foster the

development of project ideas and proposals

Cooperation between Country Offices and the Regional Office on Project Development

1. Share new ideas and information with the Regional Office on a regular basis in order to

facilitate the provision of support in relevant areas

2. Continually update the Regional Office on issues related to your mission, developments with

the government and the UN, and the situation in your country

3. Feel free to involve both Regional Thematic Specialists and the Regional Project

Development Officer when appropriate, as they all form part of a team

General Guidelines Pertaining to Project Endorsement

1. Send all submissions to RO Pretoria Project Endorsement mailbox and not to individuals

2. Submit your proposals for review at least 14 calendar days before the donor submission date

to allow for back‐and‐forth exchanges during the review and endorsement process

3. Alert the Regional Office in advance in case of a time‐sensitive and urgent proposal in order

to enable the Regional Office to prepare for it and assist the Country Office in a timely

manner

4. Ensure that the title of your message includes information on the thematic area covered by

the proposal (e.g. “Labour Migration Proposal for Zambia”)

5. Submit the narrative and budget together unless there are special/urgent circumstances

6. Provide any relevant background information (e.g. discussions with donors/government/UN)

in the cover e‐mail

7. Keep the Regional Office updated on the entire project development process from beginning

to end

8. Keep track of dates of different versions of proposals

9. Send the final version of proposals that were submitted



10. Allow for three working days for responses to country missions on first drafts of proposals

Review and Endorsement Process

1. The Project Developer completes and sends the proposal for approval to:

a) Chief of Mission, if the proposed project targets one country only

b) Chiefs of Mission, if the proposed project targets more than one country

c) Regional Director, if there is no Chief of Mission in the targeted country or countries

2. The project developer then sends the proposal to the RO Pretoria Project Endorsement

mailbox. The proposal is reviewed by:

a) the relevant RTS at the Regional Office, if the proposal involves one or more of the

Country

Offices covered by one Regional Office

b) the relevant RTSs in different Regional Offices, if the proposal involves one or more of the

Country Offices covered by different Regional Offices

c) the relevant division at Headquarters, if the proposal has been developed within the

regional office by the RTS

Additional Comments

1. Concept notes need to be endorsed in addition to proposals

2. The Regional Office will check with HQ on the availability of a global format for concept

notes



Annex2: Summary of Projects and Budget in the Region

Number of projects

Country AVRR CS CT EPC FaM FoM MH LM MBM MIDA MDRC RES TCM Total Number

Angola 3 1 1 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 13

DRC 1 0 1 27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 44

Ethiopia 3 0 5 12 1 0 3 0 3 3 1 1 1 33

Kenya 1 0 1 6 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 15

Mozambique 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

Mauritius 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 5

Rwanda 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2

Somalia 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 6

South Africa 1 0 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 12

South Sudan 0 2 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 25

Tanzania 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 8

Uganda 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 12

Zambia 8 0 3 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 17

Zimbabwe 0 0 0 19 2 3 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 29

Totals 18 5 16 99 10 3 26 3 9 8 2 4 25 228

Active Projects Total Budget (USD)

Country AVRR CS CT EPC FaM FoM MH LM MBM MIDA MDRC RES TCM Total Budget

Angola 706,751 1,150,000 273,000 2,807,280 0 0 348,000 0 0 0 0 250,202 943,277 6,478,510

DRC 100,000 0 400,006 34,434,411 0 0 151,433 0 0 0 0 0 28,201,561 63,287,410

Ethiopia 1,333,951 0 614,419 8,585,765 38,500 0 996,221 0 657,883 4,947,058 1,211,460 1,439,429 330,000 20,154,686

Kenya 0 0 200,000 6,216,902 105,201 0 246,200 0 795,918 1,110,999 0 0 0 8,675,221

Mozambique 0 0 0 1,524,077 0 0 1,016,927 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,541,004

Mauritius 0 200,000 0 0 0 0 60,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 260,000

Rwanda 0 0 0 0 1,000,000 0 0 0 0 200,000 0 0 0 1,200,000

Somalia 0 10,000,000 0 0 3,600,000 0 1,776,792 0 6,000,000 3,134,347 0 0 0 24,511,139

South Africa 136,325 0 2,300,432 587,000 1,773,533 0 14,289,600 99,810 200,000 0 911,120 500,000 0 20,797,820

South Sudan 0 4,588,220 0 59,061,023 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,751,250 65,400,492

Tanzania 0 0 420,000 0 0 0 0 0 3,976,764 0 0 0 2,787,000 7,183,764

Uganda 0 0 2,384,419 2,518,549 0 0 229,050 0 0 0 0 0 230,687 5,362,705

Zambia 6,877,712 0 1,319,091 507,102 0 0 556,658 0 0 100,000 0 0 200,000 9,560,564

Zimbabwe 0 0 0 10,456,015 2,552,000 1,606,174 793,004 0 0 200,000 0 0 0 15,607,193

Totals 9,154,739 15,938,220 7,911,368 126,698,124 9,069,234 1,606,174 20,463,885 99,810 11,630,565 9,692,404 2,122,580 2,189,631 34,443,775 251,020,509

KEY AVRR Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration

CS Community Stabilization

CT Counter‐Trafficking

FaM Facilitated Migration

FoM Forced Migration

MH Migration Health

LM Labour Migration

MBM Migration and Border Management

MIDA Migration and Development

MDRC Migration Dialogue and Regional Cooperation

RES Research

TCM Technical Cooperation

EPC Emergency and Post‐Conflict

NB 1) USRP AND SERVICE FEE PROJECTS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE ANALYSIS

2) TOTAL EXPENDITURES IN 2010 = 170,000,000 USD

SUMMARY OF PROJECTS AND BUDGETS IN THE EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION BY SERVICE AREA



Annex 3: Meeting Agenda

Day One: Monday, 10 October, 2011: PDOs

Time Activity Facilitator /Co‐Facilitator

08:30 – 09:00 Opening remarks Introduction

Bernardo Mariano

09:00 – 09:30 Setting objectives/outcomes for the next two days Tal Raviv

09:30 – 09:45 Overview of Istanbul meeting outcomes Jo Rispoli

09:45 – 10:15 Thematic Discussion: Labour Migration/Migration and Development

Jo Rispoli

10:15 – 10:30 Tea Break

Chairperson: Yukiko Kumashiro

10:30 – 11:00 Thematic Discussion: Counter‐Trafficking/Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration/Mixed Migration

Tal Raviv

11:00 – 11:30 Thematic Discussion: Emergency and Post‐Crisis Bogdan Danila

11:30 – 12:00 Thematic Discussion: Integrated Border Management

Sean Burke

12:00 – 12:30 Thematic Discussion: Migration Health Erick Ventura

12:30 – 12:45 Thematic Discussion: Migration and Environment Petra Neumann

12:45 – 13:45 Lunch Break

Chairperson: Lalini Veerassamy

13:45 – 14:15 Introducing the new project proposal template Petra Neumann

14:15 – 15:00 The role of the project developer + CO/RO cooperation on PD

Petra Neumann/Tal Raviv

15:00 – 15:15 Tea Break

15:15 – 16:15 Budget development Feridoon Barraghi

16:15 – 17:30 Introduction to the regional database and matrix Newton Muli

/Shepherd Muchuru

19:00 ‐ Dinner



Day Two: Tuesday, 11 October, 2011: CoMs & PDOs

Time Activity Facilitator /Co‐Facilitator

Chairperson: Bernardo Mariano

08:30 – 08:45 Opening remarks Introduction

Bernardo Mariano

08:45 – 09:00 Recap of day 1 + parking lot Yves Kaza

09:00 – 09:45 Project Endorsement – what the regional office will be looking at and how to smooth the endorsement process

Tal Raviv/Bogdan Danila

09:45 – 10:30 Government and Policy Liaison – who has this role in each office; how to synergize between the RO and country office

Mukondi Mpeiwa

10:30 – 10:45 Tea Break/Group Photo

10:45 – 11:15 Change of donor priorities and adjustment of IOM country strategy – IOM Zimbabwe case study

Vincent Houver

11:15 – 12:00 Monitoring and Evaluation – CO responsibilities and RO role and expectations

Mandie Alexander

12:00 – 13:00

Mission presentation – max. 10‐minute presentation with 4 slides on the following:

4 main projects

3 main challenges

Key areas of opportunities for new projects

Top 3 risk areas

Each CoM (According to alphabetical order of names of countries—please see

below)

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Break

Chairperson: Josiah Ogina

14:00 – 16:00

Mission presentation – max. 10‐minute presentation with 4 slides on the following:

4 main projects

3 main challenges

Key areas of opportunities for new projects

Top 3 risk areas

Each CoM (According to alphabetical order of names of countries—please see

below)

16:00 – 16:15 Tea Break

16:15 – 17:30

Brainstorm on:

EC Call for Proposals: Thematic Programme on Migration and Asylum

Setting priorities for 1035 submissions in 2012

New regional project initiatives for 2012

Tal Raviv

19:00 ‐ Group Dinner

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Documents

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