IPR and DPR Drivers and Opportunities

Andrew Salveson, P.E.Vice President

Water Reuse Practice Director

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t/2 10/201610/201510/2014

10/201310/201210/2011

Carollo and Water Reuse

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Carollo ranks first among all water-only design firms

ENR selected Carollo as its 2016 Top California Design Firm

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Carollo’s reuse experience - By The Numbers

Potable reuse projects

Industry History with Potable Water Reuse

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Potable Water ReuseWastewater Treatment

Urban Water Use

Water Treatment

Environmental Buffer

Advanced Water

Treatment

Plus “Engineered Buffer”

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Successful potable water reuse projects

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California is the Global Leader in Potable Water Reuse

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Near Term Potable Water Reuse in CA Will More Than Double Current Capacity

• Near Term (2017-2025)− Santa Clara Valley Water District− Oxnard− Orange County Water District (expansion)− City of Los Angeles− Metropolitan Water District− Padre Dam− San Diego− Fresno− Soquel Creek Water District− Monterey

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Numerous examples exist for successful surface water IPR in the US

UOSA and Occoquan Reservoir (Virginia)

Gwinnett County Georgia and Lake Lanier

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3+ Years of successful DPR in Texas

Extensive testing showed purified water was better quality than other water supplies AND protective of public health.

Regulatory Requirements and Guidance for Public Health Protection

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Organization Confidence in the Safety of Potable Water Reuse?

State of California Division of Drinking Water (formerly CDPH)

Yes, formal regulations finalized in 2014

National Research Council

Yes, 2012 report documents safety of potable water reuse and demonstrates comparative safety of potable reuse to conventional water supplies

California Medical Association

Yes, CMA demonstrates support for potable reuse in 2012

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Yes, multiple approved projects based upon a case by case analysis

Arizona, Virginia, Colorado, New Mexico, etc.

Yes, many states have potable reuse projects safely producing water based upon different regulatory approaches

Properly Engineered Potable Water Reuse is Protective of Public Health

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Water quality targets for potable water reuse are defined Pathogens

Pollutants

173-page DPRFramework

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CEC Removal Needs Special Consideration

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CEC criteria recommended by SWRCB and RWQCBs

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IPR facilities continue to demonstrate performance to CEC targets

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Finished water meets all drinking water standards with very few detections of regulated chemicals

Drinking WaterStandards

Non Detects (687 out of 690)Detected (3) but below regulated levels

Compounds of Emerging Concern (CECs)

Non Detects (258 of 264)Detected (6 but below health goals)

Big Spring Texas

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Big Spring DPR Project Goal:“Reuse 100% of the water, 100% of the time”

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• Raw Water Provider

• Serves over 500,000 people in 25 counties

• Water Sources:− Surface Water

− Weather Modification (since 1970)

− Recent Well Fields

− Newest: DPR

Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought

Lake O.H. Ivie, April 2011

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O.H. Ivie(1990)

J.B. Thomas(1952)

E.V. Spence(1967)

Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought

WaterDataForTexas.org

21%

9%

63%

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DPR on the Map: Completing the Cycle

Moss Creek Lake

City Water Treatment Plant

City Wastewater Treatment PlantRaw Water

Production Facility

Red Draw Reservoir (for evaporation)

Distribution from Base 5 Reservoir

(15 MG)

City of Big Spring

RO Concentrate to Beal’s Creek

Product Water Blend Point

Beal’s Creek Diversion

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Carollo Team Led In-Depth Water Quality Evaluation of Big Spring DPR Facility

Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis UV

FilteredEffluent

from Big Spring

H2O2

<50% blend

To drinking water plants

Moss Creek Lake

E.V. Spence Pipeline

RO concentrateto Beal’s Creek

4

1 2 3 5

6

1Sample locations

Study Sponsored by:Research Partners:•Southern Nevada Water Authority•Trussell Technologies•University of Texas•Nalco Company•Hazen & Sawyer

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24 Months of extensive water quality sampling at Big Spring says…

Pathogens MCLs Aesthetics

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Fluorescence Images Tell a Good Story

Effluent RO Permeate

Moss Creek Lake

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RO Achieves Robust Removal of Trace Organics (Pharmaceuticals etc.)

0

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

ng/L

RWPF Influent

RO Feed

AOP Feed

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AOP Finishes the Job

0

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

ng/L

RWPF Influent

RO Feed

AOP Feed

Product Water

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0

1

10

100

1,000

ng/L

Product Water

0

1

10

100

1,000

ng/L

Product Water

Moss Creek Lake

DPR Finished Water Improves Blended Water Quality wrt Trace Organics

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The Story is Similar for Nitrosamines…

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

ng/L

Moss Creek LakeProduct Water

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… and Estrogens…

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

ng/L

Moss Creek LakeProduct Water

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… and Perfluorinated Chemicals…

0

1

2

3

4

5

ng/L

Moss Creek LakeProduct Water

Technology Innovations

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Screenshot from “Ways of Water”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwrYFJEJSQ0

DPR system would use a multi-faceted monitoring system for real-time water quality confidence

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Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring

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Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring

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Innovative UV AOP Without Oxidants

Patented electrode system for in-situ radical generation (for UV AOP) from

Evoqua

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UV AOP Meets DDW Criteria Without Peroxide

CA Regulatory Standard

UV w/Peroxide

Electrode Only

UV W/Electrode

Research Needs

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0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

CD18.0 CD28.0 CE28.5 CG18.0 AD28.0 AE18.5 AE28.5 BD18.0 BD28.0 BE28.5

% To

tal Seq

uences

Chart Title

Bulk Water

Biofilm

Bulk Water

Biofilm

10% DPR90% Potable

10% DPR w/ Biofiltration90% Potable

100% Potable

Bulk Water

Biofilm

Bulk Water

(Culturable)

WRF 4536 Tackling ARGs in Finished Water Supplies (including DPR)

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Coast to Coast, Searching for Unknown Unknowns in DPR Water

Secondary/TertiaryEffluent

UF RO UV AOP

ESB

CEC Suite X X X X X X

NTA X X X X X X

Bioassay Suite X X X X X X

Secondary/TertiaryEffluent

O3 BAF UF GAC /IX

UVAOP

CEC Suite X X X X X X

NTA X X X X X X

Bioassay Suite X X X X X X

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Some Utilities are Facing Concerns about RO Concentrate Discharge to Ocean or Brackish Waters

• RO concentrate minimization is costly, including thermal, drying beds, hyper-recovery systems, etc.

• Is there a way to create a beneficial salty water from RO concentrate?

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Toxicity Eliminated in RO Concentrate for Salt Tolerant Species – Topsmelt

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Surv

ival

Per

cent

age

Dilution Value

Percent of RO Concentrate vs. Topsmelt Survival

Untreated ROC - Oct 2015

Test 5.1 (pH = 9.8)

Test 6.1 (pH = 10.96)

Baseline

Untreated ROC - Dec 2015

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A Better Understanding of Risk is Needed

Public Outreach/Education

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Tackling Perception and the Yuck Factor, One Can at a Time

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“The Ways of Water” used to provide context about potable reuse without stigmatizing language

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Survey results show that customers are supportive of potable reuse

55%

29%

9%6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Very Supportive Moderately Supportive Only Slightly Supportive Not Supportive At All

Figure 7: How supportive are you of highly purified used water being delivered into groundwater, mixed with other qualities of water, and

then disinfected or treated again before it is consumed?

84%

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Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support

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http://abc7.com/news/ventura-company-making-wastewater-drinkable/859119/

Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support

Summary

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Potable Water Reuse Projects Are:

• A Vital Component of New Water Supplies for our Community

• Proven to be of high quality and protective of public health

• An economically viable solution

Potable water reuse projects require attention to detail, advanced treatment, advanced monitoring, skilled operation, and financial and managerial support to be (and to remain) successful.

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Questions?