Iran Hostage Crisis Group BibliographyLisa Peng, Andrew Chen, Janet Chuang

Works Cited:

Primary Sources:

"Jimmy Carter for President 1980 Campaign Brochure." 4president.org. N.p., n.d.             Web. 26 Oct. 2013. <http://www.4president.org>.

Getting authentic information in the form of Jimmy Carter’s 1980 campaign brochure made me feel like I was currently living in 1980 when he was running for president and trying to reign in votes. At the same time, this source helped me understand what Carter campaigned for, what he did for America during his presidency, and the tactics he used to win the votes of the American people. This webpage had the digitalized version of his campaign brochure, which was used on this website on under Reagan vs. Carter. 

"October 28, 1980 Debate Transcript." Debates.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.            <http://www.debates.org>.

Another debate transcript just like the one below.

Jimmy Carter: "Presidential Debate in Cleveland," October 28, 1980. Online byGerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu>.

You can’t get more accurate in information than a webpage containing the transcript of Carter and Reagan’s presidential debate from October 28, 1980. Although I did not read through this debate in its entirety, I found the famous and most influential lines from the debate and read through the paragraphs that included those lines, which helped me better understand the debate beyond the perspective of just a brief overview of the key points. I also downloaded this debate transcript that is available on the Reagan vs. Carter page.

Weisman, Steven R. "Reagan Takes Oath As 40th President; Promises An 'EraOf National Renewal'" The New York Times. N.p., 20 Jan. 1981. Web. 25 Oct. 

            2013. <http://www.nytimes.com>. 

There is no way to get the initial perspective of old news except by reading the old newspaper! The New York Times published an electronic version of the January 20, 1981 newspaper that covered events such as Ronald Reagan’s inauguration ceremony and the following hostage release. I gained insight into the excitement America was feeling that day from Reagan’s inauguration to the U.S. hostages flying home from Iran.

BBC World Service Poll. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. <http://www.worldpublicopinion.org>. 

BBC’s 2013 Country Rating Pole had statistics of how different countries were ranked according to their influence being viewed as positive or negative. These statistics were used in the Lasting Animosity page to prove the U.S.’s current unfavorable view towards Iran.

Kinzer, Stephen. "Time to Get Over the Iran Hostage Crisis." The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily Beast, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://www.thedailybeast.com>.

This article debated some of the hate directed toward Iran from most Americans, and how the iran hostage crisis was the instigator for that hate. I used a quote in this article from Bruce Laingen's corrospondance about how he deeply regrets the longterm effects of the iran hostage crisis, even though he himself was a hostage in the situation.

Maiwald, Phillip. Tehran US embassy propaganda statue of liberty. Digital image. 9 Sept. 2008. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Teheran_US_embassy_propaganda_statue_of_liberty.jpg>.

This digital image is of one of many anti-americanism murals painted along the walls of the former U.S. embassy in Iran. It is one form of Iranian propaganda, where the statue of liberty's face is painted in a frightening, and ghoulish manner.

"Ronald Reagan Quotes." Quotes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://www.quotes.net/quote/8216>.

Ronald Reagan said this quote about Jimmy Carter to show his humor-full character in contrast to Carter's somber and depressing attitude.

Carter Mondale Campaign Brochure. Digital image. A Tested and Trustworthy Team. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is and image of the pamphlet cover of Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale's 1980 presidential campaign.

Flag Iran America. Digital image. The Indian Republic. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. <http://direct.theindianrepublic.com/2014/01/Flag_Iran_America_101208-300x224.jpg>.

This image is of a blend of the American and Iranian flag that represents the two

countries compared side by side, and linked together.

Noroozi, Ebrahim. Iranian Protesters Anti-American Slogans. Digital image. New York Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.1505865.1383572009!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_635/mideast-iran.jpg>.

On the 34th anniversary of the U.S. embassy takeover, thousands of iranians rally up and carry banners with slogans such as "Down With U.S.A.", as seen in this photograph.

Drexler, Madeline. 1980 Carter vs. Reagan Presidential Debate. Digital image. New York Times. N.p., 1 Oct. 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/01/us/DEBATE-3.html>.

Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan shake hands before the presidential debate of Oct. 28, 1980 begins and and they both try to tear each other apart with words. Each participant is smiling warmly at the other in this photograph.

Point Salines Airfield, Grenada. Digital image. United States Department of Defense, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. <http://www.acig.org/artman/uploads/total_airfield.jpg>.

This image of Point Salines Airfield was taken during the 2nd or 3rd day of the U.S. intervention at Grenada for Operation Urgent Fury. In the foreground of this photograph, a USAF C-130 is unloading supplies, and there's a USMC CH-46 behind it. In the background, a captured Cubana Antonov An-26 and An-2 can be seen.

“Reagan and the 1980 Debates.” 2014. The History Channel website. Jan 26 2014, 7:58 http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/videos/reagan-and-the-1980-debates.

Ronald Reagan crushed Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential debate and this video gave me some defining moments of the debate to focus in on and those parts are analyzed in detail in this video, specifically the "There you go again" statement and "Are you better off?" inquiry from Reagan.

Kenare, Atta. Iranian Women Anti-US Sign Barack Obama. Digital image. The Telegraph. N.p., 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. <http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02386/iran-obama_2386596b.jpg>.

On the 33rd anniversary of the U.S. embassy takeover in Iran, Iranian women are protesting outside of the building, holding an anti-US sign depicting a cartoon Barack Obama.

1980 Presidential Debate. Digital image. New Statesman. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.newstatesman.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/fullnode_image/articles/2010/20100414_768858_w.jpg>.

The banner on the "Reagan vs. Carter" subpage under "Aftermath" contains this image in the background. This is a panned out view of the stage setup of the presidential debate on Oct. 28, 1980.

Debate with Ronald Reagan (October 28, 1980)-. Perf. Jimmy Carter. Miller Center of Public Affairs. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/5535>.

I edited out 3 clips of the decisive moments of this presidential debate between Reagan and Carter from this video and posted each individual clip on the "Reagan vs. Carter" subpage under "Aftermath".

"“America without Her Soldiers Would Be like God without His Angels.”." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. <https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/386140-america-without-her-soldiers-would-be-like-god-without-his>.

Claudia Pemberton is the author of "Love Leaves No One Behind", which is a military romance novel. A beautiful quote from the book is used on the "U.S. National Security" subpage under "Aftermath".

Inflation Adjusted US Military Spending (1962-2015). Digital image. Davemanuel.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.davemanuel.com/images/graphs/us_military_spending_1962-2015.gif>.

The U.S. military spendings are mapped out on a line chart from 1962-2015. I used this chart to prove a point on the "U.S. National Security" page that there is a spike in spending around the 1980s time period right after the Iran Hostage Crisis, indicating the significance of this event, and how threatened the U.S. felt after this event. 

Campbell, Colin. "Report Reveals Activities of Secret Unit JSOC." PressTV. N.p., 4 Sept. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://presstv.com/detail/197305.html>.

An excerpt from this video helped quickly convey on my "U.S. National Security" page what JSOC was.

Horowitz, Alana. "Navy SEALS Photos Showcase Rarely-Seen Daily Life Of Sailors."The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 02 May 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/02/navy-seals-photos_n_3204276.html>.

The Navy SEALs have gained a considerable amount of fame for assassinating Osama Bin Laden. The good quality insider pictures of this force are taken to be impressive. See on "U.S. National Security" subpage.

Rick. "Welcome to Hell…BUD/S Navy SEALs Training in High-res (27 HQ Photos)."The Brigade. The Brigade, 12 June 2011. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://thebrigade.thechive.com/2011/06/12/welcome-to-hell…buds-navy-seals-training-in-high-res-27-hq-photos/>.

Navy SEAL men are trained to an insane level of fitness, coordination, and strength to serve their country. These are some photos of the tough training they go through. See on "U.S. National Security" subpage.

Rick. "Story of Delta Company in Kandahar (14 HQ Photos)." The Brigade. The Brigade, 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://thebrigade.thechive.com/2010/09/13/story-of-delta-company-in-kandahar-15-hq-photos/>.

There are 4 photos of Delta Force (Task Force 1-66) patrolling the Arghandab River Valley in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan used from this source that can be found on the "U.S. National Security" subpage. This shows the service of the men from the secretive Delta Force.

Crew Super Six Four, Somalia. Digital image. Defense Media Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://i0.wp.com/www.defensemedianetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Michael-Durant1.jpg>.

Michael Durant was the pilot and lone survivor of the super six-four crew of 160th SOAR "night stalkers". This photo of his crew with his helicopter was taken in Somalia, Operation Gothic Serpent.

"Army Rangers Get There with 160th SOAR in High-res (46 HQ Photos)." The Brigade. The Brigade, 10 Aug. 2011. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://thebrigade.thechive.com/2011/08/10/army-rangers-get-there-with-160th-soar-in-high-res-45-hq-photos/>.

Although these pictures depict the U.S. Army Rangers being sent to places by air, the main thing I'm focusing on are the 160th SOAR pilots and airplanes. See on "U.S. National Security" subpage.

Murphy, Doyle. "American Flags Burn as Thousands Protest at Former U.S. Embassy in Iran ." New York Daily News. New York Daily News, 4 Nov. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/american-flags-burn-thousands-protest-u-s-embassy-iran-article-1.1505869>.

This article contains photos of the largest annual protest in Iran in years. Protests were held in front of the former U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, on the 34th anniversary of the takeover.

Dawber, Alistair. "'Iran Will Still Make a Nuclear Bomb': Israel’s Ambassador to the UK Daniel Taub Argues the Geneva Deal Endangers Us All." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 27 Nov. 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iran-will-still-make-a-nuclear-bomb-israels-ambassador-to-the-uk-daniel-taub-argues-the-geneva-deal-endangers-us-all-8965373.html>.

This news article is little more than US propaganda to keep feelings toward Iran cold and hateful. The Geneva deal should have settled the argument over Iran building nuclear arms but The Independent wants to state that Iran will still make a nuclear bomb even with an international piece of legislature proof stating otherwise.

Lenzner, Robert. "Iran Can Have A Nuclear Bomb In Six Weeks If Negotiations Fail, Israel Claims." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 18 Nov. 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. <http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertlenzner/2013/11/18/israeli-economics-minister-bennett-warns-that-saudi-arabiaother-gulf-states-will-build-nuclear-bombs-if-iran-gets-one/>.

This article is even more preposterous than the last one as it claims that Iran could have a nuclear bomb in six weeks. This is another piece of US propaganda with misleading facts.

Jones, Jeffrey M. "In U.S., 83% Say North Korean Nukes Are a Critical Threat." Gallup Politics. Gallup, 18 Feb. 2013. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. <http://www.gallup.com/poll/160541/say-north-korean-nukes-critical-threat.aspx>.

The statistics of this Gallup poll show that the US propaganda toward Iran is working, as 99% of Americans who took the poll see Iran developing nuclear weapons as a threat, with 83% seeing it as a critical threat.

"CNN Opinion Research Poll." CNN. Cable News Network, 12 Feb. 2010. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/02/19/rel4e.pdf>.

The statistics of this CNN Opinion Research Poll shows that 71% of Americans think Iran already has nuclear weapons, which is appalling because Iran has never even begun to make the decision to begin developing nuclear weapons.

“444 Days.” Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.pownetwork.org>.

This website produces amounts of brief secondary source information about the rescue plan “eagle claw”, primary source such as the permission of the rescue

mission.

Quote of Jimmy Carter “During My Administration the Most Unpleasant, Jimmy             Carter | Dictionary.com.”  Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://quotes.dictionary.com>

This quote by Jimmy Carter helped me to understand the US government’s attitude towards the hostage crisis and their delightful mood to get this puzzle solved.

“Iran Hostage’s Diary / Robert C. Ode.” Web. 22 Oct. 2013.             <http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov>.

This website provides a hostage’s diary which provides a lot of information about how was the life like during the hostage.

“SHAFR: Dec. 2002 Newsletter: Vance.” Web. 24 Oct. 2013.            <http://www.shafr.org>.

This primary source honestly showed the reason why the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance resigned. Which provided reasons for the cancel of the second rescue plan.

“The End of The Iran Hostage Crisis in Headlines.” Web. 23 Oct. 2013.             <http://kcmeesha.com>.

The newsletter from the day when the hostages got released and the reactions of the nation and their happiness of their reunion with their families provided a lot of evidence of the importance of the event.

“Jimmy Carter on Iran, Hostages and the Hikers - WNYC.” Web. 21 Oct. 2013.           <http://www.wnyc.org>.

This audio source of Jimmy Carter about the hostage again provided me information about his personal and government’s position, emotion and viewpoint about the event as time passed from 1979-1981.

Wilber, Donald “New York Times Special Report: The C.I.A. in Iran.” New York             Times, June 18, 2000 Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

This website provides detailed information about the C.I.A. in Iran. This is a great help to me because Operation Ajax is mainly planned and executed under the control C.I.A, and this will all be first hand information.

Ghandchi, Sam. “My Memories of Savak Interrogations.” SCI (soc.culture.iranian), 22 Oct. 1998. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.

The author of this site wrote about his feelings when the SAVAK interrogated him.

And through out the article, he also revealed what the SAVAK did to the other disobeying Iranian citizens. He also wrote about what he and the other Iranians think of the SAVAK. 

Ostman, Ronald E., and William A. Babcock. "Reagan Inauguration, Hostage Release Or Both? Publication Time, Ownership And Circulation Size In Daily Newspaper Editorial Decisions." Newspaper Research Journal 3.4 (1982): 24-35.Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.

This primary document is a newspaper document that have been published by the day the hostage ended. This document described me more information about the nation’s reaction on the release and the atmosphere around the country.

Milani, Mohsen. “The Making of Iran’s Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic - 2nd Edition by Mohsen M. Milani | Questia, Your Online Research Library.” Westview Press, 1994. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

This book first gave a timeline of significant event which I can look further into. I didn't find part one useful, however, the part two and part three, which talks about the background and event of the Iranian revolution, it helped me a lot. It also revealed the why the people of Iran dislikes their shah, which is my second body paragraph.

 

"Ronald Reagan: Inaugural Address." Ronald Reagan: Inaugural Address. N.p., n.d.             Web. 21 Nov. 2013.

This speech transcript of Reagan’s Inaugural Address gave me all the information I needed about Reagan’s promises to the country regarding recovery after the Iran Hostage Crisis.

“CIA and Iran,what Really Hapenned Article Writen by Ardeshir Zahedi in New York Times.” New York Times., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image shows a group of Pro-Shah Iranians celebrating their victory on a tank on a road in Tehran

“(JPEG Image, 930 × 524 Pixels) - Scaled (66%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014.

This image shows the enmity of the Iranian people to the United States Government. 

“Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran.” New York Times., August 19, 1953 Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image showed the chaos condition on the streets of Tehran back when Operation Ajax commenced.

“FE_DA_130110IranianHostage425x283.jpg (425×283).” Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image helps us to understand how was it like when the students invaded the US embassy and controlled the hostages. This gave us a lot of information about the situation of the hostages.

“Hostages-iran_2374901b.jpg (620×387).” N. p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image showed the 6 persons who luckily escaped and meeting Jimmy Carter. This picture showed us the appearances of the people.

“FE_DA_130110IranianHostage425x283.jpg (425×283).” Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image helps us to understand how was it like when the students invaded the US embassy and controlled the hostages. This gave us a lot of information about the situation of the hostages.

“Hostages-iran_2374901b.jpg (620×387).” N. p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This image showed the 6 persons who luckily escaped and meeting Jimmy Carter. This picture showed us the appearances of the people.

“6.jpg (416×300).” N. p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This images is about the wreckage of the plane that crashed during the Eagle Claw Operation, which tells how serious the damage is was.

“200px-Iran_hostages_return.jpg (200×135).” N. p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.

This picture is about the return of the hostages at the final end of the hostage crisis. In the picture, we can clearly tell the delight mood of the people.

“24119_179.jpg (500×350).” N. p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.

This picture is a picture taken at the site that one of the plane in the Eagle Claw Operation collided. This picture again showed the failure of the operation.

“Statement on the Iran Rescue Mission (April 25, 1980)—Miller Center.” N. p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.

This speech is the statement that president Jimmy Carter claimed about the operation about the responsibility is all on himself.

“Ebrat-Museum-Tehran-15.jpg (JPEG Image, 595 × 397 Pixels) – Scaled (87%).” Ebrat Museum, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a photo of an exhibit of men being held captive by the SAVAK.

“Ebrat-Museum-Tehran-24.jpg (JPEG Image, 595 × 397 Pixels) - Scaled (87%).”Ebrat Museum, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a photo of an exhibit of men being tortured by the SAVAK.

“Ebrat-Museum-Tehran-26.jpg (JPEG Image, 595 × 397 Pixels) - Scaled (87%).” Ebrat Museum Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a photo of an exhibit of men being tortured by the SAVAK.

“Imperial Iranian Pahlavi National Intelligence & Security Organization Insignia SAVAK.jpg (JPEG Image, 250 × 296 Pixels).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is the symbol for SAVAK, which was later photoshopped to changed the background color to white.

“Imperial Iranian Pahlavi National Intelligence & Security Organization Insignia SAVAK.jpg (JPEG Image, 250 × 296 Pixels).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a photo of innocent civilians executed by the SAVAK, this shows that the SAVAK was brutal.

“Mohammad_Mosaddeq,_Ahmadabad,_ca_1965_-_2nd.jpg (JPEG Image, 432 × 645 Pixels) - Scaled (53%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a photo of the prime minister of Iran in house arrest, this is from a private album helded by one of the prime minster's close friend.

“Operation_ajax.jpg (JPEG Image, 400 × 400 Pixels) - Scaled (86%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

A photo of the prime minister arrested by the officials.

“28mordad1332.jpg (JPEG Image, 332 × 420 Pixels) - Scaled (82%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

A photo of the Shah's supporters demonstrating on the streets of Tehran.

“28mordad1332.jpg (JPEG Image, 332 × 420 Pixels) - Scaled (82%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

A photo of the officials planning Operation Ajax.

“Iran-Massive-Anti-US-Demonstration-in-Tehran.jpg (JPEG Image, 900 × 600 Pixels) - Scaled (57%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

This is a rare colored photo of the people of Iran protesting against the U.S. government.

“Mossadegh-14.JPG (JPEG Image, 1003 × 856 Pixels) - Scaled (40%).” N. p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

A photo of the prime minister mossadegh leaving from a meeting.

Iranian Women. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 22 Jan 2014.http://quest.eb.com/images/300_3203126

“Iran-Clothing-Women-Visit-Mosque-Wear-Chador.jpg (JPEG Image, 358 × 268 Pixels).” aitotours.com, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

A photo of Iranian women wearing Chador

“Image (PNG Image, 1427 × 628 Pixels) - Scaled (55%).” University of Notre Dame, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

This is a world map of the cold war era, it also marks all the alliances and organizations.

“Iron-Curtain-Toon.jpg (JPEG Image, 575 × 367 Pixels) - Scaled (94%).” MrKaufman.info , n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

A cartoon that shows the Iron curtain.

“640x392_69494_113658.jpg (JPEG Image, 640 × 392 Pixels) - Scaled (88%).” Alarabia.net , n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

A photo of a class in Iran.

Secondary Sources:

Thurm, Eric. "Debate Night: Carter/Reagan, 1980." Thiswastv.com. N.p., 5 Sept. 2012. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.           

           <http://thiswastv.com/2012/09/05/debate-night-carterreagan-1980/>.

This article was a big help in finding images and videos on the Reagan vs. Carter 1980 debate. Eric Thurm also had a good analysis of the debate on this webpage.

 "1980 Presidential Debates." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.             <http://edition.cnn.com>.

This source provided some key arguments and points made during the 1980 presidential debate that both Carter and Reagan took part in. The information on this webpage helped me understand more about the presidential campaign and reasons for Reagan’s election in 1980. I used some direct quotations from the debates in my Reagan vs. Carter page.

Shogan, Colleen. “Presidential Campaigns and the Congressional Agenda: Reagan,             Clinton, and Beyond.” (2004)

Shogan’s article presented very useful information on Reagan’s presidential campaign in 1980. It clearly states the main message and various goals of his campaign, which helped me gather evidence on reasons why Reagan won the general election in 1980 by a landslide. 

"American President: Biography of Jimmy Carter." Millercenter.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. <http://millercenter.org>.

This biography gave me an overview on Jimmy Carter’s personal life and outlined some major political events he took part in, particularly the presidential race in 1980 against Ronald Reagan. This article outlined some key differences between what Carter campaigned for and what Reagan campaigned for.

"160th Aviation Regiment (Special Operations) (Airborne)/ "Night Stalkers""             Globalsecurity.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.             <http://www.globalsecurity.org>.

I gained valuable insight and evidence by reading this informational webpage about the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, commonly called “Night Stalkers” and its goals. This webpage helped me understand the United States’ special operation aviation units and it’s high recruitment standards. 

"Joint Special Operations Command." Socom.mil. United States Special Operations Command, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. <http://www.socom.mil>.

The USSOCOM website offered much information about various parts of the U.S.

military. This particular webpage about JSOC helped me understand JSOC’s purpose in the US military and the units it controlled and commanded. 

Smith, Stew. "Delta Force: Missions and History." Military.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.military.com>.

This webpage presented much information on the secretive Delta Force unit of the U.S. military. It helped me understand Delta Force’s history and various counter-terrorism missions. 

"Operations." Special Operations.Com. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.             <http://www.specialoperations.com>.

This webpage contained a timeline of publicly known Delta Force missions from 1979-1998. Special Operation forces of the U.S. are shrouded in secrecy, even on the internet. This timeline was very successful in summarizing some famous missions Delta Force took part in and their frequent partners on these missions. 

Ghasemi, Shapour. "The July 1988 Shooting Down of Iran Air Flight 655."             Globalresearch.ca. Centre for Research on Globalization, 03 July 2013. Web.             27 Oct. 2013. < http://www.globalresearch.ca>.

This informational article provided a very detailed account on the facts of the 1988 shooting on Iran Air Flight 655. This article gave me an in-depth look at the disaster that the U.S. still claims to be an accident and an unfortunate but unavoidable aspect of war.

Takeyh, Ray. "Iran: The Nuclear Challenge." Cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations,             n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. <http://www.cfr.org>.

Takeyh provides a timeline of the stages of Iran’s nuclear weapons development since the mid-1980s. I used information from this article to write about America denying Iran’s nuclear weapons programs.

"VIEW : Iran-United States Relation: Due for Realignment — Abdur Rahman Chowdhury." Dailytimes.com.pk. Daily Times, 13 Oct. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. <http://www.dailytimes.com.pk>.

The Daily Times’ Oct. 13 news article is about the strides both Iranian and American leaders are trying to take to settle their hostile relations. In this article I obtained useful information on Iran’s nuclear energy programs and western countries’ stands against it.

“Iran Hostage Crisis - New World Encyclopedia.” Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org>.

                                                           The encyclopedia gave me a lot of information and detail about the release of the hostages soon after the election.

“Iran Hostage Crisis Facts, Information, Pictures | Encyclopedia.com Articles About             Iran Hostage Crisis.” Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.encyclopedia.com>

This source it gave great detail about why and how did the ice breaking happened, which created a great turning point at the time.

“The History Guy: Iran-U.S. Hostage Crisis (1979-1981).” Web. 22 Oct. 2013.<http://www.historyguy.com>.

This secondary source gave a large amount of information about the start of the Iran Hostage Crisis. Such as the circumstance of how did the angry Iranian captured the Americans and the later first release of the women and African-Americans.

“CNN Library: Iran Hostage Crisis Fast Facts.” Web. 21 Oct. 2013.<http://edition.cnn.com>.

This secondary source helped me with the frame of the whole outline by providing a clear timeline about the whole crisis from start to the end.

“The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School.” Web. 25 Oct.             2013. <http://teacher.scholastic.com>.

This source provided some brief information of Iran’s situation right before the crisis, which provided a reasonable cause for the break out of the hostage crisis.

“Locked Up Abroad: The Real Argo | National Geographic Channel.” Web. 24 Oct.             2013. <http://channel.nationalgeographic.com>.

This documentary film provided information about the successful but risk taking escape of the 6 Americans who luckily avoided the 444 days of hostage in Iran.

“US-Iran Relations - آمریکا و ایران سیاسی روابط .” Pars Times, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.

This site provides US and Iran relationship ever since the 1900. It has a lot of information on everything. I read through related articles and choose a few keywords to research on them. Like the topic of Operation Ajax, Iranian revolution and the brutality of SAVAK is inspired by this site.

“Savak/Savama, the Symbol of Censorship and Torture in Iran.” Angelfire.com, n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

This websites provides the basic information of what the SAVAK. Also, the article wrote about what the Iranian people think about SAVAK. This site is mainly used to prove that the SAVAK was a brutal and cold blooded organization.

“9-11 Review: Operation Ajax.” Future Home Foundation, May 24 2012 22 Oct. 2013.

This article provides a brief introduction to the Operation Ajax. It also included how the Iranian citizens felt about these foreign intervention from America. However, this site is not very useful because it is not detailed enough. Later I only use this website for keywords and other related topics.

“Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh Biography :: Mohammad Mossadegh .com.” Mossadegh Project, n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

Mohammad Mossadegh (Mossadeq)’s biography gave me information about this political career, how he was overthrown, and what happened to him after Operation Ajax in 1953.

“The Iranian Revolution.” Marcohistory, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.           This site covered about everything relating to the Iranian Revolution. It provides information about the background and the causes, then about the actual event and the outcome of the revolution. After using this site I decided to focus more on the brutality of the SAVAK.

Latham, Amanda “Cold War Museum.” The Cold War Museum, Jun 6 2008 Web. 6 Nov. 2013.

This webpage has information about Operation Ajax from a cold war point of view, like the impact to the cold war from Operation Ajax.  This is that site that revealed to me that the Operation Ajax is one of the events that led to the 1980 Iran hostage crisis. 

Marion, Forrest L. "Air Force Combat Controllers At Desert One: April 24-25, 1980." Air Power History 56.1 (2009): 46.Advanced Placement Source. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.

This document helps me to understand the rescue plan of the hostages during 1980. This document is a report on the unsuccessful attempt, this document showed the reasons that caused the fail of the rescue plan.

“The Anglo-Iranian Oil Dispute of 1951-1952: A Study of the Role of Law in the Relations of States by Alan W. Ford | Questia, Your Online Research Library.” University of California Press, 1954. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

One of the reason that caused the 1953 Iranian coup (Operation Ajax) was that western countries and Iran failed to settle the oil trade. This book revealed details of the Oil settlement and it's problems they had during the settlement.

Conover, Pamela Johnston, and Lee Sigelman. "Presidential Influence And Public Opinion: The Case Of The Iranian Hostage Crisis." Social Science Quarterly (University Of Texas Press) 63.2 (1982): 249-264. Education Research Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

This article from an academic journal was mainly about how presidential influence effects public opinion but in the analysis and from specific questions that were asked of the public, I gained valuable insight on how the public viewed the Iran Hostage Crisis and what president Carter did that affected those opinions. 

“444 Days in the Dark: An Oral History of the Iran Hostage Crisis.” n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

           <http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200911/iran-hostage-crisis-tehran-embassy-oral-history>

This article described the whole hostage crisis in great details and presented a lot of quotes from the president and soldiers involved in the rescue operation.