Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 15027-1 (2001): Micrographics - Vocabulary, Part 1:General Terms [MSD 5: Documentation and Information]

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Indian Standard

MICROGRAPHICS — VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL TERMS

ICS 01 .040.37; 37.080

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IBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

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NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) which is identical with ISO 6196-2:1993 ‘Micrographics — Vocabulary b

— Part 02: Image positions and methods of recording’ issued by the International Organization for~

Standardization ( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation ofDocumentation and Information Sectional Committee and approval of the Management and SystemsDivision Council.

The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

,..,

,:’

Wherever the words ‘Intert$tional Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be read

as ‘Indian Standard’. , t

In addition to this part, ISO 6196 ‘Micrographics — Vocabulary’ has the following parts:

Part 01: General terms

Part 03: Film processing

Part 04: Materials and packaging

Part 05: Quality of images, legibility,

Part 06: Equipment

Part 07: Computer micrographics

Part 08: Use

Part 10: Index

inspection

For all the above parts of ISO 6196, Indian Standards aiso exist and are identical with ISO Standards. ?!

In the adopted standard, normative reference has been madetoISO3166: 1988 ‘Codes for representa- !

tion of names of countries’. This standard has been superseded by ISO 3166-1 :1997 ‘Codes forrepresentation of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes’, for which Indian StandardIS 14836 ( Part 1 ) : 2000 ‘Codes for the representation-of names of countries and their subdivisions:Part 1 Country codes’ exists and is identical with ISO 3166-1.

In the adopted standard, normative reference has also been made to following International Standards \

for which there are no Indian Standards:

International Standard Title

ISO 1087:1990 Terminology — Vc%abulary

ISO 10241:1992 International terminofbgy standards — Preparation and layout

The concerned Sectional Committee has reviewed the provisions of these International Standards andhas decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard.

Only the English language text of the international Standard has been retained while adopting it in thisIndian Standard.

IS 15027 ( Part 1 )ISO 6196-1 : 1993

Indian Standard

MICROGRAPHICS — VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL TERMS

Section 1: General

1S1 Scope

This part of ISO 6196 is intended to facilitateinternational communication in micrographics.It presents, in two languages, terms anddefinitions of selected concepts relevant to thefield of information processing and identifiesrelationships between the entries,

In order to facilitate their translation into otherlanguages, the definitions are drafted so as toavoid, as far as possible, any peculiarity attachedto a language.

1.2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this part of ISO 6196. At the time of publication,the editions indicated were valid. All standardsare subject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this partofISO6196 are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers ofcurrently valid International Standards.

ISO 1087:1990, Termho/ogy — Vbcahdary

ISO 3166:1988, Codes for the representationof names of countries.

ISO 10241 : 1992, /r?ternationa/ terrnho/ogystandards — preparation and layout.

1.3 Principles and rules followed

1.3.1 Definition of an entry

Section 2 comprises a number of entries. Eachentry consists of a set of essential elementsthat includes an index number, one term or severalsynonymous terms, and a phrase defining oneconcept. In addition, an entry may includeexamples, notes or illustrations to facilitateunderstanding of the concept.

Occasionally, the same term may be defined indifferent entries, or two or more concepts maybe covered by one entry, as described in 1.3.5and 1.3.8 respectively.

The presentation rules laid down in ISO 10241

:2001

are followed in ISO 6196.

Other terms such as vocabulary, concept, termand definition are used in this partofISO6196with the meaning defined in ISO 1087.

1.3.2 Organization of an entry

Each entry contains the essential elements definedin 1.3.1 and, if necessary, additional elements.The entry may contain the following elements inthe following order:

a) an index number (common for all languagesin which this partofISO6196 is published );

b) the term of the generally preferred term inthe language. The absence of a generallyaccepted term for the concept in the languageis indicated by a symbol consisting of fivepoints ( ..... ); a row of dots maybe used toindicate, in a term, a word to be chosen ineach particular case;

c) the preferred term in a particular country(identified according to the rules of ISO 3166 );

d) the abbreviation for the term;

e) permitted synonymous term(s);

f) the text of the definition ( see 1.3.4 );

g) one or more examples with the heading“ EXAMPLE(S) “;

h) one or more notes specifying particular casesin the field of application of the concepts,with the heading” NOTE(S) “;

i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which couldbe common to several entries.

1.3.3 Classification of entries

A two-digit serial number is assigned to eachpart ofISO6196, beginning with 01 for the partentitled “general terms”.

In certain cases, the entries are classified ingroups to each of which is assigned a four-digitserial number; the first two digits being those ofthe part of ISO 6196.

In certain cases, each entry is assigned a six-digit index number; the first four digits being thoseof the part of ISO 6196 and the group.

,

1

IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993

[n order that versions of ISO 6196 in variouslanguages are related, the numbers assigned to

parts, groups and entries are the same for alllanguages.

1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording ofdefinitions

The selection of terms and the wording ofdefinitions have, as far as possible, followedestablished usage. When there were contradictions,solutions agreeable to the majority have beensought.

1.3.5 Multiple meanings

When, in one of the working languages, a giventerm has several meanings, each meaning isgiven a separate entry in order to facilitatetranslation into other languages.

1.3.6 Abbreviations

As indicated in 1.3.2, abbreviations in currentuse are given for some terms. Such abbreviationsare not used in the texts of the definitions, examplesor notes.

1.3.7 Use of parentheses

In some terms, a word or words printed in boldtypeface are placed between parentheses. Thesewords are part of the complete term, but theymay be omitted when use of the abridged termin a technical context does not introduceambiguity. In the text of another definition, example,or note of ISO 6196, such a term is used only inits complete form.

In some entries, the terms are followed by wordsin parentheses in normal typeface. These wordsare not a part of the term but indicate directivesfor the use of the term, its particular field ofapplication, or its grammatical form.

1.3.8 Use of brackets

When several closely related terms can be definedby texts that differ only in a few words, the termsand their definitions are grouped in a single entry.The words to be substituted in order to obtainthe different meanings are placed in brackets,

i.e. [ ], in the same order in the term and in thedefinition, In order to avoid uncertainty regardingthe words to be substituted, the last word thataccording to the above rule could be placed infront of the opening bracket is, wherever possible,placed inside the bracket and repeated for eachalternativ&

1.3.9 Use of terms printed in bold typefacein definitions and the use of an asterisk

A term printed in bold typeface in a definition,an example, or a note is defined in another entryin ISO 6196, which may be in another part.However, the term is printed in bold typefaceonly the first time it occurs in each entry.

Bold typeface is also used for other grammaticalforms of a term, for example, plurals of nounsand participles of verbs.

The basic forms of all terms printed in boldtypeface which are defined in this part of ISO6196 are listed in the index at the end of thepart ( see 1.3.11 ).

An asterisk is used to separate terms printed inbold typeface when two such terms are referredto in separate entries and directly follow eachother ( or are separated only by a punctuationmark ).

Words or terms that are printed in normaltypeface are to be understood as defined in currentdictionaries or authoritative technicalvocabularies.

1.3.10 Spelling

In the English language version of this part ofISO 6196, terms, definitions, examples, and notesare given in the spelling preferred in the USA.Other correct spellings may be used withoutviolating this part of ISO 6196.

1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index

For each language used, an alphabetical indexis provided at the end of part. The index includesall terms defined in the part. Multiple-word termsappear in alphabetical order under each of theirkey words.

2

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——

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1t Section 2: Terms and definitions

11i 01.01micrographic

ktechniques associated with the production handlingand use of microforms

01.02microform

~

/ generic term for any material, usuallyphotographic film, that contains microlmages

01.03micro image

image too small to be eye-legible withoutmagnification

01.04original

any document to be reproduced by microfilming

01.05source document

original, usually on a paper base

01.06image

(1) Visual representation of an object resultingfrom the modulation of electromagneticradiation by that object

(2) representation by means of an appropriatereceiver ( screen, photosensitive sutiace ... )of an object or of data corresponding to thatobject

01.07photographic image

representation of an original on a photosensitivesurface, after processing

01.08latent image

image that becomes visible as a result ofprocessing

01.09negative-appearing image

image in which the lines and characters appearlight against a dark background

01.10positive-appearing image

image in which the lines and characters appeardark against a light background

IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993

01.11polarity

dark-to-light relationship of lines and charactersagainst a background

NOTE 1This term is used for expressing the change in orretention of the dark-to-light relationship of an imaga relativeto that of the orfginal,i.e. when a first-generation’negative-appearing Image give a second-generation positive-appaaringimagethereisa changein polarity in contrast,when a first-generation negative-appearing image givesa second-generation negative-appearing image the polarityis retained,

01.12exposure

exposing of a photosensitive material to radiantenergy generated by an original to obtain aphotographic image

01.13exposure time

period during which a photosensitive material issubjected to the action of radiation

01.14light exposure

mathematical product of the illuminance incidenton the photosensitive material and exposuretime

01.15frame

in a planetary camera*, step-and-repeatcamera or COM recorder, that area of the filmon which radiant energy acts during an exposure

NOTE 2 The area is determined by the aperture of theoptical system ( see figure 1 ).

I 11- bl I

b, x al image area

b2x q frame

t frame pitch

Figure 1— Exampleof planetary filming

01.16image area

area occupied by a microimage, determined by

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IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 :1993

the size of the original and the reduction ratio( see figure 1 )

01.17image block

area of a microfiche that can be occupied bymicroimages

01.18frame pitch ( GB )pull down ( US )

distance between the corresponding points ontwo successive frames ( see figure 1 )

01.19generation

stage of successive photographic reproductions

01.20nth generation of a microform

number assigned to each successive generation

NOTE 3 The first generation is the camera microform ormicroformcreatedbya COM-recorder.

.’01.21master

microform used to producegeneration of microforms

01.22intermediate

the succeeding

microform or second of further generation usedto produce duplicates

01.23duplicate

reproduction of a microform retaining the polarityand size of the master

01.24hard-copy

enlargement of a microimage, usually on paper,which can be read without magnification

01.25enlargement

image of greater size than the microimage, usuallyon paper or a screen

01.26copy

reproduction on any material of the informationcontained in a microform

01.27reduction ratio

relationship between the dimensions of amicroimage and the corresponding dimensionsof the original or of the writing grid ( COMtechnique )

EXAMPLE — A reduction ratio expressedas 1 :24.

NOTE 4 The reduction ratio is always smaller than 1.

01.28enlargement ratio

relationship between the dimensions of themicroimage and its enlargement

EXAMPLE — An enlargement ratio expressedas24:l.

01.29reproduction ratio

relationship between the dimensions of areproduction and the source document

EXAMPLE — 1/2 linear reproduction ( A2 hard-copy of an AO drawing ).

●’A

A

aperture 06

cCOM recorder 07

COPY 01.26

D

duplicate 01,23

E

enlargement 01,25

enlargement ratio 01.28

exposure 01.12

exposure time 01,13

F

film ( photographic) 04

frame 01,15

frame pitch 01.28

G

generation 01.19

nthgeneration of a microform 01.20

H

hard-copy 01.24

I

image 01.06

image area 01.16

image block 01.17

intermediate 01.22

IS 15027 ( Part 1 ) :2001ISO 6196-1 : 1993

Alphabetical index

L

latent image 01.08

light exposure 01.14

M

master 01.21

microfiche 04

microform 01.02

micrographics 01.01

microimage 01.03

N

negative-appearing image 01.09

0original 01.04

P

photographic film 04

photographic image 01,07

planetary camera 06

polarity 01.11

positive-appearing image 01.10

processing 03

pull down 01,18

R

reduction ratio 01.27

reproduction ratio 01.29

sscreen 06

source document 01.05

step-and-repeat camera 06

T-4

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Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution’established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications, No part of these publications maybe reproduced in any form withoutthe prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing thestandard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating tocopyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision, Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MSD 5 ( 200 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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