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IS 5058 (1996): Sodium Citrate, Food Grade [FAD 8: FoodAdditives]

IS 5058 : 1996

Indian Standa-rd

SODIUM CITRATE, FOOD GRADE - SPECIFICATION

(First Revision)

ICS 67.220.20

0 BIS 1996

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Ailglut 1996 Price Group 2

Food Additives Sectional Committee, FAD 8

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Food Additives Sectional Committee had been approved by the Food and Agriculture Division Council.

With the increased production of processed foods, manufacturers have started adding a large number of suhstanccs, generally in small quantities, to improve the appearance, flavour, texture or storage properties and in some cases to enhance the nutritive values of the processed foods. As certain impurities in these substances have been found to be harmful, it is necessary to have strict quality control of these food additives. A series of standards was, therefore, prepared by this Bureau to cover purity and identification of these substances. These standards would help in checking purity which requires to be checked at the stage of manufacture, for it is extremely difficult (and in many cases impossible) to detect the impurity once these substances have been added to the processed foods. Besides, these standards are intended to guide the indigenous manufacturers in making their product conform to specifications that are accepted by scientists, health authorities and international bodies, and its consumer industries to use it within the levels permitted by the health authorities.

Sodium citrate, food grade widely used as an emulsifying and stabilizing agent, is permitted under the Preverrtion of Food Adulteration Rules, 19.55.

Chemical Name and Formula - The recognized chemical name is sodium citrate. Chemical formula is C,H,Na,0,,2H,O. Its molecular weight is 294.10.

This standard was first published in 1969 and is being revised to make the following additions/changes:

,) ;:)

c)

d)

To incorporate Amendment No.1 issued to earlier version. To bring the requirement of solubility under description section to make it in line with the Food Chemicals Codex NRC. To substitute the requirement of lead by heavy metals and corresponding change in method 01‘ test. To include additional informations like directions for storage, type of the material and expiry date under marking clause.

A considerable amount of assistance has been derived from the following publications in preparing this standard:

Food chemicals codex, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Pharmacopoeia of India 1966.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

\

IS 5058 :’ 199’

Indian Standard

SODIUM CITRATE, FOOD GRADE - SPECIFICATION

(First Revision)

1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements and the methods of sampling and test for sodium citrate, food grade.

2 REFERENCES

The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard:

IS No. Title

1070: 1992 Reagent grade water (third revision)

1699: 1995 Methods of sampling and test for synthetic food colours (second revision)

acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid, and add 1 N sodium hydroxide until the colour changes to a clear blue, then boil for 3 minutes, agitating gently during the heating period. The precipitate shall appear in the liquid. The precipitate shall be insoluble in sodium hydroxide but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid,

4.2 Oxalate

The material shall conform to the oxalate test given in 4.2.1.

4.2.1 Prepare a mixture of I ml of water and 3 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, and dissolve in it one gram of the material. Add to it 4 ml of 90 percent alcohol and 4 drops of solution of calcium chloride. Allow to stand for one hour. The mixture shall remain clear.

4.3 Readily Carbonizable Substances 3 DESCRIPTION

3.1 Sodium citrate shall be in the form of colourless crystals or white crystalline powder. It may be anhydrous or may contain two molecules of water of crystallization.

1 gram of the dihydrate dissolves in 1.5 ml of water at 25°C and in 0.6 ml of boiling water. It is insoluble in alcohol.

NOTE - The solubility is intended only as information regarding approximate solubility and is not to be considered as a quality requirement and is of minor significance w a means of identification or determination of purity and dependence must be placed on other specifnzations.

4 REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Identification

A 5 percent solution of sodium citrate shall give positive test for sodium given in 4.1.1 and positive test for citrate given in 4.1.2.

4.1.1 Test for Sodium

Convert the material to chloride or nitrate. When to this solution uranyl zinc acetate is added, a yellow crystalline precipitate shall be formed with several minutes agitation.

4.1.2 Test for Citrate

To 5 ml of the 5 percent solution, add 1 ml of calcium chloride and 3 drops of bromothymol blue, slightly

The material shall conform to the test given in 4.3.1.

4.3.1 Take 10 ml of sulphuric acid (94.5 to 95.5 percent of H2S0,) in a test-tube and add one gram of the material. Heat in a boiling water-bath for one hour. Not more than a pale brown colour shall be produced.

4.4 The material shall also conform to the requirements given in Table 1.

Table 1 Requirements for So&urp Citrate, Food Grade.

SI Characteristic ‘Req&e- &hod of Test, No. ment Ref to

(1) (2) (3) (4)

0 Purity (as C,H,N%O,) on dry 99 Annex A

basis, percent by mass, Min

ii) Moisture, percent by mass, MUX: a) Anhydrous I b) Dihydrate 13

Annex B

iii) Alkalinity To pass

the test

Annex C

iv) Arsenic, (as As) (on dry

basis), mgikg, MUX 3 Annex D

v) Heavy metals, (as Pb), 10 Annex E

mglkg, MUX

IS 5058 : 1996

5 PACKING, STORAGE AND MARKING

5.1 Packing

The material shall be securely packed in containers with minimum access to light and moisture. The containers shall be such as to preclude contamination of the contents with metals or other impurities.

5.2 Storage

The material shall be stored in a cool and dry place so as to avoid excessive exposure to heat.

5.3 Marking

5.3.1 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following information:

a>

b)

Name of the material including the words ‘Food Grade’; Type of the material whether ‘anhydrous’ or ‘dihydrate’; Name and address of manufacture; Net content when packed; Batch or code number; Directions for storage; Expiry date; and

6.1 The representative samples of the material shall be drawn according to the methods prescribed in 4 of IS 1699: 1995.

7 QUALITY OF REAGENTS

Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water (see IS 1070:1992) shall be employed in tests.

Any other requirements as specified under the NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not

Standards qf Weights and Measures (Packaged contain impurities which affect the experimental results.

Commodities) Rules, 1977lPreventinn of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955.

5.3.2 BIS Certification Marking

The product may also be marked with the Standard Mark.

5.3.2.1 The use of the Standard mark is governed by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standurds Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

6 SAMPLING

ANNEX A

[Tub/e 1, SZ No. (i)]

DETERMINATION OF PURITY

A-l REAGENTS

A-l.1 Standard Sulphuric Acid - 0.5 N. A-2.1 Weigh accurately about 2 g of the sample. Heat until carbonized. Coo!. Boil the residue with

A-1.2 Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution - SO ml of water and 50 ml of the sulphuric acid. Filter and wash lhe filtrate with water. Titrate the

0.5 N. excess of acid in the filtrate and washings with the

A-l.3 Methyl Orange Indicator sodium hydroxide using solution of methyl orange as indicator. Each millilitrc of 0.5 N sulphuric acid

A-2 PROCEDURE

2

is equivalent to 0.049 02 g of C,H,0,fia,,2H20.

IS 5058 : 1996

ANNEX 33

[Table 1, SI No. (ii)]

DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE

B-l APPARATUS sample in the tared weighing bottle. Distribute the sample as evenly as practicable to a depth of ahout

B-l.1 Oven - maintained at 180 + 1°C. 5 mm. Place the bottle containing the sample (uncovered) in the WIYI maintained at 180 k 1°C.

B-l.2 Weighing Bottle - glass-stoppered, shallow. Remove the bottle from the oven after 18 hours, close the bottle promptly and allow it to come to room

B-2 PROCEDURE temperaturn in a desiccator. Weigh it.

B-2.1 Weigh accurately about 2 g of the powdered B-2.2 Calculate loss on drying percent by mass.

ANNEX C [ Td7lP I, SI No. (iii)]

TEST FOR ALKALINITY

C-l REAGENTS

C-l.1 Sulphuric Acid - 0.1 N.

C-l.2 Phenolphthalein Indicator

C-2 PROCEDURE

C-2.1 A Qercent solution of the material in water is alkaline to litmus paper but after the addition of 0.2 ml of the sulphuric acid no pink colour shall be produced by one drop of phenolphthalcin.

ANNEX D

[Table 1, Sl No.(iv)l DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC

D-l PROCEDURE procedure given in B-2.1 of this standard.

D-l.1 Proceed as given in 15 01‘ IS 1699: 1995, except kltcrnativcly~thc material obtained after drying and

that in the chemical analysis method sample shall cooling in the moisture determination test can be

1~ taken ai’tcr removing the moisture as per the used for the estimation.

ANNEX E

[Table I, Sl No. (v)]

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY

E-l PROCEDURE

E-l.1 Proceed as given in 16 of IS 1699:1995, using the reagent specil‘ied therein, except that 2 ml of the

3

standard lead solution shall he taken for the preparation 01. solution A, and 2 g of the sample shall be weighed in the preparation of solution B.

METALS

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Stundurd Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standards has been developed from Dot : No. FAD 8 ( 469 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication.

Amend. No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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