PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

BY : FATIMAH ATIQAH BT MOHD RASOL

GROSS MOTOR AND FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMMENT

Term "gross motor" development refers to physical skills that use large body movements, normally involving the entire body

Ages 2 and 3 years : Stop "toddling," or using the

awkward, wide-legged robot-like stance that is the hallmark of new walkers

Develop the ability to run, jump, and hop

3 to 4 years old : Can climb up stairs using a method

of bringing both feet together on each step before proceeding to the next step

Children develop better upper body mobility

Ages 5 to 6 : They're running even faster and can

start to ride bicycles with training wheels for added stability

Fine motor skills are necessary to engage in smaller, more precise movements, normally using the hands and fingers

ages 2 to 3 years : They can build towers out of blocks,

mold clay into rough shapes, and scribble with a crayon or pen

ages 3 to 4 years : children start to manipulate clothing

fasteners, like zippers and snaps, and continue to gain independence in dressing and undressing themselves

FINE MOTOR

Olds continue to refine their eating skills and can use utensils like forks and spoons

Ages 4 to 5 years : children continue to refine fine motor skills

and build upon earlier skills They can now button and unbutton their

clothes by themselves 5-7 year-olds : Begin to show the skills necessary for

starting or succeeding in school, such as printing letters and numbers and creating shapes such as triangles

Able to use paints, pencils and crayons with better control

ROBERT JAMES HAVIGHURST:

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIST

“A successful mother sets her children free and becomes free

herself in the process.”

Robert James Havighurst

Robert James Havighurst • (June 5, 1900 in De Pere, Wisconsin –

January 31, 1991 in Richmond, Indiana)• A professor, physicist, educator, and

aging expert. • Both his father, Freeman Alfred

Havighurst, and mother, Winifred Weter Havighurst, had been educators at Lawrence University.

• According to his family, Havighurst died of Alzheimer's disease at the age of ninety.

Havighurst 6 Major Stages in Human Life

Infancy & early childhood (Birth till 6 years old)

• Middle childhood (6-12 years old)

Adolescence (13-18 years old) Early Adulthood (19-30 years old)

Middle Age (30-60 years old)

Later maturity (60 years old and over)

(Ages 0-5) Infancy – Early Childhood

1. Learning to walk. 2. Learning to crawl. 3. Learning to take solid food. 4. Learning to talk. 5. Learning to control the elimination of body wastes.6. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty.7. Getting ready to read.8. Forming concepts and learning language to

describe social and physical reality.

(Ages 6-12) Middle Childhood1. Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary

games. 2. Learning to get along with age mates. 3. Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as

a growing organism. 4. Learning on appropriate masculine or feminine

social role. 5. Developing fundamental skills in reading,

writing, and calculating6. Developing concepts necessary for everyday

living. 7. Developing conscience, morality and a scale of

values. 8. Achieving personal independence. 9. Developing attitudes toward social groups and

institutions

REFERENCES Retrieved on 29th January 2013 from

http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/nursepractice/ch/ch6a.html

John W. Santrock. (2007). Child Development Eleventh Edition. New York. McGraw-Hill International Edition.

Mok Soon Sang. (2012). Perkembangan Kanak-Kanak. Selangor. Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.

Retrieved on 29th January 2013 from http://www.bhcmhmr.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=12755&cn=462