Islamic University of GazaIslamic University of GazaFaculty of NursingFaculty of Nursing

Trends And IssuesTrends And IssuesRole of Professional NurseRole of Professional Nurse

Nursing as professional is unique Nursing as professional is unique because it addresses the responses because it addresses the responses of individual and families to actual of individual and families to actual and potential health problem in and potential health problem in humanistic and holistic manner. humanistic and holistic manner.

Nurse advocates, teaches, and Nurse advocates, teaches, and assumes several roles at the same assumes several roles at the same time.time.

Role and Function of the NurseRole and Function of the Nurse

CaregiverCaregiver Nurse helps client regain health through Nurse helps client regain health through

healing process.healing process. Healing is more than just curing specific Healing is more than just curing specific

diseases although treatment skills that diseases although treatment skills that promote physical healing are important.promote physical healing are important.

Nursing addresses holistic health needs of Nursing addresses holistic health needs of client including measures to restore client including measures to restore emotional and social well being.emotional and social well being.

Caregiver helps client and family set goals Caregiver helps client and family set goals and meets these goals with minimal cost of and meets these goals with minimal cost of time and energy.time and energy.

Decision MakerDecision Maker

For providing effective care, nurse uses For providing effective care, nurse uses decision making throughout nursing decision making throughout nursing process.process.

In some situations, the nurse makes these In some situations, the nurse makes these decisions alone or with client and his decisions alone or with client and his family while in other cases, nurse works family while in other cases, nurse works with other health care professionals.with other health care professionals.

ProtectorProtector

As a protector, nurse helps to maintain a As a protector, nurse helps to maintain a safe environment for client and takes steps safe environment for client and takes steps to prevent injuries and to protect client to prevent injuries and to protect client from possible adverse effects of diagnostic from possible adverse effects of diagnostic and treatment measures.and treatment measures.

Client AdvocateClient Advocate

It is the nurse responsibility to ensure that It is the nurse responsibility to ensure that patients has all information needed to make patients has all information needed to make informed decisions about health care.informed decisions about health care.

Nurse must protect client's human and legal Nurse must protect client's human and legal rights and provides assistance in rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights. asserting those rights.

ManagerManager

Nursing coordinates activities of other Nursing coordinates activities of other members of health care team when members of health care team when managing client's total care.managing client's total care.

As manager, nurse coordinates and As manager, nurse coordinates and delegates care responsibilities and delegates care responsibilities and supervises other health care workers.supervises other health care workers.

RehabilitatorRehabilitator

Nurse helps clients that experience physical Nurse helps clients that experience physical or emotional impairments and change their or emotional impairments and change their lives to adapt as fully as possible.lives to adapt as fully as possible.

Rehabilitative activates range from Rehabilitative activates range from teaching client's to walk with crutches to teaching client's to walk with crutches to helping clients cope with lifestyle changes helping clients cope with lifestyle changes often associate with chronic illness.often associate with chronic illness.

ComforterComforter

It is traditional role but important, so it is It is traditional role but important, so it is added to new roles of nurse.added to new roles of nurse.

Nursing care is directed to the whole Nursing care is directed to the whole person rather than simply the body, person rather than simply the body, because comfort and emotional support because comfort and emotional support give the client the strength to recover.give the client the strength to recover.

CommunicatorCommunicator

The role of communicator is central to all other nursing The role of communicator is central to all other nursing roles.roles.

Nursing involves communications with clients and Nursing involves communications with clients and families, other nurse and heath care professionals, families, other nurse and heath care professionals, resource persons, and the community.resource persons, and the community.

Without clear communications, it is impossible to give Without clear communications, it is impossible to give care effectively, make decisions with clients and care effectively, make decisions with clients and families, protect clients from threats to well being, families, protect clients from threats to well being, coordinate and manage client care, assist the client in coordinate and manage client care, assist the client in rehabilitation, offer comfort, or teach.rehabilitation, offer comfort, or teach.

The quality of communication is critical factor in The quality of communication is critical factor in meeting the needs of individuals, families, and meeting the needs of individuals, families, and communities.communities.

TeacherTeacher

As a teacher, the nurse: As a teacher, the nurse: • explains to the client concepts and factors about explains to the client concepts and factors about

health. health. • demonstrates procedures such as self-care activities, demonstrates procedures such as self-care activities, • determines that client fully understand health issues, determines that client fully understand health issues,

and and • evaluates progress in learning.evaluates progress in learning.

Teaching could be planned or unplanned. Teaching could be planned or unplanned. (formal or informally)(formal or informally)

Career Roles (Employment Positions)Career Roles (Employment Positions)

Nurse EducatorNurse Educator Works primarily in school of nursing, staff Works primarily in school of nursing, staff

development, and client education department.development, and client education department. Nursing educators in nursing schools are usually Nursing educators in nursing schools are usually

required to have graduate degree in nursing required to have graduate degree in nursing education, in addition, they generally have a education, in addition, they generally have a specific clinical specialty and advanced clinical specific clinical specialty and advanced clinical experience.experience.

Nurse educators in staff development of health Nurse educators in staff development of health care institutions provide educational programs care institutions provide educational programs for nurses within their institutions. These for nurses within their institutions. These programs include orientation of new personal, programs include orientation of new personal, critical care nursing courses, and instructions critical care nursing courses, and instructions about new equipment for procedures.about new equipment for procedures.

Clinical Nurse SpecialistClinical Nurse Specialist Has master degree in nursing and expertise in a Has master degree in nursing and expertise in a

specialized area of practice.specialized area of practice. Works in a critical care, acute care, long-term Works in a critical care, acute care, long-term

and community health care agency.and community health care agency. May specialize in the management of disease May specialize in the management of disease

such as cancer, disabilities , or cardiovascular or such as cancer, disabilities , or cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases pediatric or gerontology.pulmonary diseases pediatric or gerontology.

Functions as a clinician, educator, manager, Functions as a clinician, educator, manager, consultant, and researcher within the area of consultant, and researcher within the area of practice to plan or improve the quality of practice to plan or improve the quality of nursing care for the client and family.nursing care for the client and family.

Nurse PractitionerNurse Practitioner Provides health care to clients, either in Provides health care to clients, either in

outpatient ambulatory care , or community outpatient ambulatory care , or community based setting .based setting .

May work with a specific group of clients May work with a specific group of clients or clients of all ages and health care needs.or clients of all ages and health care needs.

Has the knowledge and skills necessary to Has the knowledge and skills necessary to detect and manage limited acute and detect and manage limited acute and chronic stable conditions.chronic stable conditions.

His educational program preparation His educational program preparation includes a practitioner program or a master includes a practitioner program or a master degree in nursing.degree in nursing.

1- 1- An Adult Nurse Practitioner An Adult Nurse Practitioner (ANP)(ANP)

Provides primary care, ambulatory care to Provides primary care, ambulatory care to adult with an emergency acute or chronic adult with an emergency acute or chronic illness.illness.

Usually employed in ambulatory care Usually employed in ambulatory care centers or outpatient clinics and work in centers or outpatient clinics and work in collaboration with a primary physician.collaboration with a primary physician.

2- 2- A Family Nurse Practitioner A Family Nurse Practitioner (ENP)(ENP)

Provider ambulatory care for families , Provider ambulatory care for families , usually in collaboration with family care usually in collaboration with family care physician.physician.

He meets the family's general health care He meets the family's general health care needs, manages some illnesses by needs, manages some illnesses by providing direct care and guides or providing direct care and guides or counsels the family as needed.counsels the family as needed.

3- A Pediatric Nurse Practitioner 3- A Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP)(PNP)

Provides health care to infant and children.Provides health care to infant and children.

4- An Obstetrics , Gynecology 4- An Obstetrics , Gynecology Nurse Practitioner (ONP)Nurse Practitioner (ONP)

Provides primary ambulatory care to Provides primary ambulatory care to women seeking obstetrical or women seeking obstetrical or gynecological health care.gynecological health care.

5- A Geriatric Nurse Practitioner 5- A Geriatric Nurse Practitioner (GNP)(GNP)

This activity includes interventions for This activity includes interventions for health maintenance, illness prevention, or health maintenance, illness prevention, or health restoration.health restoration.

Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) Educated in nursing and midwifery.Educated in nursing and midwifery. The practice involves providing The practice involves providing

independent cares for women during independent cares for women during normal pregnancy , labor and delivery ,as normal pregnancy , labor and delivery ,as well as care for newborn.well as care for newborn.

May include some gynecological services May include some gynecological services such as "Pap Smear", family planning, and such as "Pap Smear", family planning, and treatment for minor vaginal infections.treatment for minor vaginal infections.

Practices with a health care agency that Practices with a health care agency that provides medical consultation, provides medical consultation, collaborative management, and referral.collaborative management, and referral.

Anesthetic NurseAnesthetic Nurse Is an (RN) who has received advanced Is an (RN) who has received advanced

training in a certified program in training in a certified program in anesthesiology.anesthesiology.

Provide surgical anesthesia under guidance Provide surgical anesthesia under guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist and supervision of an anesthesiologist (Physician with advanced Knowledge of (Physician with advanced Knowledge of surgical anesthesia). surgical anesthesia).

Administrator NurseAdministrator Nurse manages client care and delivery of special nursing manages client care and delivery of special nursing

services within health care agency.services within health care agency. may hold middle management position as: head nurse may hold middle management position as: head nurse

or supervisor. This position usually requires at least a or supervisor. This position usually requires at least a baccalaureate degree in nursing.baccalaureate degree in nursing.

Upper level management position includes assistant , or Upper level management position includes assistant , or associate director, or director of nursing services. This associate director, or director of nursing services. This position requires a master's degree.position requires a master's degree.

Generally , functions of administrators include Generally , functions of administrators include budgeting, staff strategic planning of programs, and budgeting, staff strategic planning of programs, and services, employee's evaluation and employee's services, employee's evaluation and employee's development development

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