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ISSUES IN POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
AP Human Geo
Facts on Population Growth
Current Global Population: 7.2 billion people
2050 projected populations UN Low Growth: 7.5 billion UN Mid Growth: 9.0 billion UN High Growth: 11 billion
Most growth over the next 50 years will take place in Africa.
Example of rapid growth: Nigeria Currently #7 (175,000,000) #3 by 2045 (beating out the U.S.) #2 by 2100 (beating out China)
The Big Issue: Overpopulation While many MDC’s have low/no population
growth or even decline (DTM 4 and 5), most LDC’s are still in Stage 3 of the DTM and experiencing rapid population growth.
LDC’s are less equipped to deal with the challenges of rapid population growth.
Exceeding carrying capacity (resources) Rapid growth of urban areas (slums) Job opportunities
The Smaller But Still Important Issue: Declining Populations
Some countries (Stage 5?) are experiencing a decline in NIR (CDR higher than CBR)
People choose not to have kids or may be unable. Ex. Russia, Japan
Countries may maintain population through immigration, but culture may be affected.
Creates an upside down pyramid, too many old people and not enough young people to support them (GRAYING POPULATION)
Ideally….
Everyone wants to be in Stage 4 of the DTM, experiencing slow, steady, controlled population growth.
Replacement level fertility is a TFR of 2.1….parents will produce the number of children needed to replace themselves.
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)- population remains the same size from year to year.
Anti-Natalist Policies
Restrictive Population Policies Make fewer babies (Stage 2/3 countries) Example: India
Abortions are readily available Contraceptive's readily available Forced sterilizations? Female infanticide
Example: China’s One Child Policy Men preferred, gender imbalance
Condoms in India
China’s One Child Policy
Pro-Natalist Policies
Expansive Population Policies Promote reproduction/ more babies!
(Stage 5)
Example: Sweden Cash payments and tax breaks for
families with children Leave from work for up to 8 years to
raise a child!!! Racy programming later at night….no
joke!
How to decrease the NIR
We wouldn’t want to increase CDR, that would be mean… >: | Shorten life expectancy? Take away medical care Introduce diseases
Instead, we need to decrease the CBR in LDC’s 1. Increase use of contraception
Sex education, free distribution 2. Empower women
Education, jobs, no longer “barefoot and pregnant..”
0-2 children instead of 3-6
Reducing CBR
Cultural Barriers to Reducing CBR Some cultures are opposed to birth
control or sex education in any form. Strict Catholics and Muslims
Others strictly enforce gender roles Men should be educated, working Women should be in the home, raising
children
Epidemiological Transition
Examines the causes of death in each stage of the DTM.
Stage 1: Pandemics such as Black Plague Stage 2: Diseases such as Cholera spread due
to proximity in cities, poor living conditions Stage 3/ 4: Degenerative and human created
diseases. Cancer, CV/ heart disease, diabetes
Stage 5: Return of the pandemic? Swine flu, H1N1, SARS, etc. Globalization makes spread of disease easier,
faster